煙粉虱三個(gè)隱種雌雄蟲(chóng)轉(zhuǎn)錄組的研究與煙粉虱進(jìn)化機(jī)制探討
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-05 13:16
【摘要】：煙粉虱Bemisia tabci在全球廣泛分布,是棉花、煙草、蔬菜和園林花卉等作物的主要害蟲(chóng)之一。煙粉虱是一個(gè)物種復(fù)合體,至少包含35個(gè)形態(tài)上難以區(qū)分但遺傳組成有顯著差異的隱種。該隱種復(fù)合體的MEAM1和MED隱種入侵性很強(qiáng),分布廣泛。而AsiaⅡ3是分布在中國(guó)的一種土著煙粉虱,與入侵種相比,為害性較弱。MEAM1可以通過(guò)生殖干涉的方式競(jìng)爭(zhēng)取代本地種AsiaⅡ3,而且能通過(guò)寄主植物與雙生病毒獲得間接互惠,促進(jìn)種群增長(zhǎng)和病毒傳播。MED得益于更高的抗藥性,在頻繁施用殺蟲(chóng)劑的生境中,MED可以競(jìng)爭(zhēng)取代MEAM 1。MEAM 1和MED能高效地傳播一些能引起重大危害的植物病毒病。粉虱是一類單雙倍體昆蟲(chóng),未受精卵發(fā)育成雄蟲(chóng),為單倍體,受精卵發(fā)育成雌蟲(chóng),為二倍體。煙粉虱雌性和雄性在外表和行為上有明顯差異。然而在基因水平上,雌雄之間僅有染色體拷貝數(shù)上的差異,雌蟲(chóng)有兩套、雄蟲(chóng)只有一套,每一套染色體都是相同的。這意味著雌雄間在外觀和行為上有差異的性狀在很大程度上是同樣的基因差異性表達(dá)的結(jié)果。性別偏好表達(dá)基因包括在某一性別特有表達(dá)的基因,以及在兩性中均表達(dá)但在某一性別表達(dá)水平顯著地高于另一性別的基因。對(duì)果蠅、哺乳動(dòng)物、鳥(niǎo)類等動(dòng)物的研究表明,性別偏好表達(dá)基因趨向于在蛋白質(zhì)序列上快速進(jìn)化。與蛋白序列類似,基因表達(dá)量也會(huì)在自然選擇下發(fā)生進(jìn)化,而且基因表達(dá)量的進(jìn)化與蛋白質(zhì)序列的進(jìn)化可能有一定的正相關(guān)性。RNA-seq高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)使我們能便捷地得到基因編碼區(qū)序列和基因表達(dá)水平。本論文擬通過(guò)對(duì)MEAM1、MED和AsiaⅡ3三個(gè)隱種同源基因編碼區(qū)的進(jìn)化的研究,并結(jié)合雌性和雄性成蟲(chóng)整體基因的表達(dá)譜進(jìn)行分析,以求了解煙粉虱性別偏好表達(dá)基因以及雌雄基因表達(dá)量的進(jìn)化模式。本研究主要結(jié)果如下:(1)通過(guò)對(duì)MEAM 1、MED和Asia Ⅱ3三個(gè)隱種之間的同源基因的編碼區(qū)進(jìn)化的比較分析,找到160條在兩個(gè)以上物種間可能的正向選擇基因。這些基因可能與三個(gè)隱種之間不同的生物學(xué)特性密切相關(guān),也可能與隱種間的分化相關(guān)。而這些基因的分布與性別偏好表達(dá)情況的相關(guān)性不顯著。三個(gè)隱種中進(jìn)化較快的基因大多集中在營(yíng)養(yǎng)消化、代謝、解毒、與寄主互作,以及神經(jīng)與嗅覺(jué)方面。這些可能與MEAM 1和MED的一些入侵特性相關(guān)。(2)對(duì)雌雄兩性差異表達(dá)基因和同源基因編碼區(qū)的綜合分析表明,三個(gè)隱種的同源基因中雄性偏好表達(dá)基因,尤其是偏好表達(dá)不高(偏好表達(dá)在2到8倍)的基因,總體上進(jìn)化速度比雌性偏好表達(dá)和無(wú)偏好表達(dá)基因慢。這可能意味著在煙粉虱中雄性偏好表達(dá)基因進(jìn)化得較慢。這種雌雄間基因編碼區(qū)的進(jìn)化模式和性染色體的二倍體生物如果蠅、鳥(niǎo)類和哺乳動(dòng)物不同,與社會(huì)性的單雙倍體昆蟲(chóng)紅火蟻雄蟻和蟻后間基因編碼區(qū)的進(jìn)化模式有些類似。這種性別偏好表達(dá)基因的進(jìn)化模式可能與單雙倍體昆蟲(chóng)的遺傳進(jìn)化特點(diǎn)有關(guān)。(3)通過(guò)對(duì)MEAM1、MED和AsiaⅡ3三個(gè)隱種之間同源基因的表達(dá)量的比較分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)與性別偏好無(wú)關(guān)的基因在種內(nèi)變異較小,種間變異較大,可能更多地受到正向的自然選擇。而雄性和雌性偏好表達(dá)的基因相比來(lái)說(shuō),種內(nèi)和種間變化差異均較大,受到的自然選擇較弱。這種基因表達(dá)量進(jìn)化模式與果蠅、哺乳動(dòng)物等均不同。這種基因表達(dá)量的進(jìn)化模式或許也與單雙倍體昆蟲(chóng)的遺傳方式有關(guān)。與基因沉默和信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)相關(guān)的基因在種間變異大,種內(nèi)變異不大,在表達(dá)量上進(jìn)化較快,這可能也與不同隱種的形成以及兩個(gè)入侵煙粉虱隱種的一些入侵特性相關(guān)。(4)在煙粉虱雌雄蟲(chóng)的比較轉(zhuǎn)錄組學(xué)分析和表達(dá)譜研究中,得到了大量的RNA-seq數(shù)據(jù)。利用這些數(shù)據(jù)和生物信息學(xué)工具,開(kāi)發(fā)了一個(gè)煙粉虱基因表達(dá)分析網(wǎng)站,能進(jìn)行基因注釋和表達(dá)量的查詢,還能對(duì)RNA-seq的實(shí)驗(yàn)樣本進(jìn)行基因差異表達(dá)方面的數(shù)據(jù)挖掘。綜上所述,本論文首次對(duì)非社會(huì)性單雙倍體昆蟲(chóng)進(jìn)行性別偏好表達(dá)基因的研究,找到了這類生物在進(jìn)化與性別偏好表達(dá)基因之間的聯(lián)系。通過(guò)對(duì)煙粉虱兩個(gè)入侵隱種MEAM1、MED及土著隱種AsiaⅡ3同源基因進(jìn)化速率上的掃描,找到了 一些可能的正選擇的基因,為后續(xù)研究煙粉虱不同種間的基因差異提供了思路,也為找到與煙粉虱隱種分化密切相關(guān)的基因提供了備選。通過(guò)對(duì)煙粉虱基因表達(dá)進(jìn)化方面的分析,初步找出了非社會(huì)性單雙倍體昆蟲(chóng)基因表達(dá)進(jìn)化的一些規(guī)律。此外,本研究開(kāi)發(fā)了煙粉虱基因表達(dá)網(wǎng)站,為后續(xù)的煙粉虱研究提供了基因分析的平臺(tái)。
[Abstract]:Bemisia tabci is one of the main pests of cotton, tobacco, vegetables and garden flowers. Bemisia tabci is a species complex which contains at least 35 cryptospecies which are difficult to distinguish in morphology but have significant genetic differences. The cryptospecies MEAM1 and MED of the cryptospecies complex are highly invasive and widely distributed. MEAM1 can compete for the replacement of native Asia II 3 by reproductive interference, and can gain indirect reciprocity through host plants and geminiviruses, thus promoting population growth and virus transmission. MED benefits from higher resistance to insecticides and is being used frequently. Med can compete to replace MEAM 1.MEAM 1 and MED in the habitats of insecticides and can efficiently transmit some plant viral diseases that can cause serious harm. Whitefly is a kind of haploid and diploid insect. Unfertilized eggs develop into males and become haploid. Females and males of Bemisia tabaci have obvious differences in appearance and behavior. At the genetic level, there are only differences in the number of copies of chromosomes between males and females. There are two sets of chromosomes in females, one set in males, and each set of chromosomes is the same. Gender-specific genes and genes that are expressed in both sexes but are significantly higher in one sex than in the other. Studies in Drosophila, mammals, birds and other animals have shown that sex-preference genes tend to evolve rapidly in protein sequences. Similar to protein sequences, gene expression is also natural. High throughput RNA-seq sequencing technology enables us to easily obtain the sequence of gene coding region and the level of gene expression. In this paper, we intend to study the evolution of three cryptogenic homologous gene coding regions MEAM1, MED and Asia II 3. The main results of this study are as follows: (1) The coding region of homologous genes between MEAM 1, MED and ASIA II 3 was found to be 160 by comparing the evolutionary patterns of sex preference expression genes and the expression levels of male and female genes in Bemisia tabaci. These genes may be closely related to the different biological characteristics of the three cryptospecies or to the differentiation of the cryptospecies. The distribution of these genes is not significantly related to the expression of gender preference. Digestion, metabolism, detoxification, host interaction, and neural and olfactory aspects. These may be related to some invasive characteristics of MEAM 1 and MED. (2) Comprehensive analysis of male and female differentially expressed genes and coding regions of homologous genes showed that the male preferred to express genes, especially those with low preference for expression (preference for expression). In general, genes evolve more slowly than female-preferred and non-preferred genes. This may mean that male-preferred genes evolve more slowly in Bemisia tabaci. The evolutionary pattern of the gene coding region between the male and queen of diploid red fire ant is somewhat similar. The evolutionary pattern of the sex preference expression gene may be related to the genetic evolution characteristics of haploid and diploid insects. (3) By comparing the expression of homologous genes among MEAM1, MED and Asia II 3, it was found that there was no sex preference. Compared with male and female preference genes, intraspecific and interspecific variations are greater and natural selection is weaker. The evolutionary pattern of gene expression is different from that of Drosophila and mammals. Quantitative evolutionary patterns may also be related to the genetic pattern of haploid insects. Genes related to gene silencing and signal transduction exhibit large inter-species variations, small intra-species variations, and rapid evolution in expression, which may also be related to the formation of different cryptospecies and some intrusive characteristics of two invasive Bemisia tabaci cryptospecies. A large number of RNA-seq data have been obtained from comparative transcriptome analysis and expression profiling of insects. Using these data and bioinformatics tools, a website for gene expression analysis of Bemisia tabaci has been developed, which can query the amount of gene annotation and expression, and can also conduct data mining on gene differential expression of experimental RNA-seq samples. In this paper, we first studied the sex preference expression genes of non-social haploid insects and found the relationship between evolution and sex preference expression genes of these organisms. The positive selection of genes provides a new way to study the genetic differences among different species of Bemisia tabaci, and also provides an alternative to find genes closely related to the differentiation of Bemisia tabaci. In this study, we developed the gene expression website of Bemisia tabaci, which provides a platform for gene analysis for the follow-up study of Bemisia tabaci.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S433
本文編號(hào)：2224388
[Abstract]:Bemisia tabci is one of the main pests of cotton, tobacco, vegetables and garden flowers. Bemisia tabci is a species complex which contains at least 35 cryptospecies which are difficult to distinguish in morphology but have significant genetic differences. The cryptospecies MEAM1 and MED of the cryptospecies complex are highly invasive and widely distributed. MEAM1 can compete for the replacement of native Asia II 3 by reproductive interference, and can gain indirect reciprocity through host plants and geminiviruses, thus promoting population growth and virus transmission. MED benefits from higher resistance to insecticides and is being used frequently. Med can compete to replace MEAM 1.MEAM 1 and MED in the habitats of insecticides and can efficiently transmit some plant viral diseases that can cause serious harm. Whitefly is a kind of haploid and diploid insect. Unfertilized eggs develop into males and become haploid. Females and males of Bemisia tabaci have obvious differences in appearance and behavior. At the genetic level, there are only differences in the number of copies of chromosomes between males and females. There are two sets of chromosomes in females, one set in males, and each set of chromosomes is the same. Gender-specific genes and genes that are expressed in both sexes but are significantly higher in one sex than in the other. Studies in Drosophila, mammals, birds and other animals have shown that sex-preference genes tend to evolve rapidly in protein sequences. Similar to protein sequences, gene expression is also natural. High throughput RNA-seq sequencing technology enables us to easily obtain the sequence of gene coding region and the level of gene expression. In this paper, we intend to study the evolution of three cryptogenic homologous gene coding regions MEAM1, MED and Asia II 3. The main results of this study are as follows: (1) The coding region of homologous genes between MEAM 1, MED and ASIA II 3 was found to be 160 by comparing the evolutionary patterns of sex preference expression genes and the expression levels of male and female genes in Bemisia tabaci. These genes may be closely related to the different biological characteristics of the three cryptospecies or to the differentiation of the cryptospecies. The distribution of these genes is not significantly related to the expression of gender preference. Digestion, metabolism, detoxification, host interaction, and neural and olfactory aspects. These may be related to some invasive characteristics of MEAM 1 and MED. (2) Comprehensive analysis of male and female differentially expressed genes and coding regions of homologous genes showed that the male preferred to express genes, especially those with low preference for expression (preference for expression). In general, genes evolve more slowly than female-preferred and non-preferred genes. This may mean that male-preferred genes evolve more slowly in Bemisia tabaci. The evolutionary pattern of the gene coding region between the male and queen of diploid red fire ant is somewhat similar. The evolutionary pattern of the sex preference expression gene may be related to the genetic evolution characteristics of haploid and diploid insects. (3) By comparing the expression of homologous genes among MEAM1, MED and Asia II 3, it was found that there was no sex preference. Compared with male and female preference genes, intraspecific and interspecific variations are greater and natural selection is weaker. The evolutionary pattern of gene expression is different from that of Drosophila and mammals. Quantitative evolutionary patterns may also be related to the genetic pattern of haploid insects. Genes related to gene silencing and signal transduction exhibit large inter-species variations, small intra-species variations, and rapid evolution in expression, which may also be related to the formation of different cryptospecies and some intrusive characteristics of two invasive Bemisia tabaci cryptospecies. A large number of RNA-seq data have been obtained from comparative transcriptome analysis and expression profiling of insects. Using these data and bioinformatics tools, a website for gene expression analysis of Bemisia tabaci has been developed, which can query the amount of gene annotation and expression, and can also conduct data mining on gene differential expression of experimental RNA-seq samples. In this paper, we first studied the sex preference expression genes of non-social haploid insects and found the relationship between evolution and sex preference expression genes of these organisms. The positive selection of genes provides a new way to study the genetic differences among different species of Bemisia tabaci, and also provides an alternative to find genes closely related to the differentiation of Bemisia tabaci. In this study, we developed the gene expression website of Bemisia tabaci, which provides a platform for gene analysis for the follow-up study of Bemisia tabaci.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S433
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前6條
1 陳連根;煙粉虱在園林植物上為害及其形態(tài)變異[J];上海農(nóng)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);1997年03期
2 臧連生,劉樹(shù)生,劉銀泉,阮永明,萬(wàn)方浩;B型煙粉虱與浙江非B型煙粉虱的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)[J];生物多樣性;2005年03期
3 Gane Ka-Shu Wong;;KaKs_Calculator:Calculating Ka and Ks Through Model Selection and Model Averaging[J];Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics;2006年04期
4 John Colvin;Paul J De Barro;;Species Concepts as Applied to the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci Systematics:How Many Species Are There?[J];Journal of Integrative Agriculture;2012年02期
5 秦麗;王佳;邴孝利;劉樹(shù)生;;利用mtCOIPCR-RFLP技術(shù)鑒定中國(guó)境內(nèi)九個(gè)煙粉虱隱種[J];昆蟲(chóng)學(xué)報(bào);2013年02期
6 ;Crossing experiments and behavioral observations reveal reproductive incompatibility among three putative species of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci[J];Entomologia Sinica;2010年06期
，本文編號(hào)：2224388
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/shoufeilunwen/nykjbs/2224388.html
最近更新
教材專著
