本文選題：甘藍 + 收獲機�。� 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：甘藍是一種結(jié)球類蔬菜,在我國大部分地區(qū)均有廣泛種植。目前,我國的甘藍收獲仍需依靠人工作業(yè),勞動強度大、人工成本高、生產(chǎn)效率低等負面效益正日漸凸顯。采用機械化收獲是解決上述問題最切實可行的方法。本論文以我國南方江浙地區(qū)的甘藍為研究對象,在甘藍物理力學(xué)特性研究的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合虛擬樣機技術(shù)與田間試驗,設(shè)計并試制了一種履帶自走式甘藍收獲機物理樣機;研究了適宜于機械化收獲的甘藍種植農(nóng)藝規(guī)范;開發(fā)了一套甘藍動態(tài)稱重系統(tǒng)。主要研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)論如下:(1)甘藍物理力學(xué)特性的研究。選取了江浙地區(qū)的主要甘藍品種,測量了甘藍的主要物理形態(tài)參數(shù)。統(tǒng)計結(jié)果表明,甘藍品種之間、同品種甘藍個體之間都存在著一定的差異性。基于化學(xué)分析儀器和萬能試驗機,進行了甘藍根莖部的切割部位試驗、切割力正交試驗、切割劈裂破損試驗。試驗結(jié)果表明,影響甘藍根莖部切割力指標的主要化學(xué)組成成分是粗纖維,最大切割力和平均切割力均與粗纖維含量呈線性關(guān)系,相關(guān)系數(shù)R~2分別為0.9491和0.9756,甘藍根莖部直徑為30～35 mm的區(qū)間為最佳切根區(qū)域。在甘藍收獲機切根裝置的設(shè)計中,應(yīng)考慮采用單點夾持方式,滑切和向下削切的切割方式,同時設(shè)置較低的切割速度;為降低單點夾持方式下的劈裂破損水平,建議切割位置在切割面直徑32 mm處,滑切角和切割速度分別設(shè)置成30°和300 mm/min的參數(shù)組合。(2)履帶自走式甘藍收獲機及關(guān)鍵部件的設(shè)計、分析與整機集成。在甘藍物理力學(xué)特性研究的基礎(chǔ)上,比較分析了甘藍收獲機的動力底盤行走方式、拔取方式、輸送方式、切根方式、剝?nèi)~方式,確定了履帶自走式甘藍收獲機的收獲工藝流程和總體方案。利用三維設(shè)計軟件和有限元分析軟件,設(shè)計了一種引拔鏟配合撥輪的鏟式拔取裝置,一種雙橫向輸送帶配合鋸齒式輸送鏈的輸送提升裝置,一種蓮座切割的雙圓盤刀式切根裝置,一種輥式剝?nèi)~裝置,以及液壓動力系統(tǒng),試制了甘藍收獲機物理樣機。經(jīng)過調(diào)試與改進,本論文的甘藍收獲機設(shè)計方案可行,各工作部件均運轉(zhuǎn)正常,性能穩(wěn)定,能夠完成甘藍的拔取、輸送、切根、剝?nèi)~、裝箱等基本作業(yè)。(3)履帶自走式甘藍收獲機的田間試驗與改進。提出了甘藍收獲機田間作業(yè)與性能檢測的方法,進行了6輪履帶自走式甘藍收獲機的田間測試試驗,完成了田間檢測。結(jié)合田間測試試驗結(jié)果,改進了甘藍收獲機的引拔鏟、防陷托板、雙橫向輸送帶、鋸齒式輸送鏈、切根裝置等關(guān)鍵部件的結(jié)構(gòu)與參數(shù)。檢測結(jié)果表明,該甘藍收獲機適宜收獲球徑為15～25 cm的甘藍,純生產(chǎn)率為0.21 hm~2/h,拔取率為97.4%,切根合格率為89.8%,剝?nèi)~合格率為88.2%,作業(yè)損失率為4.8%。(4)適宜于機械化收獲的甘藍種植農(nóng)藝規(guī)范的研究。對比傳統(tǒng)甘藍種植模式,提出了一種適宜于機械化收獲的甘藍種植農(nóng)藝規(guī)范,進行了不同種植模式、不同甘藍品種條件下的甘藍收獲機田間對比試驗。試驗結(jié)果表明,符合農(nóng)藝規(guī)范的甘藍種植有利于提高收獲機的作業(yè)性能,拔取率均值提高了 5.6%,切根準確率均值提高了 3.3%,而作業(yè)損失率均值降低了 6.4%;甘藍收獲機在收獲不同甘藍品種時表現(xiàn)出不同的作業(yè)性能,在收獲尖包形態(tài)的春豐甘藍時,拔取率均值比在收獲圓包形態(tài)的蘭州包時高出將近8.3%,切根合格率均值和切根準確率均值分別下降了 6.0%和8.9%,但作業(yè)損失率相差并不大。(5)甘藍動態(tài)稱重系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)。為了開發(fā)出甘藍收獲機的田間測產(chǎn)系統(tǒng),設(shè)計了一種基于動態(tài)稱重技術(shù)的甘藍稱重系統(tǒng)試驗平臺,包括機械結(jié)構(gòu)部分和基于LabVIEW的數(shù)據(jù)采集部分,完成了系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計、試制、調(diào)試、傳感器的標定與校準、有效稱重數(shù)據(jù)的提取。實驗室試驗結(jié)果表明,該系統(tǒng)在輸送速度分別為0.1m/s、0.2m/s和0.3m/s時,稱重數(shù)據(jù)與實際數(shù)據(jù)的R~2分別為0.9918、0.9874和0.9845,表現(xiàn)出良好的稱重準確性和穩(wěn)定性。本論文研制的履帶自走式甘藍收獲機,采用全液壓動力系統(tǒng),結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、設(shè)計合理,檢測結(jié)果表明該甘藍收獲機已具備甘藍機械化收獲的能力。提出的適宜于機械化收獲的甘藍種植農(nóng)藝規(guī)范,有利于提高甘藍收獲機的作業(yè)性能。開發(fā)的甘藍動態(tài)稱重系統(tǒng)試驗平臺,是后續(xù)實現(xiàn)甘藍收獲機田間測產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)。上述研究為我國甘藍的機械化收獲提供了理論與研究依據(jù),有助于我國甘藍的收獲朝著機械化、自動化、智能化的方向發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Cabbage is a kind of ball vegetable which is widely cultivated in most parts of China. At present, the harvest of cabbage in China still needs to rely on manual work, the labor intensity is great, the labor cost is high, and the low production efficiency is becoming more and more obvious. The most practical method to solve the above questions is to adopt mechanized harvest. On the basis of the study of physical and mechanical properties of cabbage in Zhejiang Province, a physical prototype of a crawler self walking Brassica harvester was designed and tested on the basis of the physical and mechanical characteristics of Brassica oleracea and the field experiment. The agronomic standard suitable for mechanized harvest was studied, and a dynamic weighing system for Brassica kale was developed. The following contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) the physical and mechanical properties of cabbage were studied. The main varieties of cabbage in Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas were selected and the main physical parameters of cabbage were measured. The results showed that there were certain differences between the cabbage varieties and the same species of cabbage. The experimental results show that the main chemical composition of the cutting force of the rhizome of the cabbage is crude fiber, the maximum cutting force and the average cutting force are linear with the content of the crude fiber, and the correlation coefficient R~2 is 0.9491 and 0.9756, and the rhizomes of cabbage are respectively. The section with the diameter of 30~35 mm is the best root cutting area. In the design of the cutting root device of the cabbage harvester, the single point clamping method should be taken into consideration for the cutting mode of slop and downward cutting, and the lower cutting speed is set at the same time. In order to reduce the splitting damage level of the single point clamping mode, it is suggested that the cutting position be at the cutting surface in the diameter of 32 mm, The sliding cutting angle and cutting speed are set up to 30 degrees and 300 mm/min respectively. (2) the design of the crawler self walking Brassica harvester and the key components are designed and integrated with the whole machine. On the basis of the physical and mechanical characteristics of Brassica kale, the driving mode of the power chassis, the mode of extraction, the mode of cutting, the stripping and the stripping are compared and analyzed. Ye Fangshi, determined the harvesting process and the overall plan of the crawler self walking cabbage harvester. Using the three-dimensional design software and the finite element analysis software, a shovel extraction device was designed, a double transversal conveyor belt conveyer chain with the sawtooth conveyor, a double disc cutter for the lotus seat cutting. Cutting root device, a roll type peeling device, and hydraulic power system, the physical prototype of a Brassica harvester is made. After debugging and improving, the design of the cabbage harvester is feasible, the working parts are working normally, the performance is stable, and the basic operation of the extraction, delivery, cutting, stripping and packing of the cabbage can be completed. (3) self walking of the crawler. The field test and improvement of the type cabbage harvester were put forward. The field test and performance test of the cabbage harvester were put forward, the field test of the 6 wheel crawler self walking cabbage harvester was carried out, and the field test was completed. The structure and parameters of the key components, such as the conveyor chain and the cutting root device, show that the cabbage harvester is suitable for the harvest of cabbage with a diameter of 15~25 cm, the pure productivity is 0.21 hm~2/h, the extraction rate is 97.4%, the cut root pass rate is 89.8%, the peeling rate is 88.2%, the operation loss rate is 4.8%. (4) suitable for mechanized harvested cabbage growers. Compared with the traditional planting pattern of cabbage, a kind of agronomic standard suitable for mechanized harvest was put forward, and the field comparison test of cabbage harvester under different planting patterns and Different Brassica varieties was carried out. The results showed that the planting of cabbage which was in conformity with the standard of Agronomy was beneficial to improve the workability of the harvester. The average value of the extraction rate increased by 5.6%, the mean of the cut root accuracy increased by 3.3%, while the mean value of the operation loss decreased by 6.4%, and the cabbage harvester showed different performance performance in the harvest of Different Brassica varieties. The average extraction rate was nearly 8.3% higher than that in the Lanzhou bag with the shape of the harvested round bag. The mean and the mean value of root mean and cut root accuracy decreased by 6% and 8.9% respectively, but the difference between the operation loss rate was not significant. (5) the development of the dynamic weighing system of Brassica oleracea. In order to develop the field measurement system of the cabbage harvester, a test platform based on dynamic weighing technology was designed, including the mechanical structure part and based on the dynamic weighing technology. The data acquisition part of LabVIEW has completed the system design, trial production, debugging, calibration and calibration of the sensor, and the extraction of effective weighing data. The laboratory test results show that when the transmission speed is 0.1m/s, 0.2m/s and 0.3m/s, the R~2 of the weighing data and the actual data is 0.9918,0.9874 and 0.9845 respectively, showing a good name. Heavy accuracy and stability. The crawler self walking cabbage harvester developed in this paper uses a full hydraulic power system with compact structure and reasonable design. The test results show that the cabbage harvester has the ability to mechanized the harvest of Brassica kale. The proposed agronomic specification suitable for mechanized harvest is beneficial to the improvement of the Brassica harvester. The dynamic weighing system test platform of Brassica oleracea is the basis for the subsequent implementation of the field measurement system of the cabbage harvester. The above research provides the theoretical and research basis for the mechanized harvesting of the cabbage in China, and is helpful to the development of the cabbage harvest in the direction of mechanization, automation and intelligence.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S225.92

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