本文選題：夏玉米 + 6-BA��； 參考：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：在大田生產(chǎn)中,增加種植密度是當前玉米品種獲得高產(chǎn)的重要舉措。但玉米籽粒發(fā)育存在顯著粒位效應(yīng),即與雌穗中、下部強勢籽粒相比,上部弱勢籽粒灌漿啟動慢,灌漿充實不充分,最終粒重低。過高的種植密度會加劇這種粒位差異,甚至導致弱勢籽粒敗育,嚴重限制玉米高產(chǎn)潛力的發(fā)揮。因此,密植條件下探究玉米粒位效應(yīng)的成因,并采取有效栽培措施促進籽粒灌漿不僅是理論研究的必要,并且在生產(chǎn)實踐中也具有重要的指導意義。本研究于2015-2016年在山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學黃淮海區(qū)域玉米技術(shù)創(chuàng)新中心和作物生物學國家重點實驗室進行,選用高產(chǎn)夏玉米品種鄭單958和登海661為試驗材料,種植密度90000株hm-2,采用田間試驗小區(qū)的方法從生理學層面研究玉米強、弱勢籽粒發(fā)育差異的原因以及噴施6-BA對玉米強、弱勢籽粒生長發(fā)育的調(diào)控效應(yīng),同時重點利用i TRAQ為基礎(chǔ)的蛋白質(zhì)組學技術(shù)探討玉米強、弱勢籽粒發(fā)育過程中差異蛋白質(zhì)組的表達特性,著重在蛋白水平上揭示玉米粒位效應(yīng)的成因,以期為改善籽粒灌漿,實現(xiàn)玉米高產(chǎn)高效栽培提供理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)支持。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.玉米弱勢籽粒的庫容與庫活性顯著低于強勢籽粒籽粒庫容建成期,弱勢籽粒最大胚乳細胞增殖速率及平均增殖速率、最大胚乳細胞數(shù)目均顯著低于強勢籽粒,導致弱勢籽粒庫容量較低。籽粒灌漿期,強、弱勢籽粒間同化物供應(yīng)無顯著差異,但弱勢籽粒的淀粉和蛋白積累量均顯著低于強勢籽粒,造成弱勢籽粒灌漿速率慢、最終粒重低。弱勢籽粒較低的淀粉積累量與其灌漿期較低的蔗糖-淀粉代謝相關(guān)酶Su Sy、AGPase、SSS、GBSS以及SBE活性有關(guān)。玉米籽粒內(nèi)源激素含量與籽粒灌漿速率呈顯著或者極顯著正相關(guān)。但玉米強、弱勢籽粒間內(nèi)源激素含量存在顯著差異,灌漿前、中期弱勢籽粒ZR、IAA、GA3以及ABA含量均明顯低于強勢籽粒,這也是造成弱勢籽粒灌漿較差的重要原因。2.玉米籽粒不同發(fā)育階段展現(xiàn)相異的蛋白表達特性本研究首次利用i TRAQ蛋白質(zhì)組學技術(shù)分析了玉米籽粒發(fā)育過程中的蛋白表達特性,在玉米籽粒中共鑒定到4751種蛋白,這些蛋白涉及多種生物過程與分子功能,其中生物過程主要涉及代謝過程和分子過程;分子功能主要行使催化活性和綁定功能,這些生物過程與分子功能對籽粒發(fā)育具有重要作用。玉米籽粒發(fā)育過程中1235種蛋白顯著差異表達,其功能涉及多種分子及代謝途徑,蛋白代謝和基礎(chǔ)代謝相關(guān)蛋白表達差異最大。籽粒發(fā)育過程中不同蛋白功能組的表達存在時序性差異。玉米籽粒發(fā)育早期細胞生長與分裂相關(guān)蛋白顯著積累,而淀粉合成相關(guān)蛋白以及貯藏蛋白分別在玉米籽粒發(fā)育中、后期顯著積累。中心碳代謝途徑(EMP、TCA、PPP以及EF)在玉米籽粒發(fā)育過程中動態(tài)變化,其中TCA以及PPP途徑主要在玉米籽粒發(fā)育早期表現(xiàn)活躍,而EMP和EF途徑主要在玉米籽粒發(fā)育中期表現(xiàn)活躍。123種脅迫相關(guān)蛋白在玉米籽粒發(fā)育過程中顯著差異表達,主要參與籽粒蛋白修飾、ROS體內(nèi)平衡、貯藏物質(zhì)保護、病蟲害響應(yīng)及其它脅迫響應(yīng)過程。其中,蛋白修飾相關(guān)蛋白在籽粒不同發(fā)育階段均顯著積累,有助于穩(wěn)定籽粒的蛋白結(jié)構(gòu);ROS體內(nèi)平衡相關(guān)蛋白主要在籽粒發(fā)育前、后期顯著積累,有利于維持籽粒ROS體內(nèi)平衡;貯藏物質(zhì)保護以及病蟲害響應(yīng)相關(guān)蛋白主要在籽粒發(fā)育后期顯著積累,進而保護貯藏物質(zhì)的正常合成以及增強籽粒對生物脅迫的抗性。3.玉米強、弱勢籽粒間蛋白質(zhì)組表達特性存在差異玉米籽粒發(fā)育前、中期利用i TRAQ蛋白質(zhì)組學技術(shù)在玉米強、弱勢籽粒間發(fā)現(xiàn)305種顯著差異表達蛋白。這些蛋白涉及多種分子和代謝途徑,其中表達差異較大的是與蛋白代謝和基礎(chǔ)代謝相關(guān)的蛋白。與強勢籽粒相比,弱勢籽粒中細胞增殖相關(guān)蛋白顯著滯后表達,而淀粉合成相關(guān)蛋白顯著下調(diào)表達,進而導致弱勢籽粒較小的庫容量以及較低的庫活性。同時,弱勢籽粒中低活性的糖酵解途徑,減少了其物質(zhì)合成所需的能量供應(yīng)。此外,面對氧化應(yīng)激等逆境時,弱勢籽粒相關(guān)的抗氧化酶系統(tǒng)以及脅迫響應(yīng)蛋白表達紊亂,降低了其對逆境脅迫環(huán)境的抵抗力。4.外源6-BA促進了玉米強、弱勢籽粒的發(fā)育外源6-BA處理提高了灌漿前、中期玉米強、弱勢籽粒中內(nèi)源激素ZR、IAA、ABA、GA3的含量,通過影響玉米強、弱勢籽粒內(nèi)源激素水平,增加了胚乳細胞增殖速率以及胚乳細胞數(shù)目,進而提高了籽粒庫容,為積累更多的干物質(zhì)提供了基礎(chǔ);同時6-BA處理顯著增加了玉米強、弱勢籽粒中可溶性糖含量,提高了同化物供應(yīng),另一方面通過提高蔗糖-淀粉代謝相關(guān)酶Su Sy、AGPase、SSS、GBSS以及SBE的活性,促進了淀粉積累,增加了灌漿速率,進而最終提高了籽粒粒重及產(chǎn)量。
[Abstract]:In the field production, increasing the planting density is an important measure for the current maize varieties to obtain high yield. But there is a significant grain position effect in maize grain development, that is, compared with the female ear, the lower grain grain filling is slow, the grain filling is insufficient and the final grain weight is low. The high planting density will aggravate the grain difference, and the difference of grain position will be aggravated. Therefore, it is not only necessary for theoretical research to explore the causes of corn grain position effect and to take effective cultivation measures to promote grain filling under dense planting conditions, but also have important guiding significance in production practice. This study was in Shandong agriculture in 2015-2016 years. The maize technology innovation center and the State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology were studied in the Huang Huai Hai region. The High Yield Summer Maize Variety Zhengdan 958 and 661 of the land on the sea were selected as the experimental materials, and the planting density was 90000 hm-2. The reasons for the difference of corn strong, weak grain development and the spraying of 6-BA to jade were studied by the method of field experiment. The regulation effect of rice strong and disadvantaged grain growth and development, and focusing on I TRAQ based proteomics technology to explore the expression characteristics of different protein groups in the process of maize strength and disadvantaged grain development, and to reveal the cause of corn grain position effect on the protein level, in order to improve grain filling and realize high yield and high efficiency cultivation of maize. The theoretical basis and technical support were provided. The main results were as follows: 1. the storage capacity and the activity of the disadvantaged grains were significantly lower than that of the strong grain reservoir capacity, the maximum endosperm cell proliferation rate and average proliferation rate of the disadvantaged grains, the maximum endosperm cell number were significantly lower than that of the strong grain, which resulted in the lower seed bank capacity. There was no significant difference in the supply of assimilates between grain filling, strong and disadvantaged grains, but the accumulation of starch and protein in weak grains was significantly lower than that of strong grain, which resulted in slow grain filling rate and low grain weight. The low starch accumulation of weak grains and low starch metabolism related enzymes Su Sy, AGPase, SSS, GBSS and S were lower in the grain filling period. BE activity was related. The content of endogenous hormones in corn grains and grain filling rate showed significant or very significant positive correlation. But corn was strong and the content of endogenous hormones in disadvantaged grains was significantly different. Before filling, the content of ZR, IAA, GA3 and ABA in the weak grain were significantly lower than that of strong grains in the middle period, which was also an important source of poor grain filling. The protein expression characteristics of different developmental stages of.2. corn grain were presented in this study. The protein expression characteristics during the development of corn kernel were analyzed by I TRAQ proteomics technology for the first time. 4751 kinds of proteins were identified in maize grains. These proteins involved a variety of biological processes and molecular functions, among which biological processes were mainly involved. And the metabolic processes and molecular processes; molecular functions mainly exercise catalytic activity and binding function. These biological processes and molecular functions play an important role in the development of grain. 1235 proteins are significantly different in the process of maize grain development, and their functions involve a variety of molecules and metabolic pathways, protein metabolism and the expression of basic metabolic related proteins. The difference was the greatest. The expression of different protein functional groups in the process of grain development had a temporal difference. In the early stage of maize grain development, cell growth and mitotic proteins accumulated significantly, while starch synthesis related proteins and storage proteins were accumulated during the development of corn grain, and the central carbon metabolism pathway (EMP, TCA, PPP and EF) was in jade. In the development process of rice grain, TCA and PPP pathway were mainly active in the early stage of maize grain development, while EMP and EF pathway mainly expressed active.123 stress related proteins in maize grain development during the middle period of maize grain development, and mainly involved in grain protein modification, ROS balance and storage. The protein modification related proteins accumulated significantly in the different stages of grain development, which could help stabilize the protein structure of grain, and the balance related protein in ROS was mainly accumulated before the grain development and later in the later period, which was beneficial to the balance of the ROS in the Yu Weichi grain, the preservation of storage material and the disease. The response related proteins of insect pests mainly accumulate at the late stage of grain development, and then protect the normal synthesis of storage materials and enhance the resistance of.3. corn to the grain to biological stress. The expression characteristics of protein groups in the disadvantaged seeds are different before the development of corn grains. In the medium term, the I TRAQ proteomics technology is used in the strong and disadvantaged grains between the corn and the weak grain. 305 distinct differentially expressed proteins were found. These proteins involved a variety of molecular and metabolic pathways, in which the protein metabolism and basal metabolism were significantly different. Compared with the strong grains, the cell proliferation related proteins in the weak grains were significantly lagged, and the starch synthesis related proteins were significantly downregulated and then resulted in a significant decrease in the expression of protein related proteins. At the same time, the low active glycolysis pathway in the disadvantaged grains reduces the energy supply needed for its material synthesis. In addition, in the face of adverse conditions such as oxidative stress, the weak grain related antioxidant enzymes and stress response proteins are expressed in disorder, which reduces the stress environment for adversity stress. Resistance.4. exogenous 6-BA promoted maize strong, the disadvantaged grain development exogenous 6-BA treatment improved the content of endogenous hormone ZR, IAA, ABA, GA3 in the weak grain before grain filling, and increased the growth rate of endosperm cells and the number of endosperm cells by affecting the maize strong and weak grain endogenous hormone levels, and then increased the grain size. The storage capacity provides a basis for accumulating more dry matter; at the same time, 6-BA treatment significantly increases corn strength, soluble sugar content in disadvantaged grains, increases the supply of assimilates, on the other hand, enhances the accumulation of starch, increases the grain filling rate by increasing the viability of sucrose starch metabolism related enzymes Su Sy, AGPase, SSS, GBSS and SBE. The seed weight and yield were improved.
【學位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S513

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本文編號：2104370