【摘要】：植物間的相互識別與響應(yīng)是植物行為研究的中心問題之一,本研究以化感和非化感水稻為研究對象,研究水稻與不同共存雜草的種間化學(xué)關(guān)系及化感水稻種內(nèi)親屬識別作用,以及稗草競爭存在下水稻親屬識別引起的生化可塑性響應(yīng)及其可能的機制。同時研究水稻化感物質(zhì)衍生物對稻田雜草尤其是抗除草劑生態(tài)型稗草的抑制作用及其機制。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)單一雜草與水稻共存時,化感水稻對雜草的抑制作用顯著高于非化感水稻,且對雜草根系生長的抑制顯著高于對莖葉的抑制作用;多種雜草組成的群落對水稻生長的抑制作用具有協(xié)同性,其中雙子葉雜草鱧腸在競爭中占有優(yōu)勢地位。(2)水稻可改變雜草根系的形態(tài)及分布模式,該作用取決于雜草種類及水稻的化感特性。其中,雜草稻根系靠近化感水稻生長;千金子根系對化感水稻無響應(yīng);其余雜草根系均躲避化感水稻分布;對于非化感水稻,雜草稻和稗草的根系呈靠近趨勢,異型莎草和鱧腸的根系則表現(xiàn)出躲避趨勢。(3)水稻對雜草生長的抑制作用因根系分隔方式不同而不同。水稻化感物質(zhì)的含量在30 μm尼龍膜分隔處理中顯著增加,并增強了水稻對稗草、鱧腸和千金子的抑制作用。而且三種雜草根系分泌物對水稻組織中化感物質(zhì)具有顯著的誘導(dǎo)能力,在添加后6 h到9 h之間誘導(dǎo)作用最強。上述現(xiàn)象并未在異型莎草和雜草稻中出現(xiàn)。塑料膜完全分隔后水稻對雜草的抑制作用降至10%左右。水稻對抗性稗草的抑制作用顯著高于其對敏感稗草的抑制作用,但抗性稗草對水稻化感物質(zhì)的誘導(dǎo)能力顯著低于敏感稗草。(4)化感水稻6173具有親屬識別能力,與亞種間陌生者遼粳-9以及亞種內(nèi)陌生者3826伴生時地下生物量顯著大于與自我或親屬6368伴生時的數(shù)值。根系分泌抑制劑存在下或完全阻斷根系物質(zhì)交流后親緣識別現(xiàn)象消失,說明不同親緣關(guān)系水稻的根系分泌物對水稻的親屬識別現(xiàn)象具有誘導(dǎo)作用。(5)不論是否存在稗草的種間競爭,化感水稻PI312777和6173與自我及親屬共存時,其總根長、側(cè)根長以及總根面積均顯著低于與陌生者伴生的數(shù)值。當(dāng)稗草種間競爭存在時,不同親緣關(guān)系的伴生水稻引起目標化感水稻根系水平分布的不對稱性。與自我和親屬伴生時,目標水稻組織中合成的化感物質(zhì)顯著低于陌生者組,但對稗草生長的抑制作用顯著升高。(6)苯并噻嗪衍生物對抗五氟磺草胺稗草及敏感稗草均具有抑制作用,且對不同生態(tài)型稗草的抑制作用沒有顯著差異。該衍生物是通過影響葉綠素?zé)晒鈪?shù)(Fv/Fm,ETR1min和NPQ1min),同時抑制HPPD酶活性導(dǎo)致植物光合色素的合成受阻,導(dǎo)致稗草白化而死亡。
[Abstract]:The mutual recognition and response between plants is one of the central problems in plant behavior research. In this study, allelopathic and non-allelopathic rice was used as the research object to study the interspecific chemical relationship between rice and different coexisting weeds, and the role of phylogenetic relatives in the recognition of allelopathic rice intraspecies. And the biochemical plasticity response caused by rice kinship recognition and its possible mechanism in the presence of barnyard grass competition. At the same time, the inhibitory effect of rice allelochemicals on weeds, especially herbicide resistant ecotypic barnyard grass, and its mechanism were studied. The results were as follows: (1) the inhibitory effect of allelopathic rice on weeds was significantly higher than that on non-allelopathic rice, and the inhibition on root growth of weeds was significantly higher than that on stem and leaf in the coexistence of single weed and rice. The community composed of many kinds of weeds has synergistic effect on rice growth, among which the dicotyledonous weed snakehead is dominant in the competition. (2) Rice can change the morphology and distribution pattern of weed root system. This effect depends on the species of weeds and allelopathy of rice. Among them, the root system of weed rice was close to allelopathic rice growth; the root system of Qianjin was not responsive to allelopathic rice; the other weed roots evaded the distribution of allelopathic rice; for non-allelopathic rice, the root system of weedy rice and barnyard grass showed a close trend. The root system of seagrass and snakehead showed evasive trend. (3) the inhibitory effect of rice on weed growth was different according to the way of root separation. The content of allelochemicals in rice increased significantly in 30 渭 m nylon membrane separator treatment, and enhanced the inhibitory effect of rice on barnyard grass, snakehead intestine and seed. The root exudates of three kinds of weeds had significant ability to induce allelopathy in rice tissues, and the induction effect was strongest between 6 h and 9 h after addition. These phenomena were not found in heteromorphic seagrass and weedy rice. The inhibition effect of rice on weeds was reduced to about 10% after complete separation of plastic film. The inhibitory effect of rice on resistant barnyardgrass was significantly higher than that on sensitive barnyardgrass, but the ability of resistant barnyard grass to induce allelochemicals was significantly lower than that of sensitive barnyard grass. (4) allelopathic rice 6173 had relative recognition ability. The belowground biomass of Liaojing 9 and 3826 intraspecific strangers was significantly higher than that of self or relative 6368. In the presence of root secretion inhibitor or completely blocking the communication of root substance, the phenomenon of phylogenetic recognition disappeared. The results showed that root exudates of different phylogenetic relationships could induce the identification of rice relatives. (5) whether there was interspecific competition of barnyardgrass or not, the total root length of allelopathic rice PI312777 and 6173 coexisted with self and relatives. The lateral root length and total root area were significantly lower than those associated with strangers. When there was interspecific competition in barnyardgrass, rice with different phylogenetic relationships caused asymmetry in the horizontal distribution of target allelopathic rice roots. When associated with self and relatives, the synthesis of allelochemicals in target rice tissues was significantly lower than that in strangers. The inhibitory effect of benzothiazide derivatives on the growth of barnyardgrass was significantly increased. (6) benzothiazide derivatives had inhibitory effects on barnyardgrass and sensitive barnyardgrass, and there was no significant difference in the inhibitory effects on different ecotypes of barnyardgrass. The Derivatives affected chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (FV / FmP ETR 1min and NPQ1min), and inhibited the activity of HPPD enzyme, which resulted in the inhibition of photosynthetic pigment synthesis and the albinism of barnyardgrass.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S511;S451

【參考文獻】

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1 陳青青;李德志;，

本文編號：2159847