DTA-6和S3307對(duì)大豆花莢脫落的調(diào)控
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-07 15:26
【摘要】：大豆是我國重要的糧油兼用作物。大幅度提高大豆單產(chǎn)和產(chǎn)能,是彌補(bǔ)我國大豆需求缺口、增強(qiáng)自給能力、保障國家糧食安全的主要措施。而花莢脫落率過高是影響大豆產(chǎn)量和產(chǎn)能降低的主要因素之一。因此,研究大豆花莢脫落的機(jī)理,找到解決方法,對(duì)提高大豆單產(chǎn)和產(chǎn)能具有十分重要的意義。針對(duì)大豆生產(chǎn)中花莢脫落率高的問題,本文對(duì)比研究了兩類調(diào)節(jié)劑對(duì)大豆花莢脫落的調(diào)控效應(yīng)及機(jī)理,旨在為建立大豆化控栽培工程和高產(chǎn)高效栽培提供新思路。本文選用促進(jìn)型的2-N、N-二乙氨基乙基己酸酯(Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate,DTA-6)和延緩型的烯效唑(Uniconazole,S3307)為供試調(diào)節(jié)劑,以亞有限大豆品種綏農(nóng)28、墾豐16和合豐50為供試品種。2012年大田小區(qū)試驗(yàn)主要進(jìn)行了調(diào)節(jié)劑濃度篩選,于R1(始花)期葉噴DTA-6(濃度15 mg·L~(-1),30 mg·L~(-1),60mg·L~(-1),120 mg·L~(-1)),S3307(濃度25 mg·L~(-1),50 mg·L~(-1),75 mg·L~(-1),100 mg·L~(-1)),以噴施清水(CK)為對(duì)照。通過統(tǒng)計(jì)花莢脫落情況和產(chǎn)量確定兩類調(diào)節(jié)劑最適宜噴施濃度。2013年依據(jù)2012年篩選的結(jié)果,R1期調(diào)節(jié)劑DTA-6應(yīng)用劑量為60 mg·L~(-1),S3307應(yīng)用劑量為50 mg·L~(-1),以清水為對(duì)照,進(jìn)一步從大豆花莢脫落率、同化物代謝、內(nèi)源激素、花莢脫落關(guān)鍵酶活性和離層脫落纖維素酶基因表達(dá)方面進(jìn)行了多方位研究。本研究從形態(tài)—生理—分子水平系統(tǒng)揭示調(diào)節(jié)劑減少大豆花莢脫落的機(jī)理,突破了以往研究中只局限于花莢脫落的某一方面的單一研究,與以往同類研究相比,本研究更為深入和系統(tǒng)。研究得出以下結(jié)論:1.DTA-6和S3307調(diào)控了花莢脫落、大豆產(chǎn)量及構(gòu)成因素。(1)DTA-6和S3307能夠顯著調(diào)控大豆花莢脫落;DTA-6 60 mg·L~(-1)降低花莢脫落率7.16%-9.52%,實(shí)現(xiàn)增產(chǎn)9.70%~(-1)7.41%;S3307 50 mg·L~(-1)降低花莢脫落率-6.71-9.74%,增產(chǎn)7.26%~(-1)4.68%。(2)DTA-6和S3307均增加了3個(gè)大豆品種的單株莢數(shù),提高了大豆植株的座莢數(shù),其中S3307處理作用效果較CK提高17.81%。整體上S3307降低了莢粒數(shù),較CK降低1.58%;DTA-6在墾豐16品種較CK增加莢粒數(shù)1.68%。百粒重相對(duì)穩(wěn)定,處理和CK差異不顯著。(3)2012年產(chǎn)量整體上DTA-6S3307CK,2013年產(chǎn)量S3307DTA-6CK,差異顯著。最終表現(xiàn)為DTA-6和S3307能夠調(diào)控花莢脫落,顯著增加產(chǎn)量(平均增產(chǎn)12.34%)。2.DTA-6和S3307總體上降低了存留莢丙二醛(Methane Dicarboxylic Aldehyde,MDA)含量,提高了超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、過氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)活性,在綏農(nóng)28和墾豐16鼓粒中早期,合豐50鼓粒后期階段性降低了脫落纖維素酶(Abscission cellulose,AC)和多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(Polygalacturonase,PG)活性,S3307效果優(yōu)于DTA-6。隨著莢發(fā)育的推進(jìn),各個(gè)處理脫落莢中MDA、SOD、POD、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白質(zhì)含量(或活性)顯著高于存留莢,AC、PG活性顯著低于存留莢。DTA-6和S3307存留和脫落莢相關(guān)指標(biāo)存在差異,表現(xiàn)為脫落莢比存留莢質(zhì)膜過氧化作用增強(qiáng),保護(hù)酶系統(tǒng)的平衡被破壞,可溶性物質(zhì)增加,脫落酶活性降低。3.減少花莢脫落的DTA-6和S3307處理與花莢脫落多的對(duì)照生理差異:(1)DTA-6和S3307處理增加了大豆葉片、莢皮和籽粒赤霉素(Gibberellin,GA3)含量,降低了葉片、莢皮和籽粒脫落酸(Abscisic acid,ABA)含量,提高了葉片、莢皮和籽粒中GA/ABA比值。(2)DTA-6降低脫落纖維素酶基因表達(dá)量(GmAC)最多的是綏農(nóng)28(51.00%),S3307降低GmAC最多的是墾豐16(47.34%),DTA-6和S3307均表現(xiàn)出抑制GmAC的作用。(3)DTA-6和S3307提高了莢皮保護(hù)酶作用效果;總體上降低了莢皮MDA含量,提高了SOD和POD活性,其中S3307效果優(yōu)于DTA-6。(4)DTA-6和S3307降低了噴藥后7d葉片轉(zhuǎn)化酶活性;降低了噴藥后21d花蕾、幼莢的轉(zhuǎn)化酶活性,提高了噴藥后42d莢皮中轉(zhuǎn)化酶活性。DTA-6在噴藥后35d降低了籽粒轉(zhuǎn)化酶活性,S3307降低了噴藥后42d籽粒轉(zhuǎn)化酶活性。DTA-6和S3307能夠改善花莢的轉(zhuǎn)化酶含量,適應(yīng)不同時(shí)期的花莢生育進(jìn)程,二者在時(shí)期和數(shù)值上都存在差異。(5)DTA-6和S3307在3個(gè)品種上對(duì)葉片、花蕾、幼莢、莢皮和籽粒器官蔗糖、可溶性糖、淀粉含量的調(diào)控,在噴藥后7d,籽粒形成初期和后期表現(xiàn)出顯著的作用效果。S3307增加葉片同化物的合成能力,效果優(yōu)于DTA-6,DTA-6在噴藥后49-56d顯著增加淀粉含量,效果優(yōu)于S3307,二者均促進(jìn)了籽粒中同化物的積累,有利于改善源庫關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:Soybean is an important food and oil crop in China. Increasing soybean yield and production capacity greatly is the main measure to make up the gap of soybean demand, enhance self-sufficiency and guarantee national food safety. The high rate of pod abscission is one of the main factors that affect the yield and productivity of soybean. It is of great significance to improve the yield and productivity of soybean. Aiming at the problem of high peeling rate of flower pods in soybean production, this paper compares and studies the regulation effect and mechanism of two kinds of regulators on pea pod abscission, which is designed to provide new ideas for the establishment of soybean controlled cultivation engineering and high yield and high efficiency cultivation. The type of 2-N, N- two ethyl amino ethyl Hexanate (Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, DTA-6) and delayed entrazoles (Uniconazole, S3307) were used as the test regulators. The test varieties of subfinite soybean varieties suiong 28, kendafe 16 and Hefeng 50 were selected as the tested varieties in.2012 year field experiment, and the DTA-6 (concentration) in R1 (beginning) period was concentrated. Degree 15 mg / L~ (-1), 30 mg. L~ (-1), 60mg. L~ (-1), 120 mg. L~ (-1)), with the application of fresh water (100) as control. With a dose of 60 mg / L~ (-1) and a S3307 application dose of 50 mg. L~ (-1), with clear water as the control, a multidimensional study was carried out on the rate of pea pod abscission, assimilate metabolism, endogenous hormones, the activity of the key enzymes in flower pod abscission and the expression of the abscission cellulase gene expression. This study revealed the regulation from the morphological physiological molecular level system. The mechanism of reducing the shedding of soybean pod has broken through a single study confined to a certain aspect of floral pod abscission in previous studies. Compared with previous studies, this study is more in-depth and systematic. The following conclusions are drawn: 1.DTA-6 and S3307 regulate the abscission of flowers and pods, soybean yield and components. (1) DTA-6 and S3307 can be regulated significantly. The abscission rate of DTA-6 60 mg. L~ (-1) reduced the rate of flower pod falling off 7.16%-9.52%, achieved a increase of yield 9.70%~ (-1) 7.41%, S3307 50 mg L~ (-1) reduced the rate of flower pods falling rate, increased the number of single plant pods of 3 soybean varieties and increased the number of pedestal pods of soybean plants. CK decreased the number of pod particles on the whole of 17.81%., and decreased by 1.58% compared with CK, and DTA-6 was relatively stable compared with CK, 1.68%. 100 grain weight was more stable than CK, and the difference between treatment and CK was not significant. (3) the total yield in 2012 was DTA-6S3307CK, and the output in 2013 was S3307DTA-6CK, the difference was significant. The increase of yield (average yield 12.34%).2.DTA-6 and S3307 decreased the content of Methane Dicarboxylic Aldehyde (MDA) and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (Superoxide dismutase, SOD), peroxidase (Peroxidase, POD), in the early stage of suiong 28 and the 16 drum grain of reclaimed 16, and the later stage of Hefeng 50 drums was reduced. The activity of Abscission cellulose (AC) and polygalacturonase (Polygalacturonase, PG) was exfoliated, and the effect of S3307 was better than that of DTA-6. with the development of pods. The contents of MDA, SOD, POD, soluble sugar and soluble protein (or viability) in each pod were significantly higher than that of retained pods, AC, and PG activity was significantly lower than that of preserved pods and residues. The related indexes of retention and shedding pods were different, which showed that abscission pod was stronger than preserved pod membrane peroxidation, the balance of protective enzyme system was destroyed, soluble substance was increased,.3. decreased by exfoliated enzyme activity and reduced the physiological difference between DTA-6 and S3307 treatment and pod abscission of flower pods: (1) DTA-6 and S3307 treatment increased soybean The contents of leaves, pod skin and Gibberellin (GA3) decreased the content of leaves, pod skin and abscisic acid (Abscisic acid, ABA), and increased the GA/ABA ratio in leaves, pod skin and grains. (2) DTA-6 decreased the gene expression of exfoliated cellulase (GmAC) most of which was suiong 28 (51%), S3307 reduced GmAC is the most of 16 (47.34%), DTA-6. And S3307 both showed the effect of inhibiting GmAC. (3) DTA-6 and S3307 increased the effect of pod skin protective enzyme, reduced the MDA content of pod skin and increased the activity of SOD and POD in general, in which S3307 effect was better than DTA-6. (4) DTA-6 and S3307 decreased the activity of the 7d leaf invertase after the spray, and reduced the activity of the invertase in the bud and the young pod after the spray. After spraying, the activity of invertase activity.DTA-6 in 42d pod was reduced in 35d after spraying, and S3307 reduced 42d grain invertase activity.DTA-6 and S3307 to improve the content of invertase in flower pods after spraying, and the two were different in time and value. (5) DTA-6 and S3307 in 3 products. The control of leaves, buds, young pods, sucrose of pod skin and grain organs, the control of soluble sugar and starch content, after the injection of 7D, the early and late stage of grain formation showed a significant effect.S3307 to increase the synthetic ability of leaf assimilates, the effect was better than that of DTA-6, and 49-56d significantly increased the starch content after the injection of DTA-6, and the effect was better than that of S3307, two All of them promoted the accumulation of assimilates and improved the relationship between source and sink.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S565.1
本文編號(hào)：2170460
[Abstract]:Soybean is an important food and oil crop in China. Increasing soybean yield and production capacity greatly is the main measure to make up the gap of soybean demand, enhance self-sufficiency and guarantee national food safety. The high rate of pod abscission is one of the main factors that affect the yield and productivity of soybean. It is of great significance to improve the yield and productivity of soybean. Aiming at the problem of high peeling rate of flower pods in soybean production, this paper compares and studies the regulation effect and mechanism of two kinds of regulators on pea pod abscission, which is designed to provide new ideas for the establishment of soybean controlled cultivation engineering and high yield and high efficiency cultivation. The type of 2-N, N- two ethyl amino ethyl Hexanate (Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, DTA-6) and delayed entrazoles (Uniconazole, S3307) were used as the test regulators. The test varieties of subfinite soybean varieties suiong 28, kendafe 16 and Hefeng 50 were selected as the tested varieties in.2012 year field experiment, and the DTA-6 (concentration) in R1 (beginning) period was concentrated. Degree 15 mg / L~ (-1), 30 mg. L~ (-1), 60mg. L~ (-1), 120 mg. L~ (-1)), with the application of fresh water (100) as control. With a dose of 60 mg / L~ (-1) and a S3307 application dose of 50 mg. L~ (-1), with clear water as the control, a multidimensional study was carried out on the rate of pea pod abscission, assimilate metabolism, endogenous hormones, the activity of the key enzymes in flower pod abscission and the expression of the abscission cellulase gene expression. This study revealed the regulation from the morphological physiological molecular level system. The mechanism of reducing the shedding of soybean pod has broken through a single study confined to a certain aspect of floral pod abscission in previous studies. Compared with previous studies, this study is more in-depth and systematic. The following conclusions are drawn: 1.DTA-6 and S3307 regulate the abscission of flowers and pods, soybean yield and components. (1) DTA-6 and S3307 can be regulated significantly. The abscission rate of DTA-6 60 mg. L~ (-1) reduced the rate of flower pod falling off 7.16%-9.52%, achieved a increase of yield 9.70%~ (-1) 7.41%, S3307 50 mg L~ (-1) reduced the rate of flower pods falling rate, increased the number of single plant pods of 3 soybean varieties and increased the number of pedestal pods of soybean plants. CK decreased the number of pod particles on the whole of 17.81%., and decreased by 1.58% compared with CK, and DTA-6 was relatively stable compared with CK, 1.68%. 100 grain weight was more stable than CK, and the difference between treatment and CK was not significant. (3) the total yield in 2012 was DTA-6S3307CK, and the output in 2013 was S3307DTA-6CK, the difference was significant. The increase of yield (average yield 12.34%).2.DTA-6 and S3307 decreased the content of Methane Dicarboxylic Aldehyde (MDA) and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (Superoxide dismutase, SOD), peroxidase (Peroxidase, POD), in the early stage of suiong 28 and the 16 drum grain of reclaimed 16, and the later stage of Hefeng 50 drums was reduced. The activity of Abscission cellulose (AC) and polygalacturonase (Polygalacturonase, PG) was exfoliated, and the effect of S3307 was better than that of DTA-6. with the development of pods. The contents of MDA, SOD, POD, soluble sugar and soluble protein (or viability) in each pod were significantly higher than that of retained pods, AC, and PG activity was significantly lower than that of preserved pods and residues. The related indexes of retention and shedding pods were different, which showed that abscission pod was stronger than preserved pod membrane peroxidation, the balance of protective enzyme system was destroyed, soluble substance was increased,.3. decreased by exfoliated enzyme activity and reduced the physiological difference between DTA-6 and S3307 treatment and pod abscission of flower pods: (1) DTA-6 and S3307 treatment increased soybean The contents of leaves, pod skin and Gibberellin (GA3) decreased the content of leaves, pod skin and abscisic acid (Abscisic acid, ABA), and increased the GA/ABA ratio in leaves, pod skin and grains. (2) DTA-6 decreased the gene expression of exfoliated cellulase (GmAC) most of which was suiong 28 (51%), S3307 reduced GmAC is the most of 16 (47.34%), DTA-6. And S3307 both showed the effect of inhibiting GmAC. (3) DTA-6 and S3307 increased the effect of pod skin protective enzyme, reduced the MDA content of pod skin and increased the activity of SOD and POD in general, in which S3307 effect was better than DTA-6. (4) DTA-6 and S3307 decreased the activity of the 7d leaf invertase after the spray, and reduced the activity of the invertase in the bud and the young pod after the spray. After spraying, the activity of invertase activity.DTA-6 in 42d pod was reduced in 35d after spraying, and S3307 reduced 42d grain invertase activity.DTA-6 and S3307 to improve the content of invertase in flower pods after spraying, and the two were different in time and value. (5) DTA-6 and S3307 in 3 products. The control of leaves, buds, young pods, sucrose of pod skin and grain organs, the control of soluble sugar and starch content, after the injection of 7D, the early and late stage of grain formation showed a significant effect.S3307 to increase the synthetic ability of leaf assimilates, the effect was better than that of DTA-6, and 49-56d significantly increased the starch content after the injection of DTA-6, and the effect was better than that of S3307, two All of them promoted the accumulation of assimilates and improved the relationship between source and sink.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S565.1
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