【摘要】：作為重要的生物質(zhì)資源,畜禽糞便的科學利用不僅能夠變廢為寶、減輕生態(tài)環(huán)境壓力,還關(guān)系到農(nóng)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。畜禽糞便基礎(chǔ)特性是畜禽糞便能源及肥料化利用的重要技術(shù)參數(shù),也是發(fā)展優(yōu)質(zhì)、高效、低耗生物質(zhì)產(chǎn)業(yè)的公益性基礎(chǔ)。因此,本研究以豬糞便、奶牛糞便、肉牛糞便、蛋雞糞便和肉雞糞便為研究對象,探討了不同畜禽糞便能源及肥料化利用相關(guān)化學組成、工業(yè)組成、元素組成、礦質(zhì)元素和熱值等基礎(chǔ)特性數(shù)據(jù),分析比較其差異性、變異性和相關(guān)性及能源潛力,研究畜禽糞便工業(yè)組成和高位熱值的近紅外光譜表征及快速預(yù)測應(yīng)用,研究比較分析不同畜禽糞便熱解和燃燒特性及其產(chǎn)物的差異,得出研究結(jié)論如下：5類畜禽糞便能源相關(guān)特性變異性較大,各類畜禽糞便組成成分間存在顯著差異。豬糞便中揮發(fā)分、磷、鎂、銅和鋅的含量較高,奶牛糞便中灰分和鐵的含量較高,肉牛糞便中揮發(fā)分和固定碳的含量比較高,蛋雞糞便中灰分、氮、硫、鉀、鈉和鈣的含量比較高,肉雞糞便中氮、硫、鉀和鈉含量比較高。奶牛和肉牛糞便組成特性比較相近。5類畜禽糞便燃燒熱能的理論年產(chǎn)量約為4400.63 TJ,甲烷和合成氣的理論年產(chǎn)量分別為188.89×109 m3和983.40×109 m3。5類畜禽糞便肥料相關(guān)特性變異性較大。豬糞便中磷、有效磷、鎂、銅和鋅的含量較高,蛋雞糞便中凱式氮、銨氮、鈣和鎂含量較高,肉雞糞便中干物質(zhì)、有機物、有機碳、凱式氮、有機氮、鉀和鈉含量較高。豬、蛋雞和肉雞糞便中氮、磷和鉀總量均在3%左右,肥效比較相近。主成分分析結(jié)果表明奶牛與肉牛糞便、蛋雞與肉雞糞便種屬內(nèi)部差異相對較小。近紅外光譜技術(shù)能夠有效地預(yù)測豬、奶牛、肉牛和蛋雞糞便中水分、揮發(fā)分含量和高位熱值,可以建立水分和高位熱值的廣泛預(yù)測模型。豬和肉牛糞便的固定碳模型基本有用。畜禽糞便灰分含量模型的有效性需要進一步研究。5類畜禽糞便熱解特征參數(shù)和動力學參數(shù)變異性較大,各類畜禽糞便熱解特征參數(shù)和動力學參數(shù)存在顯著差異。肉牛糞便熱解特性相對較好。畜禽糞便活化能分布范圍為61.53-100.06 kJ/mol。畜禽糞便熱解特征參數(shù)和動力學參數(shù)與其組成成分之間存在顯著的相關(guān)關(guān)系。各類畜禽糞便在400℃、550℃和700℃獲得的生物炭產(chǎn)率為36.78-51.42%,pH均大于10,具有較大的比表面積,且含有豐富的礦質(zhì)元素,具有作為土壤改良劑和環(huán)境吸附材料的潛力。5類畜禽糞便燃燒特征參數(shù)和動力學參數(shù)變異性較大,各類畜禽糞便燃燒特征參數(shù)和動力學參數(shù)存在顯著差異,肉牛糞便燃燒特性顯著優(yōu)于其他4類畜禽糞便。全部畜禽糞便樣本揮發(fā)分和固定碳燃燒階段的活化能分布范圍分別為61.71-111.72 kJ/mol和89.53-625.45 kJ/mol。畜禽糞便燃燒特征參數(shù)和動力學參數(shù)與組成成分之間存在顯著的相關(guān)關(guān)系。5類畜禽糞便灰分殘渣堿指數(shù)均大于0.34,灰分中主要的礦物質(zhì)化合物為Ca9Fe(PO4)7、Ca9MgK(PO4)7、SiO2、 KCl、K2SO5、 Ca5(PO4)3(OH)和CaCO3。
[Abstract]:As an important biomass resource, the scientific utilization of livestock and poultry manure can not only turn waste into treasure, reduce the pressure of ecological environment, but also relate to the sustainable development of agriculture. * in this study, pig feces, cow manure, beef excrement, chicken excrement and chicken manure were taken as research objects. The chemical composition, industrial composition, element composition, mineral elements and calorific value of different livestock manure energy and fertilizer utilization were discussed, and their differences, variability, correlation and energy potential were analyzed and compared. The characteristics of the industrial composition and high calorific value of livestock and poultry excrement were analyzed by near infrared spectroscopy and rapid prediction. The characteristics of pyrolysis and combustion of different animal manure and their products were compared and analyzed. The conclusions were as follows: the energy related characteristics of the 5 kinds of livestock * feces were more variable, and there were significant differences among the composition of livestock and poultry feces. The contents of volatile, phosphorus, magnesium, copper and zinc in feces were higher, the contents of ash and iron in cow feces were higher, the contents of volatile and fixed carbon in beef feces were higher, the contents of ash, nitrogen, sulfur, potassium, sodium and calcium in hen feces were higher, and the contents of nitrogen, sulfur, potassium and sodium in broiler feces were higher. The theoretical annual output of similar.5 class livestock manure combustion heat is about 4400.63 TJ, and the theoretical annual yield of methane and syngas is 188.89 * 109 m3 and 983.40 * 109 M3.5 type of livestock manure, respectively. The variability of manure related characteristics is larger. The contents of phosphorus, available phosphorus, magnesium, copper and zinc in pig feces are higher, and the content of Kay nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, calcium and magnesium in feces of laying hens is higher. The contents of dry matter, organic matter, organic carbon, Kay nitrogen, organic nitrogen, potassium and sodium were higher in chicken feces. * the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the feces of pigs, laying hens and broilers were all around 3%, and the fertilizer efficiency was similar. * the effective prediction of moisture, volatile matter content and high calorific value of pig, cow, and layer feces can establish an extensive prediction model for water and high calorific value. * the fixed carbon model of pig and beef manure is basically useful. The validity of the model of animal feces ash content needs to further study the pyrolysis characteristics parameters of.5 type livestock manure. Cattle manure pyrolysis characteristics are relatively good. Activation energy of livestock and poultry manure ranges from 61.53 kJ/mol to 100.06 kJ/mol. The biochar yields of all kinds of livestock and poultry manure were 36.78-51.42% at 400, 550 and 700 ~C, with pH greater than 10. The biochar had a large specific surface area and rich mineral elements. It had potential as a soil amendment and environmental adsorption material. The combustion characteristics of beef manure were significantly better than those of other four kinds of livestock and poultry manure. The activation energy distribution ranges of volatile matter and fixed carbon in all livestock and poultry manure samples were 61.71-111.72 kJ/mol and 89.53-625.45 kJ/mol, respectively. The alkali index of ash residue of 5 kinds of livestock and poultry manure was higher than 0.34. The main mineral compounds in ash were Ca9Fe (PO4) 7, Ca9MgK (PO4) 7, SiO2, KCl, K2SO5, Ca5 (PO4) 3 (OH) and CaCO3.
【學位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S216.1
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本文編號：2212856