本文選題：核盤菌 + 致病力分化�。� 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：向日葵菌核病是由核盤菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)引起的向日葵生產(chǎn)過程中的主要病害,對世界各地的向日葵生產(chǎn)造成了很大的損失。本研究通過對內(nèi)蒙古巴彥淖爾市五原縣、寧夏石嘴山市惠農(nóng)區(qū)和新疆博爾塔拉蒙古自治州溫泉縣三個地區(qū)采集的向日葵核盤菌的致病力分化、藥劑敏感性、核盤菌菌核的形成過程以及cAMP和生防菌S-16、 CF4-51抑制菌核形成的機制進行了研究,得到如下結(jié)論：1.內(nèi)蒙古巴彥淖爾市五原縣、寧夏石嘴山市惠農(nóng)區(qū)和新疆博爾塔拉蒙古自治州溫泉縣三地的向日葵核盤菌均有致病力分化的情況；三地均存在一定比例的弱致病力菌株。2.室內(nèi)藥劑敏感性測定的實驗結(jié)果表明在新疆供試的核盤菌菌株中存在一定比例對多菌靈有抗藥性的菌株。3.向日葵核盤菌菌核的形成是從菌絲體單個細胞的分化開始的,而不是菌絲體互相纏繞,聚集而形成。4.H202在核盤菌菌核形成過程中起重要的作用。只有當(dāng)菌絲體內(nèi)H202含量高至一定水平時,核盤菌才能由營養(yǎng)菌絲生長階段轉(zhuǎn)變到菌核形成的Initial階段。5.核盤菌菌絲細胞內(nèi)cAMP的濃度是影響核盤菌菌核形成的關(guān)鍵因素。當(dāng)菌絲細胞內(nèi)cAMP濃度增加時,會抑制Noxl和Nox2基因的相對表達量,使得菌絲體細胞內(nèi)H202濃度降低,進而使得菌核的形成受到抑制。cAMP不僅通過調(diào)控H202的積累調(diào)控菌核從營養(yǎng)生長向菌核形成起始階段的轉(zhuǎn)變,同時在菌核從起始階段向菌核成熟階段的轉(zhuǎn)化過程中也起著一定的調(diào)控作用。6.枯草芽孢桿菌S-16不僅能夠使核盤菌營養(yǎng)菌絲生長異常,而且還抑制菌核的形成；S-16菌株通過調(diào)控Ac相對表達量,使得核盤菌內(nèi)部cAMP的濃度增加,進而負向的調(diào)控Noxl和Nox2的表達,使得菌絲體內(nèi)H202含量顯著降低,最終影響核盤菌菌核的形成。7.蠟狀芽孢桿菌CF4-51可使核盤菌營養(yǎng)菌絲異常生長；CF4-51通過正向調(diào)控Sod和Cat的相對表達量,進而使得SOD和CAT的酶活性增強,從而降低了菌絲體細胞中的H202水平,導(dǎo)致菌核的形成受到抑制。
[Abstract]:Sunflower sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) is the main disease in sunflower production, which has caused great losses to sunflower production all over the world. The pathogenicity differentiation and drug sensitivity of Sclerotinia solanum collected from Wuyuan County of Bayan Nur City Ningxia Shizuishan Huinong District and Wenquan County of Bortala Mongolia Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang were studied in this study. The formation process of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and the mechanism of camp and biocontrol bacteria S-16, CF4-51 inhibiting sclerotia formation were studied. The conclusions are as follows: 1. In Wuyuan County, Shizuishan City, Ningxia, and in Wenquan County, Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Inner Mongolia, Inner Mongolia has pathogenicity differentiation of sunflower sclerotia, and there is a certain proportion of weak pathogenicity strains. The results of laboratory drug sensitivity test showed that there was a certain proportion of strains resistant to carbendazim. 3 among the strains of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum tested in Xinjiang. The formation of the sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum began from the differentiation of single mycelium cells, but not from the twining and aggregation of mycelium to form .4.H202, which played an important role in the formation of sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum). Only when the content of H202 in mycelium reached a certain level could Sclerotinia sclerotiorum change from vegetative hyphae growth stage to initial stage of sclerotia formation. The concentration of camp in the mycelium of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was the key factor affecting the formation of sclerotia. When the concentration of camp in mycelium cells increased, the relative expression of Noxl and Nox2 genes was inhibited, which decreased the concentration of H202 in mycelia cells. Thus, the formation of sclerotia was inhibited. Camp not only regulated the transformation of sclerotia from vegetative growth to sclerotia formation by regulating the accumulation of H202. At the same time in the sclerotia from the initial stage to the sclerotia maturation stage of the transformation process also plays a certain role in the regulation. 6. Bacillus subtilis S-16 not only caused the abnormal growth of vegetative hyphae of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, but also inhibited the formation of sclerotia. By regulating the relative expression of ac, the concentration of camp in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum increased, and the expression of Noxl and Nox2 was regulated negatively. The content of H 202 in mycelium was significantly decreased, and the formation of sclerotia was affected. Bacillus cereus CF4-51 can increase the relative expression of sod and Cat through positive regulation of the relative expression of sod and cat, thus reducing the level of H202 in mycelium cells. The formation of sclerotia was inhibited.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S435.655

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