嫁接提高辣椒根腐病和青枯病抗性的機(jī)理研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-21 18:26
【摘要】：辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)是我國設(shè)施栽培的主要蔬菜之一。當(dāng)前,在設(shè)施辣椒生產(chǎn)中,連作障礙和土傳病害(如根腐病、青枯病等)日趨嚴(yán)重,是限制其高產(chǎn)增收和安全生產(chǎn)的重要因素。本文以根系發(fā)達(dá)的半野生型辣椒‘衛(wèi)士’(WS)與‘部野丁’(BYD)為砧木,以‘新豐2號’(XF)為接穗,‘新豐2號’的自根嫁接苗(XF/XF)為對照(CK),研究嫁接對辣椒根際土壤環(huán)境的變化及其與根腐病和青枯病抗性的關(guān)系;并通過人工接種的方法,研究嫁接辣椒的抗病機(jī)理。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.嫁接辣椒新豐/衛(wèi)士(XF/WS)與新豐/部野丁(XF/BYD)根際土壤的電導(dǎo)率(EC)略高,XF/WS的pH較明顯高于CK,而XF/BYD多與CK差異不顯著;XF/WS和XF/BYD根際土壤N、P、K含量顯著低于CK,真菌和放線菌數(shù)量較多,放線菌比例較大,根際土壤磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶、硝酸還原酶(NR)、過氧化氫酶(CAT)和過氧化物酶(POD)活性多高于CK,根際土壤浸提液中的烴類化合物增多。說明嫁接可優(yōu)化辣椒根際土壤環(huán)境,增強(qiáng)土傳病害抗性,XF/WS和XF/BYD產(chǎn)量分別比CK增加40.8%和28.7%。2.接種根腐和青枯病菌前,XF/WS和XF/BYD的根系生物量和根系活力顯著大于CK,吸收面積與活躍吸收面積與CK差異不顯著。接種后,侵入嫁接辣椒根系的根腐病菌(腐皮鐮孢菌Fusarium solani)和青枯病菌(假單胞桿菌Ralstonia solanacearum)明顯少于侵入自根辣椒的,因此,嫁接辣椒的根系受傷較輕,細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)保持基本完整,發(fā)病率和病情指數(shù)低于CK,根系生物量、吸收面積和活躍吸收面積及根系活力的降低幅度均明顯小于CK,說明嫁接辣椒根系發(fā)達(dá),能有效抑制病菌侵入,這可能是其抗病性增強(qiáng)的重要原因之一。3.接種根腐和青枯病菌后,嫁接辣椒的過氧化氫(H2O2)、丙二醛(MDA)和電解質(zhì)滲漏率(EL)的增加幅度顯著小于CK,過氧化氫酶(CAT)、抗壞血酸過氧化物酶(APX)和谷胱甘肽還原酶(GR)活性及抗抗壞血酸(AsA)、還原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和α-生育酚(α-TOC)含量明顯高于CK,說明嫁接可通過增強(qiáng)抗氧化系統(tǒng)活性減輕根腐和青枯病菌侵入引起的脂質(zhì)過氧化傷害。4.接種根腐和青枯病菌后嫁接辣椒的水楊酸(SA)、香草醛、木質(zhì)素、多胺含量及苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和過氧化物酶(POD)活性均高于CK。表明嫁接可通過增強(qiáng)次生代謝相關(guān)酶活性加速辣椒根系的次生代謝,從而形成較多的酚酸類物質(zhì)和木質(zhì)素,加固機(jī)械屏障,增強(qiáng)抵御能力,減輕病菌對組織細(xì)胞的傷害。5.砧木、嫁接和自根辣椒根系分泌物的組分存在較大差異,砧木和嫁接辣椒的根系分泌物可抑制F.solani和R.solanacearum的生長,促進(jìn)黃瓜種子萌發(fā)和根系生長,減輕對番茄種子萌發(fā)和根系生長的化感抑制效應(yīng),表明嫁接辣椒根系分泌物組分變化是抑制病原菌生長和繁殖,減輕土傳病害的重要機(jī)理之一。6.通過對砧木、嫁接和自根辣椒根系分泌物組分分析,推測砧木和嫁接辣椒根系分泌物對病原菌生長的抑制作用可能與鄰苯二甲酸二異辛酯和二苯并呋喃有關(guān)。經(jīng)功能鑒定證明,0.2 ml·L-1的鄰苯二甲酸二異辛酯和0.1 g·L-1的二苯并呋喃可降低辣椒發(fā)病率,產(chǎn)量分別比CK高31.7%和38.3%。
[Abstract]:Capsicum annuum L. is one of the main vegetables in the plant cultivation in China. In the production of capsicum, the continuous cropping obstacle and soil borne disease (such as root rot, bacterial wilt, etc.) are becoming more and more serious. It is an important factor to limit its high yield and increase and increase and increase its safety. In this paper, the semi wild type of Pepper 'guard' (WS) and 'DIN' are developed in this paper. (BYD) to study the change of soil environment in the rhizosphere of chili and the relationship with root rot and bacterial wilt resistance, the root rot and the resistance of root rot and bacterial wilt were studied with "Xinfeng 2 '(XF)" as scion and' Xinfeng 2 'self root grafted seedlings (XF/XF) as the control (CK). The main results were as follows: 1. grafting. The electrical conductivity (EC) of the rhizosphere soil of pepper Xinfeng / guard (XF/WS) and Xinfeng / Department wild Ding (XF/BYD) was slightly higher than that of CK, and the difference between XF/BYD and CK was not significant. XF/WS and XF/BYD rhizosphere soil N, P, were significantly lower than those of CK. Fungi and actinomycetes were more, actinomycetes were larger, and rhizosphere soil phosphatase, invertase, urease, nitric acid were also found. The activity of the original enzyme (NR), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) was much higher than that of CK, and the hydrocarbon compounds in the rhizosphere soil extracts increased. It indicated that grafting could optimize the soil environment of the rhizosphere and enhance the resistance to soil borne diseases. The yield of XF/WS and XF/BYD increased by 40.8% and 28.7%.2. was inoculated with root rot and bacterial wilt, respectively, and the roots of XF/WS and XF/BYD. The biomass and root activity were significantly greater than that of CK, and there was no significant difference between the absorption area and the active absorption area and CK. After inoculation, the root rot pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum Fusarium solani) and bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas aeruginosa Ralstonia solanacearum) intruded into the root of the grafted capsicum were significantly less than that of the root capsicum, so the root injury of the grafted capsicum was better than that of the root. The cell structure remained basically intact, the incidence and disease index were lower than CK, the root biomass, the absorption area, the active absorption area and the root activity decreased significantly less than CK, indicating that the roots of the grafted capsicum were well developed and could effectively inhibit the invasion of the pathogen, which may be one of the important reasons for the enhancement of its resistance to disease,.3. inoculation and blight. After the bacteria, the increase of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage rate (EL) was significantly lower than that of CK, catalase (CAT), ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity and anti ascorbic acid (AsA), and the content of the prototype glutathione (GSH) and alpha tocopherol (alpha -TOC) was significantly higher than that of CK. It can be achieved by enhancing antioxidant system activity to reduce the lipid peroxidation injury caused by root rot and bacterial bacterial invasion in.4. inoculation with root rot and bacterial wilt bacteria, after inoculation of SA, vanillin, lignin, polyamine content and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activity above CK. Grafting can accelerate secondary metabolism of chilli roots by enhancing secondary metabolism related enzymes, thus forming more phenolic acids and lignin, strengthening mechanical barriers, enhancing resistance and reducing the damage to tissue cells by.5. rootstock. There are great differences in the components of graft and root secretions from root capsicum, rootstock and grafting. The root exudates of pepper can inhibit the growth of F.solani and R.solanacearum, promote the germination and root growth of cucumber, reduce the inhibition effect on the germination and root growth of tomato, which indicates that the change of the root exudates of the grafted pepper is one of the important mechanisms of inhibiting the growth and propagation of the pathogenic bacteria and reducing the soil borne diseases by.6.. Analysis of rootstock, grafting and root exudates of self root capsicum, the inhibitory effect of rootstock and grafted pepper root exudates on the growth of pathogenic bacteria may be related to the two isooctyl and two benzofuran of phthalate two formate. It is proved by functional identification that 0.2 ml. L-1, two ISO Octyl and 0.1 g. L-1 of two benzofuran can be reduced. The incidence of pepper was 31.7% and 38.3%. higher than that of CK, respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S436.418
本文編號：2136416
[Abstract]:Capsicum annuum L. is one of the main vegetables in the plant cultivation in China. In the production of capsicum, the continuous cropping obstacle and soil borne disease (such as root rot, bacterial wilt, etc.) are becoming more and more serious. It is an important factor to limit its high yield and increase and increase and increase its safety. In this paper, the semi wild type of Pepper 'guard' (WS) and 'DIN' are developed in this paper. (BYD) to study the change of soil environment in the rhizosphere of chili and the relationship with root rot and bacterial wilt resistance, the root rot and the resistance of root rot and bacterial wilt were studied with "Xinfeng 2 '(XF)" as scion and' Xinfeng 2 'self root grafted seedlings (XF/XF) as the control (CK). The main results were as follows: 1. grafting. The electrical conductivity (EC) of the rhizosphere soil of pepper Xinfeng / guard (XF/WS) and Xinfeng / Department wild Ding (XF/BYD) was slightly higher than that of CK, and the difference between XF/BYD and CK was not significant. XF/WS and XF/BYD rhizosphere soil N, P, were significantly lower than those of CK. Fungi and actinomycetes were more, actinomycetes were larger, and rhizosphere soil phosphatase, invertase, urease, nitric acid were also found. The activity of the original enzyme (NR), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) was much higher than that of CK, and the hydrocarbon compounds in the rhizosphere soil extracts increased. It indicated that grafting could optimize the soil environment of the rhizosphere and enhance the resistance to soil borne diseases. The yield of XF/WS and XF/BYD increased by 40.8% and 28.7%.2. was inoculated with root rot and bacterial wilt, respectively, and the roots of XF/WS and XF/BYD. The biomass and root activity were significantly greater than that of CK, and there was no significant difference between the absorption area and the active absorption area and CK. After inoculation, the root rot pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum Fusarium solani) and bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas aeruginosa Ralstonia solanacearum) intruded into the root of the grafted capsicum were significantly less than that of the root capsicum, so the root injury of the grafted capsicum was better than that of the root. The cell structure remained basically intact, the incidence and disease index were lower than CK, the root biomass, the absorption area, the active absorption area and the root activity decreased significantly less than CK, indicating that the roots of the grafted capsicum were well developed and could effectively inhibit the invasion of the pathogen, which may be one of the important reasons for the enhancement of its resistance to disease,.3. inoculation and blight. After the bacteria, the increase of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage rate (EL) was significantly lower than that of CK, catalase (CAT), ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity and anti ascorbic acid (AsA), and the content of the prototype glutathione (GSH) and alpha tocopherol (alpha -TOC) was significantly higher than that of CK. It can be achieved by enhancing antioxidant system activity to reduce the lipid peroxidation injury caused by root rot and bacterial bacterial invasion in.4. inoculation with root rot and bacterial wilt bacteria, after inoculation of SA, vanillin, lignin, polyamine content and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activity above CK. Grafting can accelerate secondary metabolism of chilli roots by enhancing secondary metabolism related enzymes, thus forming more phenolic acids and lignin, strengthening mechanical barriers, enhancing resistance and reducing the damage to tissue cells by.5. rootstock. There are great differences in the components of graft and root secretions from root capsicum, rootstock and grafting. The root exudates of pepper can inhibit the growth of F.solani and R.solanacearum, promote the germination and root growth of cucumber, reduce the inhibition effect on the germination and root growth of tomato, which indicates that the change of the root exudates of the grafted pepper is one of the important mechanisms of inhibiting the growth and propagation of the pathogenic bacteria and reducing the soil borne diseases by.6.. Analysis of rootstock, grafting and root exudates of self root capsicum, the inhibitory effect of rootstock and grafted pepper root exudates on the growth of pathogenic bacteria may be related to the two isooctyl and two benzofuran of phthalate two formate. It is proved by functional identification that 0.2 ml. L-1, two ISO Octyl and 0.1 g. L-1 of two benzofuran can be reduced. The incidence of pepper was 31.7% and 38.3%. higher than that of CK, respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S436.418
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