本文選題：普通小麥 + 冰草6P染色體��； 參考：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：普通小麥(Triticum aestivum L.,2n=6x=42,AABBDD)遺傳基礎(chǔ)狹窄限制了其產(chǎn)量的提高和品質(zhì)的改良。冰草(Agropyron cristatum.,2n=4x=28,PPPP)6P染色體攜帶有多花多粒產(chǎn)量相關(guān)性狀,以及抗葉銹、白粉等抗病基因,將其導(dǎo)入普通小麥?zhǔn)窃黾有←溸z傳多樣性、增強小麥抗病性、提高小麥產(chǎn)量的有效途徑。本研究以小麥-冰草6P二體異附加系4844-12為基礎(chǔ)材料,通過γ射線輻照的方法,利用分子細(xì)胞遺傳學(xué)技術(shù),創(chuàng)制冰草6P染色體缺失系和小麥-冰草6P異源易位系。1、一種高效誘導(dǎo)小麥-冰草6P異源易位方法:通過選擇合適的誘變參數(shù)(輻照劑量為20 Gy,劑量率為0.5 Gy/min),對處于開花期的小麥-冰草6P二體異附加系4844-12植株進(jìn)行輻照,對獲得的誘變后代進(jìn)行基因組原位雜交檢測(GISH),從中篩選小麥-冰草6P易位系,易位頻率超過10%。2、冰草6P染色體分子標(biāo)記圖譜構(gòu)建:利用高效誘導(dǎo)小麥-冰草異源易位方法,獲得了一系列冰草6P染色體缺失系和小麥-冰草6P易位系,在此基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建了冰草6P染色體分子標(biāo)記圖譜。本研究將255個6P特異STS標(biāo)記定位到31個染色體區(qū)段上:119個STS標(biāo)記將6P短臂劃分為14個區(qū)段,136個STS標(biāo)記將6P長臂劃分為17個區(qū)段。同時,將13個6P特異SLAF標(biāo)記定位到相應(yīng)染色體區(qū)段上,其中3個SLAF標(biāo)記被定位到6P短臂,10個SLAF標(biāo)記位于6P長臂。3、冰草6P染色體缺失系的獲得與分類:利用殺配子染色體和輻照誘導(dǎo)的方法,獲得31個冰草6P染色體缺失系。通過GISH與分子標(biāo)記圖譜檢測方法,根據(jù)攜帶6P遺傳成分的異同,將31個缺失株系劃分為18個類型:8個長臂缺失系(短臂端體)、5個長臂末端缺失系(含6P短臂)、1個長臂臂間缺失系(含6P短臂)、3個長臂末端缺失系(不含6P短臂)、2個長臂臂間缺失系(不含6P短臂);6個短臂缺失系(長臂端體)、5個短臂末端缺失系(含6P長臂)和1個短臂末端缺失系(不含6P長臂)。目前,已獲得自交F7、M7和M3代自交世代、BC3F1回交世代及BC2F2回交自交世代種子。4、小麥-冰草6P異源易位系的分子細(xì)胞學(xué)檢測:通過高效誘導(dǎo)方法,本研究獲得一系列小麥-冰草6P易位系,通過多代回交與檢測,目前得到66個小麥-冰草6P易位系,最高回交世代為BC3F1代,回交自交BC2F2代。對其中31個易位株系進(jìn)行了FISH與分子標(biāo)記檢測:共涉及小麥6個部分同源群的12條染色體與冰草6P染色體發(fā)生重組:17、5和9個株系與小麥A、B和D組染色體發(fā)生易位,參與易位的小麥染色體有1A、4A、5A、6A、7A、1B、5B、7B、1D、3D、5D和6D。31個易位株系攜帶6P染色體不同/重疊區(qū)段,覆蓋整條6P染色體:15個易位株系攜帶6P短臂或部分短臂區(qū)段,9個株系攜帶6P長臂或部分長臂區(qū)段,7個易位株系同時攜帶6P短臂和長臂部分區(qū)段。并且,對7個整臂易位系和1個著絲粒融合小片段易位系進(jìn)行了著絲粒鑒定:4個整臂株系攜帶冰草著絲粒,3個整臂易位株系攜帶小麥著絲粒,1個著絲粒融合小片段易位系同時攜帶冰草和小麥著絲粒,為雙著絲粒易位。5、冰草6P染色體缺失系和小麥-冰草6P易位系農(nóng)藝性狀初步分析:通過對6P染色體缺失系多代穗部性狀調(diào)查,長臂端體結(jié)實要好于短臂端體,推測6P染色體長臂攜帶有控制多粒性狀的主效位點;31個小麥-冰草6P易位系中4個易位株系表現(xiàn)高穗粒數(shù)、1個易位株系表現(xiàn)高千粒重、3個易位株系同時表現(xiàn)高穗粒數(shù)和高千粒重性狀。除產(chǎn)量相關(guān)性狀外,利用冰草6P染色體缺失系,將6P來源的抗葉銹病基因定位到短臂末端區(qū)6PS-0.81-1.00。15個攜帶該區(qū)段的小麥-冰草6P易位系對葉銹病表現(xiàn)為抗病。本研究建立了一種高效誘導(dǎo)小麥-冰草6P異源易位方法,為小麥與其他近緣植株基因組間異源易位系的創(chuàng)制提供借鑒;構(gòu)建了冰草6P染色體分子標(biāo)記圖譜,為小麥背景下6P特定染色質(zhì)區(qū)段的快速追蹤與檢測提供分子標(biāo)記;獲得的冰草6P染色體缺失系,為6P優(yōu)異基因的染色體區(qū)段定位及結(jié)構(gòu)與功能分析提供遺傳材料;創(chuàng)制了不同類型的小麥-冰草6P易位系,為有效利用6P優(yōu)異基因提供了廣泛的遺傳基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:The genetic base of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n=6x=42, AABBDD) restricts the improvement of its yield and the improvement of its quality. The 6P chromosomes of the ice grass (Agropyron cristatum., 2n=4x=28, PPPP) carry multiple flower and multiple grain yield related traits, as well as anti leaf rust, white powder and other anti disease genes, which are introduced into common wheat to increase wheat genetic diversity. In order to enhance the resistance of wheat and increase the yield of wheat, this study uses the 6P two body heterologous line 4844-12 as the base material, using the method of gamma ray irradiation, using molecular cytogenetic techniques to create the 6P chromosome deletion line and the 6P Alien Translocation Line of the wheat - agrograss,.1, a highly efficient induction of wheat - ice grass 6P heterologous source. By selecting suitable mutagenic parameters (irradiation dose of 20 Gy and dose rate of 0.5 Gy/min), 4844-12 plants of 6P two body heterossoming line at flowering stage were irradiated, and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) was used to detect the obtained mutagenic progeny by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), and the frequency of translocation was more than 10%.2 and ice was more than 10%.2. Molecular marker mapping of 6P chromosome: a series of 6P chromosome deletion and wheat - ice grass 6P translocation system were obtained by efficient induction of wheat - ice grass translocation. On this basis, a molecular marker map of the 6P chromosome of ice grass was constructed. 255 6P specific STS markers were located on 31 chromosomal segments: 119 STS The tag divides the short arm of 6P into 14 sections, and 136 STS markers divide the long arm of the 6P into 17 sections. At the same time, 13 6P specific SLAF markers are positioned on the corresponding chromosome section, of which 3 SLAF markers are located to the 6P short arm, the 10 SLAF markers are located in the 6P long arm.3, and the 6P chromosome of the ice grass chromosome is obtained and classified: using the gametophyte chromosome and the classification of the chromosomes. 31 6P chromosome deletion lines were obtained by irradiation induction. By means of GISH and molecular markers, 31 missing strains were divided into 18 types: 8 long arm deletion (short arm end body), 5 long arm end deletion (including 6P short arm), 1 long arm inter arm deletion (including 6P short arm), 3 long arm deletions (including 6P short arm), 3 The long arm terminal deletion (without 6P short arm), 2 long arm deletions (without 6P short arm), 6 short arm deletion (long arm end body), 5 short arm terminal missing lines (including 6P long arm) and 1 short arm terminal missing lines (without 6P long arm). At present, the self intersection F7, M7 and M3 generation, BC3F1 backcross and BC2F2 backcross generation.4, Molecular cytological detection of wheat - 6P heterologous translocation system: a series of wheat - pagan 6P translocation system was obtained by efficient induction method. Through multi generation backcross and detection, 66 wheat - pagan 6P translocation system was obtained. The highest backcross generation was BC3F1 generation and backcross to BC2F2 generation. Of these, 31 translocation lines were carried out by FISH and molecule. Marker detection: a total of 12 chromosomes of 6 homologous groups of wheat and 6P chromosomes were reorganized: 17,5 and 9 strains of wheat were translocated with wheat A, B and D. The chromosomes involved in translocation wheat were 1A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 1B. Color body: 15 translocation lines carry 6P short arm or part short arm section, 9 lines carry 6P long arm or part long arm section, 7 translocation lines carry 6P short arm and long arm section. And 7 whole arm translocation lines and 1 centromeric fusion small fragment translocation lines are identified: 4 whole arm lines carrying ICER centromere, 3 The whole arm translocation line carries wheat centromere, 1 centromere fusion small fragment translocation lines carry ice grass and wheat centromere, which are double centromere translocation.5, 6P chromosome deletion line and wheat bice 6P translocation system preliminary analysis of agronomic characters. The long arm end body seed setting is better by investigating the panicle characters of the multiple generation of 6P chromosome missing lines. In the short arm end body, it is speculated that the 6P chromosome long arm carries the main effect locus that controls multiple grain traits; 4 translocation lines in 31 wheat - pagan translocation lines show high spikes, 1 translocation lines show high 1000 grain weight, and 3 translocation lines also exhibit high spikes and high thousand grain weight traits. Except for yield correlation, the 6P chromosome lack of ice grass is used. In this study, a highly efficient method of inducing 6P heterologous translocation for wheat - ICER 6P was established to provide a loan for the generation of heterologous translocation lines between wheat and other close plant strains, by locating the anti leaf rust gene of 6P from the end of the short arm. In order to provide molecular markers for the rapid tracking and detection of 6P specific chromatin segments under wheat background, the molecular markers of 6P chromosome marker in the background of wheat were constructed. The acquired 6P chromosome deletion system provided genetic materials for the location of chromosomal segments and the structural and functional analysis of the excellent 6P genes, and the creation of different types of 6P translocation of wheat and ice grass. It provides a broad genetic basis for the effective utilization of 6P gene.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S512.1

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