本文選題：濕地 + 碳儲(chǔ)量��； 參考：《北京林業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：近年來,由于不合理利用和區(qū)域氣候暖干化,濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了嚴(yán)重的退化,濕地面積不斷減少,質(zhì)量和功能持續(xù)下降,嚴(yán)重影響了我國(guó)的生態(tài)安全。通過文獻(xiàn)研究,本研究在探明我國(guó)沼澤濕地0-1 m土層中土壤有機(jī)碳儲(chǔ)量空間分布特征的基礎(chǔ)上,選擇若爾蓋高寒濕地(若爾蓋縣和紅原縣)作為研究區(qū)域,重點(diǎn)選取濕地土壤有機(jī)碳儲(chǔ)存這一生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能,探討全球變化背景下若爾蓋高寒濕地土壤有機(jī)碳儲(chǔ)量的時(shí)空變化。通過野外調(diào)研、室內(nèi)分析、模型模擬、統(tǒng)計(jì)分析等多種方法,開展若爾蓋高寒濕地土壤有機(jī)碳儲(chǔ)量時(shí)空變化分析。揭示了若爾蓋高寒濕地土壤有機(jī)碳儲(chǔ)量空間分布特征,定量評(píng)價(jià)了歷史時(shí)期挖溝排水和放牧強(qiáng)度改變對(duì)濕地土壤有機(jī)碳儲(chǔ)量的影響,預(yù)測(cè)了未來研究區(qū)內(nèi)濕地土壤有機(jī)碳儲(chǔ)量在不同情景下的變化趨勢(shì)。通過系統(tǒng)研究得出以下主要結(jié)果和結(jié)論：(1)研究區(qū)內(nèi)濕地土壤有機(jī)碳密度遠(yuǎn)高于全國(guó)平均值,在0-1 m土層中,若爾蓋縣和紅原縣濕地土壤有機(jī)碳平均密度為69.5 kg C m-3,是全國(guó)濕地土壤有機(jī)碳平均密度的3倍,全國(guó)土壤有機(jī)碳平均密度的6倍。垂直分布上,研究區(qū)內(nèi)濕地土壤有機(jī)碳含量和有機(jī)碳密度具有垂直分異現(xiàn)象,呈現(xiàn)出隨土壤深度增加而下降的趨勢(shì),較高值出現(xiàn)在0-0.3 m土層中,且顯著高于0.3-1 m土層。水平分布上,土壤有機(jī)碳含量和土壤有機(jī)碳密度具有較強(qiáng)的空間異質(zhì)性。在0-1 m土層中,研究區(qū)內(nèi)濕地土壤有機(jī)碳總儲(chǔ)量約為514 TgC,占全國(guó)濕地0-1 m土層中土壤有機(jī)碳總儲(chǔ)量的8.3%-10.2%,在全國(guó)碳循環(huán)中占有重要地位。(2)在1980-2010年間,盡管濕地處于退化狀態(tài),研究區(qū)內(nèi)濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)仍表現(xiàn)為凈碳匯,在0-1 m土層中土壤有機(jī)碳年均凈碳匯量約為0.25 t C ha-1 yr-1。但是濕地退化導(dǎo)致土壤潛在碳匯能力降低,研究結(jié)果表明,在1980-2010年間由挖溝排水引起的土地利用變化導(dǎo)致研究區(qū)內(nèi)濕地0-1 m土層中土壤潛在碳匯能力降低了0.49-4.051 C ha-1。盡管短期內(nèi)較高的放牧強(qiáng)度對(duì)土壤有機(jī)碳儲(chǔ)量具有微弱的促進(jìn)作用,但是增加放牧強(qiáng)度是該地區(qū)進(jìn)行挖溝排水的驅(qū)動(dòng)因素,綜合考慮增加放牧強(qiáng)度和挖溝排水對(duì)濕地土壤有機(jī)碳儲(chǔ)量的影響,增加放牧強(qiáng)度短期內(nèi)所帶來的增匯量被挖溝排水的負(fù)面影響所抵消。(3)在未來情景下,若爾蓋縣和紅原縣濕地0-1 m土層中土壤有機(jī)碳儲(chǔ)量呈現(xiàn)出增加的趨勢(shì)。較2010年而言,到21世紀(jì)末,研究區(qū)內(nèi)濕地0-1 m土壤有機(jī)碳儲(chǔ)量將增加15.80 (±7.43) Tg C,其平均土壤有機(jī)碳累計(jì)強(qiáng)度將增加21.38(±10.15)t Cha-1。與未進(jìn)行濕地修復(fù)的情景比較,濕地修復(fù)能夠顯著提高濕地0-1 m土層中土壤有機(jī)碳儲(chǔ)量,其固碳潛力約提高0.19(±0.01)t C ha-1 yr-1�？紤]到濕地巨大的固碳潛力,在全球變化背景下,在保護(hù)現(xiàn)有濕地的基礎(chǔ)上,應(yīng)加大對(duì)退化濕地的修復(fù)力度,實(shí)施濕地生態(tài)恢復(fù)工程,合理控制畜牧業(yè)發(fā)展,逐步恢復(fù)該地區(qū)濕地面積和功能,有效提高濕地固碳潛力,以期在緩解氣候變化中發(fā)揮濕地應(yīng)有的重要作用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, due to irrational utilization and regional climate warming, the wetland ecosystem has been seriously degraded, the area of wetland is decreasing, the quality and function of the wetland have been declining, and the ecological safety of China is seriously affected. Through the literature study, the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon reserves in the 0-1 m soil layer of China's marsh wetland is explored. On the basis of the characteristics, the Ruoergai alpine wetland (Ruoergai county and Hongyuan county) is selected as the research area, and the ecosystem service function of the organic carbon storage of the wetland soil is selected, and the spatial and temporal changes of the soil organic carbon reserves in the alpine wetland of Ruoergai under the background of global change are discussed. The spatial and temporal variation of organic carbon reserves in Ruoergai alpine wetland soil was analyzed. The spatial distribution characteristics of organic carbon reserves in the soil of Ruoergai alpine wetland were revealed. The effects of drainage and grazing intensity on the organic carbon reserves in the wetland soil were quantitatively evaluated in the historical period, and the wetland soil in the future study area was predicted. The following main results and conclusions are obtained through systematic study: (1) the organic carbon density of wetland soil in the study area is far higher than the national average. In the 0-1 m soil layer, the average density of organic carbon of wetland soil in Ruoergai and Hongyuan county is 69.5 kg C M-3, which is the average of the national wetland soil organic carbon. 3 times the density, 6 times the average density of soil organic carbon in the country. Vertical distribution, the vertical distribution of organic carbon content and organic carbon density in the wetland soil in the study area showed a tendency to decrease with the increase of soil depth. The higher value appeared in the 0-0.3 m soil layer and was significantly higher than that of the 0.3-1 m soil layer. The content and soil organic carbon density have strong spatial heterogeneity. In the 0-1 m soil layer, the total organic carbon reserves of the wetland soil in the study area are about 514 TgC, accounting for 8.3%-10.2% of the total organic carbon reserves in the 0-1 m soil layer of the national wetland, and occupies an important position in the national carbon cycle. (2) in 1980-2010 years, although the wetland was in a degraded state, The wetland ecosystem in the study area is still a net carbon sink. The annual net carbon sink of soil organic carbon in the 0-1 m soil layer is about 0.25 t C HA-1 yr-1., but the wetland degradation leads to the decrease of the potential carbon sequestration capacity of the soil. The results show that the land use change caused by the ditch drainage in 1980-2010 years leads to the 0-1 m soil layer of the wetland in the study area. The potential carbon sequestration capacity of soil decreased 0.49-4.051 C ha-1., although higher grazing intensity in the short term has a weak promotion effect on soil organic carbon reserves, but increasing grazing intensity is the driving factor of drainage drainage in this area. The effect of increasing grazing intensity and ditch drainage on the organic carbon reserves of wetland soil is considered. In the future scenario, the soil organic carbon reserves in the 0-1 m soil layers in Ruoergai and Hongyuan counties showed an increasing trend. Compared with 2010, the soil organic carbon reserves of 0-1 m m in the study area would increase by 15.80 (+ 7.43) Tg C than in 2010. The average accumulative intensity of soil organic carbon will increase by 21.38 (+ 10.15) t Cha-1. compared with the situation of non wetland restoration. The wetland restoration can significantly increase the soil organic carbon reserves in the 0-1 m soil layer of the wetland, and its carbon sequestration potential is about 0.19 (+ 0.01) t C HA-1 yr-1., considering the huge carbon sequestration potential of the wet ground, under the global change, under the global change On the basis of protecting the existing wetland, we should strengthen the restoration of degraded wetland, implement the ecological restoration project of wetland, rationally control the development of animal husbandry, gradually restore the area and function of the wetland in this area, and effectively improve the carbon sequestration potential of the wetland, so as to play the important role of wetland in alleviating the climate change.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S153.6

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