本文選題：水稻 + 衰老��； 參考：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：衰老作為多細(xì)胞生物生命周期的最終環(huán)節(jié),一直備受關(guān)注。葉片衰老是植物生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的重要階段,伴隨著氮元素等有益離子從衰老的葉片中向幼葉等源組織以及種子等庫(kù)組織中轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)并重新利用,對(duì)種子萌發(fā)、作物產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)均有重要影響。同時(shí),葉片衰老也是植物適應(yīng)環(huán)境的重要手段。水稻葉片的自然衰老是從授粉開(kāi)始的,由于水稻種質(zhì)資源抽穗期上的巨大差異,直接以葉片衰老為靶性狀進(jìn)行全基因組關(guān)聯(lián)分析(GWAS)以克隆控制衰老的基因是十分困難的。茉莉素是被廣泛報(bào)道參與葉片衰老調(diào)控的重要代謝物,通過(guò)茉莉素含量的代謝組學(xué)全基因組關(guān)聯(lián)分析(mGWAS)或許能輔助克隆控制衰老的關(guān)鍵基因。本研究以221份水稻種質(zhì)資源為材料,測(cè)定了葉片中10種茉莉素的含量,發(fā)現(xiàn)了具有生物學(xué)活性的幾種茉莉素在秈稻品種葉片中的含量顯著高于粳稻。進(jìn)一步的mGWAS預(yù)測(cè)到13個(gè)位點(diǎn)可能調(diào)控茉莉素含量的自然變異。通過(guò)對(duì)其中最顯著的兩個(gè)位點(diǎn)的分析,我們推測(cè)編碼果膠甲基酯酶的OsPME1和編碼果膠甲基轉(zhuǎn)移酶的OsTSD2兩個(gè)基因可能調(diào)控茉莉素含量。通過(guò)檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)基因和突變體中茉莉素含量,我們鑒定了OsPME1和OsTSD2正調(diào)控水稻葉片中茉莉素積累的功能。通過(guò)在30個(gè)水稻品種中檢測(cè)表達(dá)量,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)秈稻中OsPME1的表達(dá)量顯著高于粳稻中,提示OsPME1表達(dá)量的變異可能影響茉莉素含量的自然變異。通過(guò)進(jìn)一步田間表型的考察鑒定了OsTSD2突變導(dǎo)致水稻葉片衰老的延遲,OsPME1的轉(zhuǎn)基因材料也出現(xiàn)了黑暗誘導(dǎo)的葉片衰老異常的表型。此外,外源添加Me-JA能夠回復(fù)tsd2突變體葉片衰老延遲的表型,這說(shuō)明tsd2突變體延遲衰老至少部分原因是茉莉素含量的降低。OsPME1和OsTSD2在生化和代謝途徑上并不與茉莉素合成相關(guān),最直接的功能分別是細(xì)胞壁果膠去甲基化和甲基化,甲基化的果膠是植物甲醇的主要來(lái)源,因此我們推測(cè)OsPME1和OsTSD2通過(guò)調(diào)控由細(xì)胞壁果膠去甲基化產(chǎn)生的甲醇影響茉莉素合成。我們首先通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)基因的方法驗(yàn)證了PME家族的另一個(gè)基因OsPME11和PME抑制子家族(PMEI)的一個(gè)基因OsPMEI-1都能影響茉莉素合成相關(guān)基因的表達(dá),這說(shuō)明影響細(xì)胞壁果膠甲基化程度的基因都能影響茉莉素合成途徑。進(jìn)一步向水培培養(yǎng)的水稻外源添加甲醇發(fā)現(xiàn),茉莉素合成途徑相關(guān)基因的表達(dá)受到甲醇的強(qiáng)烈影響,隨著甲醇的添加茉莉素含量也顯著提高。綜上所述,我們鑒定了甲醇-茉莉素代謝級(jí)聯(lián)在促進(jìn)水稻葉片衰老中的作用。
[Abstract]:Aging, as the final link of multicellular life cycle, has been paid more and more attention. Leaf senescence is an important stage of plant growth and development. With the transfer and reuse of beneficial ions such as nitrogen from the senescent leaves to the young leaves and so on, the seeds germinate. Crop yield and quality have important effects. At the same time, leaf senescence is also an important means for plants to adapt to the environment. The natural senescence of rice leaves begins with pollination. Because of the great difference in heading date of rice germplasm resources, it is very difficult to clone the genes that control senescence by using leaf senescence as the target trait of the whole genome association analysis (GWAS). Jasmine is an important metabolite involved in the regulation of leaf senescence, and it may be helpful to clone the key genes to control senescence by the whole genome association analysis of the content of jasmine. In this study, 221 rice germplasm resources were used to determine the contents of 10 kinds of jasmine in leaves, and it was found that the contents of several kinds of jasmine with biological activity in the leaves of indica rice varieties were significantly higher than those in japonica rice varieties. Further mGWAS predicted that 13 loci might regulate natural variation of jasmine content. Based on the analysis of the most significant two loci, we speculated that the OsPME1 encoding pectin methyl esterase and the OsTSD2 encoding pectin methyltransferase might regulate the content of jasmine. By detecting the content of jasmonin in transgenic and mutant, we identified the function of OsPME1 and OsTSD2 in regulating the accumulation of jasmonin in rice leaves. By detecting the expression of OsPME1 in 30 rice varieties, we found that the expression of OsPME1 in indica rice was significantly higher than that in japonica rice, suggesting that the variation of OsPME1 expression might affect the natural variation of jasmine content. Through further field phenotypic investigation, the transgenic materials with OsTSD2 mutation causing delayed senescence of rice leaves also showed dark induced abnormal phenotypes of leaf senescence. In addition, exogenous addition of Me-JA could restore the delayed senescence phenotype of tsd2 mutants, which indicated that the delayed senescence of tsd2 mutants was at least partly due to the decrease of jasmine content. OsPME1 and OsTSD2 were not related to the biochemical and metabolic pathways of jasmine synthesis. The most direct function is cell wall pectin demethylation and methylation, and methylated pectin is the main source of plant methanol. Therefore, we speculate that OsPME1 and OsTSD2 affect jasmine synthesis by regulating methanol produced by cell wall pectin demethylation. We first demonstrated by transgenic methods that another gene of the PME family, OsPME11, and a gene of the PME suppressor family, OsPMEI-1, could affect the expression of genes associated with jasmine biosynthesis. These results suggest that the genes that affect the degree of pectin methylation in cell wall can affect the biosynthesis of jasmine. It was found that the expression of genes related to jasmine biosynthesis pathway was strongly affected by methanol, and the content of jasmine increased significantly with the addition of methanol. In conclusion, we identified the role of methanol-Jasmine metabolic cascade in promoting senescence in rice leaves.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S511

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

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本文編號(hào)：1847397