發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-28 03:41

  本文選題：小麥紋枯病 + 數(shù)量抗病性��； 參考：《中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：普通小麥(Triticum aesrivum L.)(下文簡(jiǎn)稱小麥)在糧食安全中占有重要地位,由禾谷絲核菌(Rhizoctonia cerealis)所引起的紋枯病對(duì)小麥生產(chǎn)構(gòu)成了嚴(yán)重威脅。例如,2015年我國(guó)小麥紋枯病流行面積將近1.4億畝,造成了大量產(chǎn)量損失。對(duì)于該病害的防治,培育并利用抗病品種可以減少化學(xué)殺菌劑的使用,是最經(jīng)濟(jì)有效、安全環(huán)保的措施。目前,國(guó)內(nèi)外在小麥種內(nèi)尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)紋枯病免疫的基因,但是從中鑒定的一些小麥品種(例如,CI12633、山紅麥、Luke、AQ)其病情明顯低于其它品種,表現(xiàn)出數(shù)量抗性的特點(diǎn),這是由數(shù)量抗性位點(diǎn)(QuantitativeTrait Loci,QTL)控制的數(shù)量抗病性。眾多研究表明,小麥抗病性位點(diǎn)的鑒定、克隆以及相關(guān)抗性因素研究對(duì)于后期的作物抗性育種實(shí)踐具有重要意義。本實(shí)驗(yàn)室前期構(gòu)建了小麥品種Luke與AQ雜交組合的高世代(F10)重組自交系群體(Recombinant Inbred Line,RIL),并從中鑒定并發(fā)表了7個(gè)在不同試驗(yàn)環(huán)境條件下穩(wěn)定表達(dá)的抗紋枯病QTL(QSe.cau-1AS、QSe.cau-2BS、QSe.cau-3BS、QSe.cau-4AL、QSe.cau-5DL、QSe.cau-6BL、QSe.cau-7BL)(Chenetal.2013)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,本文研究目的是,進(jìn)一步探討這7個(gè)抗病QTL與植株形態(tài)性狀、莖稈木質(zhì)素含量、及2個(gè)防衛(wèi)反應(yīng)基因的關(guān)系,從而明確這7個(gè)QTL的抗病原因,哪些抗性點(diǎn)具有非小種�；曰蚍蔷陮；远男┦峭ㄟ^誘導(dǎo)生理互作發(fā)揮抗性作用,從而更好地在育種實(shí)踐中利用它們的抗病性。為此,本研究進(jìn)行了以下4個(gè)試驗(yàn):第一,在前期工作基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步完善Luke ×AQ染色體DNA標(biāo)記遺傳連鎖圖譜,將DNA標(biāo)記數(shù)目增加到613個(gè),RIL數(shù)目增加到266個(gè),為小麥植株形態(tài)性狀QTL染色體定位提供了準(zhǔn)確可靠的基因型數(shù)據(jù);第二,于田間種植上述266個(gè)RIL,觀測(cè)它們的植株形態(tài)性狀(共15個(gè)),得到了共兩個(gè)生長(zhǎng)期的5次生物重復(fù)試驗(yàn)的表現(xiàn)型數(shù)據(jù),基于表現(xiàn)型數(shù)據(jù)和遺傳圖譜的基因型數(shù)據(jù),進(jìn)行了形態(tài)性狀QTL的染色體定位,并比較這些形態(tài)性狀QTL與上述7個(gè)抗紋枯病QTL之間的染色體位置關(guān)系,分析二者的遺傳相關(guān)性;第三,從934個(gè)高代RIL(F10)篩選得到了8個(gè)關(guān)鍵RIL,其中7個(gè)RIL各自只含有1個(gè)不同的抗紋枯病抗性位點(diǎn),第8個(gè)RIL不含有任何紋枯病抗性位點(diǎn),將上述8個(gè)RIL種植在不利于小麥紋枯病的發(fā)生且沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)該病發(fā)生的自然條件田間,于開花后取樣測(cè)定了植株莖稈組成型木質(zhì)素的含量,比較上述RIL組成型木質(zhì)素含量的差異,從而分析各個(gè)抗性位點(diǎn)與木質(zhì)素的關(guān)系;第四,于溫室種植上述8個(gè)RIL,在拔節(jié)期對(duì)其接種紋枯菌,接菌5天后取其植株基部莖段,采用qRT-PCR方法測(cè)定各個(gè)RIL的過氧化氫酶基因轉(zhuǎn)錄量和病程相關(guān)蛋白-1基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄量,分析上述7個(gè)抗性位點(diǎn)與這兩個(gè)防衛(wèi)基因表達(dá)的關(guān)系。主要得到了如下4個(gè)方面的結(jié)果:(1)在上述7個(gè)抗紋枯病QTL中,有3個(gè)位點(diǎn)(QSe.cau-1AS、QSe.cau-2BS、QSe.cau-6BL)與植株形態(tài)性狀相關(guān),可能并不直接抗病,而是通過控制植株形態(tài)特征,影響植株群體內(nèi)濕度等小氣候因素,不利于紋枯菌侵染蔓延,預(yù)期不存在小種�；曰蚓陮；詥栴},具有更為持久的抗病性;(2)其中的1個(gè)抗性位點(diǎn)(QSe.cau-7BL)與莖稈組成型木質(zhì)素含量相關(guān),它可能是通過提高木質(zhì)素含量,從而提高莖桿機(jī)械強(qiáng)度發(fā)揮抗病作用,因此,預(yù)期也不存在小種�；曰蚓陮；詥栴};(3)有3個(gè)抗性位點(diǎn)(QSe.cau-2BS、QSe.cau-3BS、QSe.cau-4AL)與過氧化氫酶基因轉(zhuǎn)錄量和病程相關(guān)蛋白-1基因轉(zhuǎn)錄量相關(guān),二者是植物抗病機(jī)制代表性標(biāo)志物,因此,這3個(gè)抗紋枯病QTL可以作為進(jìn)一步研究小麥抗紋枯病抗性機(jī)制的切入點(diǎn)或試驗(yàn)材料;(4)還有1個(gè)位點(diǎn)(QSe.caau-5DL)與上述各個(gè)因素均無確定的相關(guān)性,需要進(jìn)一步試驗(yàn)研究其抗病原因。
[Abstract]:Common wheat (Triticum aesrivum L.) (hereinafter referred to as wheat) occupies an important position in grain security. The sheath blight caused by cereal nucleocacal fungus (Rhizoctonia cerealis) poses a serious threat to the production of wheat. For example, the epidemic area of Wheat Sheath Blight in China in 2015 will be nearly 140 million mu, resulting in a large amount of yield loss. The prevention, cultivation and use of resistant varieties can reduce the use of chemical fungicides, which is the most economical and effective, safe and environmental protection. At present, there are no genes in the wheat species immune to sheath blight, but some wheat varieties (such as CI12633, red wheat, Luke, AQ) identified in this field are obviously lower than other varieties, showing that the disease is obviously lower than that of other varieties. The characteristics of quantitative resistance, which are controlled by the quantitative resistance loci (QuantitativeTrait Loci, QTL), have shown that the identification, cloning and related resistance factors of wheat resistance loci are of great significance to the later crop resistance breeding practice. In the early stage of the laboratory, the wheat variety Luke and AQ were constructed. In the high generation (F10) of the high generation (Recombinant Inbred Line, RIL), 7 anti sheath blight QTL (QSe.cau-1AS, QSe.cau-2BS, QSe.cau-3BS, QSe.cau-4AL, QSe.cau-5DL, QSe.cau-6BL) in different experimental environment conditions were identified and published. The purpose is to further explore the relationship between the 7 disease resistant QTL and plant morphological characters, the content of stem lignin and the 2 defense response genes, so as to clarify the resistance causes of the 7 QTL, which resistance points have non small specific or non specific specificity, and which are to play resistance by inducing interplant interaction, and thus better in breeding. The following 4 experiments were carried out in this study. Firstly, on the basis of previous work, the Luke x AQ chromosome DNA marker linkage map was further perfected, and the number of DNA markers increased to 613, and the number of RIL increased to 266, which provided accurate and reliable for the chromosomal location of the morphological character of wheat plant morphological characters. Second, second, we planted 266 RIL in the field, observed their plant morphological characters (a total of 15), and obtained the expressive data of 5 biological repeated tests in two growth periods. Based on the genotypic data of the phenotype data and genetic map, the chromosomal location of the morphological character QTL was carried out and the morphological character QTL was compared. The relationship between the chromosomal location of the 7 anti sheath blight QTL and the genetic correlation between the two was analyzed. Third, 8 key RIL were obtained from 934 high generation RIL (F10), of which 7 RIL had 1 different resistance sites for resistance to sheath blight and eighth RIL did not contain any sheath blight resistance loci, and 8 RIL was planted in unfavorable conditions. The occurrence of Wheat Sheath blight was not found in the natural condition of the disease. After flowering, the content of the plant stem type lignin was measured, and the difference of the content of the RIL type lignin was compared, and the relationship between the resistance loci and lignin was analyzed. Fourth, the above 8 RIL were planted in the greenhouse and inoculated at the jointing stage. The Rhizoctonia of Rhizoctonia Rhizoctonia was taken for 5 days. The transcriptional amount of catalase gene and the transcriptional amount of the course related protein -1 gene of each RIL were measured by qRT-PCR method. The relationship between the 7 resistance loci and the expression of the two defense genes was analyzed. The main results were as follows: (1) in the above 7 anti sheath blight disease QTL 3 loci (QSe.cau-1AS, QSe.cau-2BS, QSe.cau-6BL) are related to plant morphological characters. They may not be directly resistant to disease, but by controlling plant morphological characteristics, affecting the humidity and other microclimate factors in the plant group, which is not conducive to the infection and spread of Rhizoctonia. It is expected not to exist in small species specialization or strain specialization, which is more lasting. Disease resistance; (2) 1 of the resistance loci (QSe.cau-7BL) were related to the content of the stem component lignin. It may be by raising lignin content and improving the mechanical strength of the stem to play the disease resistance. Therefore, it is expected that there is no small specialization or strain specialization; (3) there are 3 resistance loci (QSe.cau-2BS, QSe.cau-3BS, QSe.cau). -4AL) is related to the transcription of catalase gene and the transcriptional amount of course related protein -1, and the two is the representative marker of plant disease resistance mechanism. Therefore, these 3 anti sheath blight QTL can be used as a breakthrough point or experimental material to further study the resistance mechanism of Wheat Sheath blight. (4) there are 1 loci (QSe.caau-5DL) and the above factors. No definite correlation was found, and further study on the cause of disease resistance was necessary.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S435.12

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