【摘要】：花生(Arachis hypogaea L.)是重要的油料和經(jīng)濟作物,在世界范圍內(nèi)廣泛種植�；ㄉa(chǎn)區(qū)主要分布在干旱、半干旱地區(qū),干旱脅迫是影響花生產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量的首要限制因子�？购敌允菑�(fù)雜的數(shù)量性狀,受微效多基因與環(huán)境作用的影響,因此,開發(fā)花生抗旱相關(guān)分子標(biāo)記對利用標(biāo)記輔助育種技術(shù)提高抗旱育種效率意義重大。本研究篩選構(gòu)建了花生關(guān)聯(lián)分析群體,并對群體進(jìn)行表型與遺傳變異評估。同時系統(tǒng)鑒定了群體種質(zhì)的抗旱性與農(nóng)藝、產(chǎn)量相關(guān)抗旱性狀,利用關(guān)聯(lián)分析獲得了與抗旱性和抗旱性狀顯著關(guān)聯(lián)的SSR標(biāo)記,并對關(guān)聯(lián)標(biāo)記的等位變異的表型效應(yīng)進(jìn)行分析,獲得了一系列抗旱相關(guān)等位變異。篩選了多份優(yōu)異的抗旱種質(zhì),并對優(yōu)異種質(zhì)攜帶的等位變異進(jìn)行初步解析。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)篩選構(gòu)建了包括268份種質(zhì)的花生關(guān)聯(lián)分析群體。群體表型變異評估結(jié)果表明:20個重要農(nóng)藝、產(chǎn)量及品質(zhì)相關(guān)性狀變異系數(shù)在4.36%-49.94%之間;各性狀呈連續(xù)分布,符合數(shù)量性狀分布特征。遺傳變異評估結(jié)果表明:中間型種質(zhì)的遺傳多樣性水平比其它類型種質(zhì)低;群體結(jié)構(gòu)分析與遺傳聚類結(jié)果一致,均與種質(zhì)類型和地理分布密切相關(guān);基因組LD水平分析表明LD顯著(p0.01)的共線性位點對間平均r2為0.1453;模型比較結(jié)果顯示在利用本群體進(jìn)行性狀與分子標(biāo)記的關(guān)聯(lián)分析研究時,Q+K model是最適宜的關(guān)聯(lián)分析模型。(2)群體種質(zhì)抗旱性與抗旱性狀分析結(jié)果表明:種質(zhì)抗旱系數(shù)(DC)和抗旱指數(shù)(DI)的變異范圍分別是0.76-1.33和0.28-1.59,種質(zhì)間抗旱性存在顯著差異;在不同水分條件下,產(chǎn)量及抗旱性狀變異系數(shù)在8.38%-50.97%之間,干旱脅迫下百果重、百仁重、出仁率等性狀的變異范圍減小,產(chǎn)量、單株生產(chǎn)力、500g果數(shù)、主莖高等性狀的變異范圍增大;13個性狀可聚為兩類,產(chǎn)量、單株生產(chǎn)力、百果重、百仁重、飽果率、出仁率、單株結(jié)果數(shù)性狀與抗旱性呈正相關(guān),500g果數(shù)、主莖高、側(cè)枝長、結(jié)果枝數(shù)、總分枝數(shù)和有效枝長性狀與抗旱性呈負(fù)相關(guān)。(3)檢測群體種質(zhì)基因型的260個SSR標(biāo)記覆蓋約75%的基因組,共檢測到1270個等位變異,單個標(biāo)記的等位變異數(shù)為2-15個,平均為4.885個;主等位基因頻率(MAF)變化范圍是0.194-0.989,平均為0.620;基因多樣性(GD)的變化范圍是0.022-0.864,平均為0.488;多態(tài)性信息含量(PIC)變化范圍是0.022-0.853,平均為0.424。(4)標(biāo)記與抗旱性和抗旱性狀的關(guān)聯(lián)分析結(jié)果表明:8個標(biāo)記與DC和DI極顯著關(guān)聯(lián),其中標(biāo)記AHGS1525和AHGS1422可重復(fù)檢測,對表型變異的解釋率為7.87%-13.66%;27個標(biāo)記為干旱脅迫特異檢測標(biāo)記,且11個標(biāo)記對表型變異的解釋率大于5.0%;在兩種水分條件下共同檢測到27個標(biāo)記與產(chǎn)量及抗旱性狀穩(wěn)定關(guān)聯(lián),19個標(biāo)記可在3個及以上環(huán)境中穩(wěn)定檢測到,18個標(biāo)記對表型變異的解釋率大于5.0%;56個標(biāo)記與抗旱性狀相對值顯著關(guān)聯(lián),12個標(biāo)記可重復(fù)檢測。綜合分析,共獲得42個重要抗旱相關(guān)分子標(biāo)記,成簇且不均勻地分布在花生遺傳連鎖整合圖譜上,其中B06連鎖群顯著關(guān)聯(lián)標(biāo)記數(shù)最多。(5)關(guān)聯(lián)標(biāo)記的等位變異分析表明:11個干旱脅迫特異檢測標(biāo)記分別獲得了14個抗旱有利和18個抗旱不利等位變異;27個性狀穩(wěn)定關(guān)聯(lián)標(biāo)記分別獲得了45個抗旱有利和53個抗旱不利等位變異;9個抗旱性狀相對值穩(wěn)定關(guān)聯(lián)標(biāo)記分別獲得了7個抗旱有利和6個抗旱不利等位變異。綜合分析,42個抗旱相關(guān)分子標(biāo)記共獲得了113個抗旱相關(guān)等位變異,其中,52個為抗旱有利等位變異,61個為抗旱不利等位變異。(6)以Luhua11(DC=1.00,DI=1.20)為抗旱性強的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品種,依據(jù)DC和DI篩選了47份優(yōu)異的抗旱穩(wěn)產(chǎn)種質(zhì),其中31份種質(zhì)為大面積推廣種植的花生品種或重要育種親本;不同抗旱種質(zhì)攜帶的等位變異存在差異。
[Abstract]:Arachis hypogaea L. is an important oil and economic crop, widely cultivated in the world. The flower production areas are mainly distributed in arid and semi-arid areas. Drought stress is the primary limiting factor affecting the yield and quality of peanuts. Drought resistance is a complex quantitative trait, influenced by the effect of micro gene and environment, therefore, developing flowers. Drought resistance related molecular markers were of great significance to improve the efficiency of drought resistant breeding by using marker assisted breeding technology. This study constructed the peanut association analysis group, and evaluated the population phenotype and genetic variation. At the same time, the drought resistance of population germplasm and agronomic and Yield Related drought resistance traits were systematically identified, and the correlation analysis was obtained by correlation analysis. A series of SSR markers associated with drought resistance and drought resistance were found and the phenotypic effects of allelic variation of associated markers were analyzed. A series of drought resistant alleles were obtained. A number of excellent drought resistant germplasms were screened and the allelic variations carried by excellent germplasms were preliminarily analyzed. The main results were as follows: (1) screening and constructing the package The results of phenotypic variation assessment of 268 germplasms showed that the variation coefficient of yield and quality related traits was between 20 important agronomy and 4.36%-49.94%; the traits were continuously distributed and conformed to the distribution characteristics of quantitative traits. The genetic diversity of genetic variation showed that the genetic diversity of the intermediate germplasm was more than that of the other classes. The group structure analysis was consistent with the genetic clustering results, which were closely related to the germplasm type and geographical distribution, and the genomic LD level analysis showed that the average R2 of the collinear locus of LD (P0.01) was 0.1453. The results of the model comparison showed that Q+K model was used in the analysis of the association between the sex and molecular markers of the population. The most suitable correlation analysis model. (2) the analysis of drought resistance and drought resistance of population germplasm showed that the variation range of drought resistance coefficient (DC) and drought resistance index (DI) were 0.76-1.33 and 0.28-1.59 respectively, and there was significant difference in drought resistance among germplasm, and the variation coefficient of yield and drought resistance was between 8.38%-50.97% and drought under different water conditions. Under stress, the variation range of 100 fruit weight, 100 kernel weight and kernel rate decreased, yield, single plant productivity, 500g fruit number, and higher traits of main stem increased; 13 personality traits could be grouped into two categories, yield, single plant productivity, 100 fruit weight, 100 kernel weight, fruit satiety rate, kernel rate, single plant result number traits and drought resistance, 500g fruit number, main stem height The number of branches, the number of branches and the effective branch length were negatively correlated with the drought resistance. (3) the 260 SSR markers covered about 75% of the genome of the germplasm genotypes were detected, and 1270 alleles were detected. The average number of alleles of the single marker was 2-15, and the average of the main allele frequency (MAF) was 0.194-0.989, The average variation in genetic diversity (GD) was 0.022-0.864, with an average of 0.488, and the variation of polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.022-0.853, and the correlation analysis between 0.424. (4) markers and drought resistance and drought resistance showed that 8 markers were closely related to DC and DI, in which the markers AHGS1525 and AHGS1422 could be retested repeatedly, and The explanatory rate of phenotypic variation was 7.87%-13.66%; 27 markers were specific markers for drought stress, and 11 markers explained more than 5% for phenotypic variation; 27 markers were associated with yield and drought resistance under two water conditions, and 19 markers could be detected steadily in 3 or more environments and 18 markers to phenotypes. The interpretation rate of variation was greater than 5%; the relative values of 56 markers were significantly correlated with drought resistance, and 12 markers could be retested. Comprehensive analysis, 42 important markers of drought resistance related molecules were obtained, and clustered and unevenly distributed on the genetic linkage map of peanuts, among which the number of significant correlation markers in B06 groups was the most. (5) allelic variation of associated markers. The analysis showed that 11 drought stress specific markers were obtained 14 drought resistant and 18 drought resistant alleles respectively, and 27 individual stable association markers were respectively obtained 45 drought resistance and 53 drought adverse alleles, and 9 drought resistant trait relative markers had 7 drought resistance and 6 drought resistance respectively. 113 drought resistance related alleles were obtained by 42 drought resistant molecular markers, of which 52 were favorable alleles for drought resistance and 61 were adverse alleles of drought resistance. (6) Luhua11 (DC=1.00, DI=1.20) was the standard variety with strong drought resistance, and 47 excellent stable and stable germplasms were selected according to DC and DI. The 31 germplasm is a peanut variety or important breeding parent planted in a large area, and there are differences in allelic variation among different drought resistant germplasm carriers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S565.2

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