【摘要】：韭菜遲眼蕈蚊(Bradysia odoriphaga Yang Zhang (Diptera:Sciaridae))是韭菜(Allium tuberosum Rottle ex Spreng (Liliaceae))上最嚴(yán)重的害蟲(chóng)之一。韭菜遲眼蕈蚊幼蟲(chóng)以韭菜根莖為食,導(dǎo)致韭菜產(chǎn)量損失50%以上,甚至絕產(chǎn)。目前普遍使用殺蟲(chóng)劑灌根防治幼蟲(chóng)。然而,因?yàn)榫虏诉t眼蕈蚊幼蟲(chóng)生存在土壤中,難以接觸到殺蟲(chóng)劑,導(dǎo)致防效差。韭菜遲眼蕈蚊成蟲(chóng)生活在地上,因此防治成蟲(chóng)壓低下一代應(yīng)該更為簡(jiǎn)便。本論文擬通過(guò)研究韭菜遲眼蕈蚊成蟲(chóng)的求偶行為和信息素,試圖找到可以控制韭蛆成蟲(chóng)的方法,以下是實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。1)北京市溫室內(nèi)韭菜地韭蛆種群數(shù)量動(dòng)態(tài)在篩選調(diào)查和監(jiān)控方法后,于2013年3月到2014年3月定點(diǎn)調(diào)查了北京市順義區(qū)實(shí)驗(yàn)基地溫室內(nèi)韭菜地韭菜遲眼蕈蚊種群數(shù)量動(dòng)態(tài)。研究表明,在5月上旬和6月下旬是韭菜遲眼蕈蚊幼蟲(chóng)的兩個(gè)高峰發(fā)生期；成蟲(chóng)的高峰期分別發(fā)生在4月底,5月底,6月下旬,其中5月底最為嚴(yán)重。在7月中旬到8月下旬田間觀察不到成蟲(chóng)和幼蟲(chóng)。四月下旬后韭菜遲眼蕈蚊的為害率超過(guò)了80%。上述結(jié)果為防治溫室韭菜韭蛆提供了重要技術(shù)支撐。此外,溫度對(duì)于死亡率和成蟲(chóng)雌雄性比的影響表明,溫度高于35。C時(shí)大多數(shù)成蟲(chóng)死亡,而且性比隨溫度升高而明顯降低,這也許就是在夏天蟲(chóng)量比較低的原因之一2)韭蛆成蟲(chóng)的求偶和交配行為為了找到對(duì)于韭菜遲眼蕈蚊成蟲(chóng)的行為防治方法,在實(shí)驗(yàn)室條件下研究了韭菜遲眼蕈蚊的求偶和交配行為。尚未交配過(guò)的雄蟲(chóng)在交配前的求偶行為包括定向、展翅、振翅、追逐和腹部卷曲。雌蟲(chóng)表現(xiàn)為定向,展翅和腹部的上下運(yùn)動(dòng)。而且,雄蟲(chóng)更多的在晚上追逐和交配,在白天更多的振翅。比較實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,振翅、追逐和尾部的卷曲是雄蟲(chóng)在求偶中特殊的行為。求偶和交配大多發(fā)生在羽化后3天之內(nèi),隨著天數(shù)的增長(zhǎng),求偶和交配行為逐漸衰減。雌蟲(chóng)尾部提取物可以吸引雄蟲(chóng),但雄蟲(chóng)的提取物不對(duì)雌蟲(chóng)和雄蟲(chóng)有引誘作用,表明韭菜遲眼蕈蚊雌蟲(chóng)的求偶行為是被雌蟲(chóng)釋放的性信息素激發(fā)。3)韭蛆信息素、引誘劑及其室內(nèi)外的誘蟲(chóng)作用通過(guò)固相微萃取和頂空收集法分別對(duì)韭蛆的雄蟲(chóng)和雌蟲(chóng)的揮發(fā)物進(jìn)行收集,并且利用氣譜-質(zhì)譜方法進(jìn)行分析,在雌蟲(chóng)中找到6種特殊的化合物。在實(shí)驗(yàn)室條件T形管嗅覺(jué)儀試驗(yàn)中,有3種化合物對(duì)于雄蟲(chóng)有吸引作用。這三種化合物的混合物的不同濃度比的結(jié)果表明在10cm和50cm內(nèi),有一種混合物的比例對(duì)于雄蟲(chóng)的吸引力最強(qiáng)。根據(jù)之前的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果設(shè)計(jì)了三種類型的誘芯及其誘捕器,田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果初步表明其中一種的誘捕器的誘蟲(chóng)效果最好。本論文的研究成果對(duì)于提高監(jiān)控水平、控制韭菜遲眼蕈蚊成蟲(chóng)提供了新的途徑。
[Abstract]:Leek (Bradysia odoriphaga Yang Zhang (Diptera:Sciaridae) is one of the most serious pests on (Allium tuberosum Rottle ex Spreng (Liliaceae). The larva of leek larva fed on the rhizome of leek, which led to the loss of more than 50% of the production of leek. At present, insecticides are widely used to control larva by root irrigation. However, because the larvae of leek larva live in the soil, it is difficult to contact with insecticides, which results in poor control effect. Leek late-eyed mushroom adults live on the ground, so it should be easier to control adult insects to hold down the next generation. In this paper, the courtship behavior and pheromone of adult Chinese chives were studied in order to find a way to control them. The following is the result of the experiment. 1) the population dynamics of leek and leek maggots in Beijing greenhouse after screening investigation and monitoring methods, From March 2013 to March 2014, the population dynamics of Chinese chives in leek field in greenhouse in Shunyi District, Beijing, were investigated. The results showed that in the first ten days of May and the last ten days of June, there were two peak periods of larval occurrence in Chinese chives, the adult larvae occurred at the end of April and the end of May, and the end of June was the most serious. Adults and larvae were not observed in the field from mid July to late August. After late April, the damage rate of Chinese chives was more than 80%. These results provide important technical support for the control of leek maggots in greenhouse. In addition, the effect of temperature on mortality and female / male ratio of adults indicated that most of the adults died when temperature was higher than 35.C, and the sex ratio decreased significantly with the increase of temperature. This may be one of the reasons for the low population in summer. 2) the mating and mating behavior of adult leeks. The courtship and mating behavior of Chinese chive late-eyed mushroom mosquito were studied under laboratory conditions. The mating behavior of unmated males before mating includes orientation, wing spreading, winging, chasing and abdominal curling. Females exhibit directional, wingspan and upper and lower movements in the abdomen. Moreover, males chase and mate more at night and wings more during the day. The comparative experiments show that wings, chases and curls of tail are the special behaviors of males in courtship. Courtship and mating mostly occurred within 3 days after emergence. With the increase of the number of days, courtship and mating behavior gradually decreased. The female tail extract could attract the male worm, but the male worm extract did not induce the female and the male, which indicated that the courting behavior of the female was stimulated by the sex pheromone released by the female. 3) the sex pheromone of the leek laryngoides was stimulated by the sex pheromone released by the female. The volatiles of male and female larvae of leek maggots were collected by solid phase microextraction (SPME) and headspace collection respectively. Six special compounds were found in females by gas spectrum mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In laboratory T tube olfactory test, three compounds were found to be attractive to males. The results of the different concentration ratios of the three compounds showed that one of the mixtures in 10cm and 50cm was most attractive to males. According to the previous experimental results, three types of trap cores and traps were designed, and the results of field experiments showed that one of them had the best trapping effect. The results of this paper provide a new way to improve the monitoring level and control the adult mosquitoes of leek.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S436.33

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