本文選題：玉米灰斑病 + 玉米尾孢�。� 參考：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：玉米(Zea mays L.)是世界上最重要的農(nóng)作物之一,與小麥和水稻并稱世界三大糧食作物。玉米不但是人類的主糧,更是飼料、輕工和醫(yī)藥等工業(yè)的重要原料,在國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中具有重要地位。玉米灰斑病是一種在世界范圍普遍發(fā)生并造成嚴(yán)重?fù)p失的病害,目前已成為我國玉米上的重要病害之一。1991年在我國丹東地區(qū)發(fā)生了由玉蜀黍尾孢菌(Cercospora zeae-maydis Tehon and Daniels)侵染所致的玉米灰斑病。長期以來國內(nèi)研究者一致認(rèn)為我國玉米灰斑病的病原菌都是玉蜀黍尾孢,而筆者于2010年在我國云南發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種由玉米尾孢菌(Cercosporazeina CrousU.Braun sp.nov.)侵染所致的玉米灰斑病。該病在云南地區(qū)病已造成嚴(yán)重?fù)p失,且有向北方地區(qū)流行蔓延的趨勢。目前,國內(nèi)外尚未見對該病害系統(tǒng)研究的報道,其發(fā)生流行規(guī)律不清,缺乏有效的防控措施,具有潛在爆發(fā)流行的威脅。對此,本研究采用植物病理學(xué)和分子生物學(xué)相結(jié)合的技術(shù),對該病的病害癥狀、病原學(xué)、病害診斷、病菌種群分布、病菌致病性、種質(zhì)資源抗病性、寄主抗病機制及抗性QTL定位等方面進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)研究,以期為該病害的診斷、監(jiān)測預(yù)警和有效防控提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。主要的研究結(jié)果如下:1.首次報道了玉米尾孢(Cercospora zeina Crous＆U.Braun sp.nov.)侵染引起的玉米灰斑病在我國發(fā)生。2010～2011年間,詳細(xì)調(diào)查了我國云南地區(qū)玉米灰斑病的發(fā)生及為害情況,觀察記錄了病害癥狀特征,并從云南昆明、大理、德宏、保山等地區(qū)采集了具有典型癥狀的玉米葉片,制成標(biāo)本。通過單孢分離獲得病原菌,對病原菌進(jìn)行了形態(tài)學(xué)、特異性引物鑒定和rDNA-ITS序列分析,并結(jié)合柯赫氏法則證病,證明云南地區(qū)發(fā)生的玉米灰斑病為我國首次報道的新病害,其病原菌為玉米尾孢。2.系統(tǒng)研究了玉米尾孢菌與玉蜀黍尾孢菌生物學(xué)特性的差異。對兩種玉米灰斑病病原尾孢菌的生物學(xué)特性進(jìn)行了比較分析,結(jié)果表明:兩種尾孢菌生長的適宜培養(yǎng)基、碳源、氮源、溫度及其分生孢子萌發(fā)的適宜溫度和pH值均有明顯的差異,說明兩種尾孢菌在生物學(xué)特性上存在明顯的差異。3.研究明確了我國玉米灰斑病病原菌的種群及其地域分布。2010～2016年,利用植物病理學(xué)和分子生物學(xué)技術(shù),對采自我國13省97市(縣)的玉米灰斑病樣品進(jìn)行檢測和分析,結(jié)果表明:我國的玉米灰斑病菌種群中存在玉蜀黍尾孢(C.zeae-maydis)和玉米尾孢(C.zeina)兩個種。玉蜀黍尾孢菌在黑龍江、吉林、遼寧、內(nèi)蒙古、山西、山東、陜西、河南、四川、湖北和湖南等省區(qū)均有分布。而玉米尾孢菌主要在云南、貴州、四川、湖南、湖北、陜西和河南等省區(qū)有分布,但有以云南為傳播流行中心向東、北方向擴散的趨勢。4.對300份玉米種質(zhì)進(jìn)行了抗玉米尾孢灰斑病和玉蜀黍尾孢灰斑病評價。建立了玉米尾孢灰斑病的人工接種抗病鑒定技術(shù)體系。鑒定了 300份玉米種質(zhì)對玉米尾孢灰斑病和玉蜀黍尾孢灰斑病抗性,結(jié)果表明:對玉米尾孢灰斑病表現(xiàn)高抗、抗和中抗的種質(zhì)分別有10份、100份和121份,表現(xiàn)感和高感的種質(zhì)依次有62份和7份;對玉蜀黍尾孢灰斑病表現(xiàn)高抗、抗和中抗的種質(zhì)分別有4份、33份和78份,表現(xiàn)感和高感的種質(zhì)依次有137份和48份。300份種質(zhì)中只有77份對兩種灰斑病的抗性表現(xiàn)一致,而149份種質(zhì)對兩種灰斑病的抗性表現(xiàn)截然相反,說明兩種灰斑病菌的致病性有很大的差異。76.99%的供試種質(zhì)對玉米尾孢灰斑病表現(xiàn)為高抗、抗或中抗,而61.67%的供試種質(zhì)對玉蜀黍尾孢灰斑病表現(xiàn)為感或高感,說明玉米尾孢對大多數(shù)種質(zhì)的致病力比玉蜀黍尾孢弱。5.研究明確了玉米尾孢菌侵染對寄主防御酶系活性的影響。利用抗病自交系De813和感病自交系R151Ht1A,通過人工接種的方法,研究玉米尾孢菌侵染后抗、感病玉米自交系體內(nèi)防御酶活性的變化,從生理生化的角度揭示玉米對玉米尾孢菌的抗性機制�？共⌒圆煌挠衩鬃越幌翟谖幢挥衩孜叉呔秩緯r,其防御酶(PAL、POD、PPO、SOD和CAT)活性略有差異,但差異不是很大;而接種玉米尾孢菌后,抗病自交系的各防御酶活性升高得明顯比感病自交系的更為迅速,而且抗病自交系的各防御酶活性峰值也比感病自交系的明顯要高,并且抗病自交系的防御酶活性能夠長時間地維持在較高的水平。說明抗病自交系在受到玉米尾孢菌侵染后生理生化反應(yīng)更為迅速、持久。6.對抗玉米尾孢灰斑病QTL進(jìn)行了初步定位。以抗玉米尾孢灰斑病自交系De813和感病自交系R151Ht1A為親本,組建了 F2分離群體,利用SSR-BSA法篩選與玉米尾孢灰斑病抗性連鎖的分子標(biāo)記,并利用F2分離群體(367株)來檢測所得的分子標(biāo)記與抗性基因的連鎖程度,以確定抗性基因在染色體上的位置。結(jié)果表明:在玉米1號染色體短臂的bin1.04-1.05處有1個抗玉米尾孢灰斑病的主效QTL,該位點位于標(biāo)記J91和J96之間遺傳圖距14.73cM、物理距離約為4Mb的區(qū)域內(nèi),與兩個標(biāo)記的遺傳圖距分別為8.03cM和6.7cM,該QTL可以解釋53.0498%的表型變異率,加性效應(yīng)達(dá)到-2.7218,顯性效應(yīng)達(dá)到-1.07。
[Abstract]:Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important crops in the world, with wheat and rice and the three largest food crop in the world. Corn is not only the main food of human, but also an important raw material in the feed, light industry and medicine industry. It has an important position in the development of the national economy. The disease of heavy loss has become one of the most important diseases on corn in our country at present. In the year.1991, the corn gray spot caused by the infection of Cercospora zeae-maydis Tehon and Daniels in the Dandong area of China. In 2010, a kind of corn grey spot disease caused by Cercosporazeina CrousU.Braun sp.nov. infection was found in Yunnan, China. The disease has caused serious loss in Yunnan area and has the trend of spreading to the northern region. At present, there is no report on the disease system at home and abroad. In this study, the disease symptoms, etiology, disease diagnosis, pathogen distribution, pathogen pathogenicity, disease resistance, disease resistance of germ plasm resources, host resistance mechanism and resistance QTL location of the disease were introduced in this study. In order to provide scientific basis for the diagnosis, monitoring, early warning and effective prevention and control of the disease, the main research results are as follows: 1. the first report of maize caudal Cyclospora (Cercospora Zeina and u. Sp.nov.) caused by the infection of Corn Gray Spot in China from.2010 to 2011, the grey spot of corn in Yunnan area of China was investigated in detail. The symptoms of the disease were recorded and the symptoms of the disease were recorded. The typical symptoms of maize leaves were collected from Kunming, Dali, Dehong, Baoshan and other regions of Yunnan. The pathogen was obtained by separation of monospora. The pathogenic bacteria were identified by morphology, specific primers and rDNA-ITS sequence analysis, combined with Kirsch's method. It was proved that the corn Grey Spot in Yunnan was the first new disease reported in our country. Its pathogen was the difference between the biological characteristics of caudal caudate.2. system and the biological characteristics of maize caudal cyclosporin. The biological characteristics of the two kinds of the pathogen of the pathogen of the pathogen were compared and analyzed. The results showed that two kinds of caudal cyclosporin were found. The suitable culture medium, carbon source, nitrogen source, temperature and the germination of the conidia were obviously different in the temperature and pH value, indicating that there were obvious differences in biological characteristics between the two species of caudal cauda, and the.3. study clearly defined the population and regional distribution of the pathogen of the pathogen of Chinese corn grey spot from.2010 to 2016, using plant pathology and molecule. Biological techniques were used to detect and analyze the samples of corn gray spots in 97 cities and counties of 13 provinces of China. The results showed that there were two species of Maize (C.zeae-maydis) and maize caudal spore (C.zeina) in the population of Chinese Corn Gray Spot bacteria. The fungus of corn was in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shandong, Shaanxi, Henan, four. Provinces and regions such as Sichuan, Hubei and Hunan are distributed, and caudal Cercospora is mainly distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei, Shaanxi and Henan, but the trend of the spread of Yunnan as the spreading center to the East and the north direction.4. has been evaluated for 300 maize germplasms. An artificial inoculation resistance identification technique system was established. The resistance of 300 Maize Germplasms to caudal caudal and corn caudal spotted was identified. The results showed that there were 10, 100 and 121 germplasms with high resistance, 100 and 121, and 62 germplasms with a sense of expression and high sensitivity. 7, there were 4, 33 and 78 germplasms with high resistance, 33 and 78, respectively. There were 137 and 48.300 germplasms, only 77 were in the same resistance to two species of gray spots, and 149 germplasms showed the opposite of resistance to two kinds of gray spots, indicating that two spots were found. The test Germplasms of.76.99% showed high resistance, resistance or moderate resistance to maize caudal Caulis speckle, and 61.67% of the tested germplasms showed a sense of sensation or high sensitivity to the blotch of corn caudal caudorum. It showed that the pathogenicity of caudate to most of the germplasm was better than that of maize caudal Cyclospora.5.. The effect of enzyme activity. Using the disease resistant inbred line De813 and the sense disease inbred line R151Ht1A, the changes of the defense enzyme activity in the maize inbred lines after the infection were studied by artificial inoculation, and the resistance mechanism of Maize to maize Caulis was revealed from the physiological and biochemical point of view. The maize inbred lines with different disease resistance were not The activities of the defense enzymes (PAL, POD, PPO, SOD and CAT) were slightly different, but the difference was not very large, but after inoculation of cauda Cercospora, the activity of defense enzymes in the resistant inbred lines increased significantly more rapidly than that of the susceptible inbred lines, and the activity peaks of the defense enzymes in the disease resistant inbred lines were also significantly higher than those of the inbred line. The defense enzyme activity of the disease resistant inbred line can be maintained at a high level for a long time. It indicates that the physiological and biochemical reaction of the disease resistant inbred line is more rapid after the infection of the caudal cauda Cercospora, and the persistent.6. against maize caudal ash spot QTL is preliminarily located. It is resistant to the inbred line De813 and the susceptible inbred line R151Ht1A. For the parents, the F2 separation group was established, and the molecular markers linked with the resistance of maize caudal cauda were screened by SSR-BSA method, and the linkage degree of the molecular markers and resistance genes was detected by F2 Separation Group (367 strains), so as to determine the position of the resistant gene on the chromosome. The results showed that the bin1.04- in the short arm of the maize chromosome was bin1.04-. There are 1 main effective QTL, which are located between the marker J91 and J96, where the genetic map is between the markers and the 14.73cM, the physical distance is about 4Mb, and the two markers are 8.03cM and 6.7cM respectively. This QTL can explain the 53.0498% phenotypic variation rate, the additive effect reaches -2.7218, and the dominant effect reaches -1.07..
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S435.131.4

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 楊引福;嫩玉米早上市玉米芯育苗好[J];北京農(nóng)業(yè);2000年04期

2 唐勁馳,曹敏建,佟占昌;不同品種玉米與小麥間套作的比較試驗[J];雜糧作物;2000年04期

3 朱浩軍;對平?jīng)龅貐^(qū)玉米品種更新?lián)Q代及布局的建議[J];甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)科技;2000年10期

4 袁伯英;鄭單14是個好玉米品種[J];河北農(nóng)業(yè);2000年03期

5 劉忠海,張忠軍,姜玉國;選購玉米品種應(yīng)遵循的原則[J];吉林農(nóng)業(yè);2000年02期

6 ;甜脆玉米品種簡介[J];農(nóng)村實用技術(shù);2000年03期

7 胡遠(yuǎn)富,李世貴,馮存貴;玉米不同品種子粒脫水速度測定[J];現(xiàn)代化農(nóng)業(yè);2000年02期

8 郭自偉;墨西哥青割玉米的栽培[J];現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè);2000年03期

9 ;水玉米問題有望解決[J];現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè);2000年04期

10 于風(fēng)剛 ,趙佳;種玉米算出了兩筆帳[J];中國農(nóng)墾;2000年08期

相關(guān)會議論文 前10條

1 宋鵬飛;王甜甜;毛培;羅梅浩;;不同玉米品種丁布含量及其與抗螟性的關(guān)系[A];華中昆蟲研究（第八卷）[C];2012年

2 劉祖蔭;;發(fā)展玉米的加工利用技術(shù)提高玉米的綜合經(jīng)濟效益[A];食品論文匯編[C];1985年

3 王春虎;陳士林;董娜;蔣愛鳳;;豫北平原不同施氮量對玉米產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的影響研究[A];中國農(nóng)作制度研究進(jìn)展2008[C];2008年

4 王宇翔;;玉米后期倒伏的易損性分析[A];天氣、氣候與可持續(xù)發(fā)展——河南省氣象學(xué)會2010年年會論文集[C];2010年

5 唐紅艷;;玉米品種精細(xì)化布局氣象服務(wù)技術(shù)[A];第28屆中國氣象學(xué)會年會——S11氣象與現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)[C];2011年

6 劉治先;;我國優(yōu)質(zhì)專用玉米的發(fā)展策略[A];2003年全國作物遺傳育種學(xué)術(shù)研討會論文集[C];2003年

7 劉治先;;優(yōu)質(zhì)專用玉米的發(fā)展策略[A];’2003中國作物學(xué)會學(xué)術(shù)年會文集[C];2003年

8 孫世賢;;種植業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整中的玉米生產(chǎn)問題[A];全面建設(shè)小康社會——中國科協(xié)二○○三年學(xué)術(shù)年會農(nóng)林水論文精選[C];2003年

9 劉翔;許志剛;;玉米品種對玉米細(xì)菌性枯萎病的抗性研究[A];外來有害生物檢疫及防除技術(shù)學(xué)術(shù)研討會論文匯編[C];2005年

10 李魯華;柳延濤;呂新;朱江;;綠洲玉米生態(tài)適應(yīng)性的研究[A];中國科協(xié)2005年學(xué)術(shù)年會“新疆現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)論壇”論文專集[C];2005年

相關(guān)重要報紙文章 前10條

1 吉林食品行業(yè)管理辦公室調(diào)研組;吉林玉米大省做大玉米文章[N];中國鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)報;2001年

2 記者 孔非;中國國際玉米產(chǎn)業(yè)博覽會九月在長舉行[N];長春日報;2007年

3 本報記者　　秦洪湖　　通訊員　　趙中文　　肖　松;為了金色玉米香飄世界[N];中國國門時報;2006年

4 本報記者 石巖;玉米品種多 購買早籌劃[N];河南科技報;2006年

5 楊婷;國家3億補貼玉米良種玉米價格將上揚[N];中國經(jīng)濟時報;2007年

6 孟寶林;玉米行情看好 今年莊稼咋種[N];牡丹江日報;2006年

7 吳守祥;玉米行情火爆的背后[N];期貨日報;2006年

8 吉林糧食集團(tuán)副總經(jīng)理 姜建華;玉米價格穩(wěn)中走高[N];期貨日報;2006年

9 李茜;玉米投資正當(dāng)紅[N];上海金融報;2008年

10 才春林;筍玉米因?qū)Ｓ枚碣F[N];農(nóng)民日報;2003年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 石紅良;我國不同年代玉米品種及其親本自交系產(chǎn)量和氮效率的變化趨勢[D];中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院;2014年

2 張紅偉;玉米耐低磷的種質(zhì)資源評價及耐低磷的遺傳基礎(chǔ)研究[D];中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院;2014年

3 劉永花;不同熟期玉米品種積溫需求定量研究[D];山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2014年

4 岳輝;玉米自交系低磷耐性遺傳分析[D];沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2015年

5 李春輝;玉米高密度重組圖譜構(gòu)建及耐旱相關(guān)性狀的遺傳解析[D];中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院;2015年

6 高慶華;玉米低植酸基因的初步定位和轉(zhuǎn)育應(yīng)用研究[D];河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2013年

7 李圣彥;玉米萜類合成酶基因TPS10表達(dá)調(diào)控的研究[D];中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2015年

8 翟立超;玉米品種競爭能力的評價與分析[D];中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2015年

9 曹國鑫;小農(nóng)戶糧食作物高產(chǎn)高效技術(shù)應(yīng)用限制因素及對策研究[D];中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2015年

10 毛欣;玉米芽種缽盤精量播種機理與裝置參數(shù)研究[D];黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學(xué);2015年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 李曉瑞;黃芪綠肥的品質(zhì)評價及效應(yīng)分析[D];山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2015年

2 江帆;復(fù)合Bt cry1Ac和cry1Ie抗蟲玉米抗螟性及其在IRM中的作用[D];中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院;2015年

3 李秀秀;玉米耐低氮雜種優(yōu)勢分析[D];中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院;2015年

4 高杰;不同玉米品種的適應(yīng)性分析[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2015年

5 劉歡;陜西及山西不同地區(qū)玉米營養(yǎng)價值檢測與霉菌毒素污染情況分析[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2015年

6 李瑞敏;高地隙玉米噴霧機施藥裝置的設(shè)計研究[D];石河子大學(xué);2015年

7 白翠瑩;玉米ZmPROPep1基因轉(zhuǎn)化及轉(zhuǎn)基因抗病聚合育種[D];華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2015年

8 吳文麗;施用三種肥料對不同復(fù)墾年限土壤Hedley磷形態(tài)及玉米產(chǎn)量的影響[D];山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2015年

9 葉慧香;轉(zhuǎn)cry1Ie基因抗蟲玉米對土壤微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)和土壤肥力的影響研究[D];華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2015年

10 殷鵬程;玉米株高和穗位高的QTL定位[D];華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2015年

，

本文編號：1983484