本文選題：能量利用效率 + 生長豬　； 參考：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：本論文通過七個試驗測定了豆粕(n = 22)、菜籽餅(n = 3)、菜籽粕(n = 5)、全脂米糠(n =1)、玉米胚芽粕(n=1)、玉米麩質(zhì)飼料(n=1)、花生粕(n=1)和葵花粕(n=1)的凈能值并建立和驗證了生長豬蛋白原料凈能預(yù)測方程。試驗一測定了大豆來源分別為中國(n = 6)、美國(n = 6)、巴西(n = 7)和阿根廷(n = 3)豆粕的消化能、代謝能和凈能值(預(yù)測方程法),并建立了生長豬豆粕消化能和代謝能預(yù)測方程。選用69頭初始體重為53.1 ±3.7 kg的去勢公豬,采用一個連續(xù)兩期的完全隨機試驗設(shè)計,試驗共分為23個日糧處理,分別為1個玉米基礎(chǔ)日糧和22個含24.34%豆粕的試驗日糧。結(jié)果表明,大豆來源于中國、美國、巴西和阿根廷的豆粕的消化能分別為 17.54、17.74、17.45和 17.92 MJ/kg DM,代謝能分別為 16.84、17.04、16.70和 17.38 MJ/kg DM,凈能分別為10.00、10.18、9.92和10.35 MJ/kg DM。統(tǒng)計上不同來源豆粕的能值沒有顯著差異。最適的消化能預(yù)測方程為 DE = 38.44-0.43 CF-0.98 GE + 0.11 ADF(R2 = 0.67,P0.01)。最適的代謝能預(yù)測方程為ME = 2.74 + 0.97 DE-0.06 CP(R2 = 0.79,P0.01)。試驗二通過間接測熱法測定了玉米、豆粕、菜籽餅和菜籽粕的凈能值。選用24頭初始體重為36.4 ±1.6 kg的去勢公豬,試驗共4個日糧處理,其分別為1個玉米基礎(chǔ)日糧、1個玉米豆粕基礎(chǔ)日糧和兩個含有20%菜籽餅或菜籽粕的日糧。結(jié)果表明,玉米、豆粕、菜籽餅和菜籽粕的凈能值分別為12.46、11.34、11.71和8.83 MJ/kg DM。試驗三選取175頭初始體重為36.0 ±5.2 kg的生長豬隨機分到5個日糧處理,每個處理7個重復(fù),每個重復(fù)5頭豬,進行28 d的生長試驗以驗證試驗二中實測四種原料凈能值的準(zhǔn)確性。五個日糧分別為1個玉米豆粕基礎(chǔ)日糧和4個包含10%或20%的菜籽餅或菜籽粕日糧。結(jié)果表明,各處理間的凈能用于增重的效率沒有顯著差異,說明試驗二測定的四種原料的凈能值比較準(zhǔn)確。試驗四又重新測定了兩個菜籽餅和3個菜籽粕的凈能值并結(jié)合試驗二的結(jié)果建立了菜籽餅粕凈能的預(yù)測方程。選取36頭初始體重為41.1 ±2.2 kg的去勢公豬,試驗共6個日糧處理,其分別為1個玉米豆粕基礎(chǔ)日糧和5個含有19.50%的菜籽餅粕試驗日糧。結(jié)果表明,最適菜籽餅粕凈能預(yù)測方程為NE = 1.14 DE + 0.46 CP-25.24(R2 = 0.96,P0.01)。試驗五通過間接測熱法測定了全脂米糠、玉米胚芽粕、玉米麩質(zhì)飼料、花生粕和葵花粕的凈能值并結(jié)合試驗二、四和本實驗室前期的結(jié)果建立了蛋白原料凈能預(yù)測方程。選取12頭初始體重為32.4 ±3.3 kg的去勢公豬,采用兩個連續(xù)三期的尤登方試驗設(shè)計。每期包括1個玉米豆粕基礎(chǔ)日糧和5個包含29.25%全脂米糠、29.25%玉米胚芽粕、24.38%玉米麩質(zhì)飼料、19.50%花生粕或29.25%葵花粕的試驗日糧。結(jié)果表明,全脂米糠、玉米胚芽粕、玉米麩質(zhì)飼料、花生粕和葵花粕的凈能分別為12.33、8.75、7.51、10.79和6.49 MJ/kg DM。最適蛋白原料凈能預(yù)測方程為NE = 0.75DE + 0.043ADF-2.18(R2 = 0.89,P0.01)。試驗六測定了 DDGS、菜籽粕和葵花粕的消化能和代謝能并通過試驗五建立的蛋白原料凈能預(yù)測方程預(yù)測了該3種原料的凈能值。選取24頭初始體重為48.8 ±1.8 kg的去勢公豬,隨機分配到1個玉米豆粕基礎(chǔ)日糧和3個含有30%DDGS、20%菜籽粕或30%葵花粕的試驗日糧中,結(jié)果表明DDGS、菜籽粕和葵花粕的凈能分別為9.56、8.20和6.54 MJ/kg DM。試驗七選取144頭初始體重為52.2 ± 6.0 kg的生長豬隨機分到4個日糧處理,每個處理9個重復(fù),每個重復(fù)4頭豬,進行兩期共56 d的生長試驗以驗證試驗六通過蛋白原料凈能預(yù)測方程預(yù)測的3種蛋白原料凈能值的準(zhǔn)確性。試驗日糧包括1個玉米豆粕基礎(chǔ)日糧和3個添加15%DDGS、菜籽粕或葵花粕的日糧。結(jié)果表明,添加15%DDGS、菜籽粕或葵花粕不影響生長育肥豬的生長性能、胴體性質(zhì)和肉品質(zhì)。各處理組凈能轉(zhuǎn)化為日增重、胴體增重或胴體瘦肉增重的效率沒有顯著差異,說明本研究得到的蛋白原料凈能預(yù)測方程比較準(zhǔn)確。綜上所述,生長豬蛋白原料凈能變異比較大,豆粕、菜籽餅、花生粕和高油DDGS凈能值高于菜籽粕和葵花粕的凈能值。消化能、代謝能、粗脂肪和纖維成分可以準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測生長豬蛋白原料的凈能值。
[Abstract]:In this paper, we measured the net energy of soybean meal (n = 22), rapeseed cake (n = 3), rapeseed meal (n = 5), whole fat rice bran (n =1), corn germ meal (n=1), corn gluten feed (n=1), peanut meal (n=1) and sunflower meal (n=1), and established and verified the net energy prediction equation of the growing pig protein. N = 6), United States (n = 6), Brazil (n = 7) and Argentina (n = 3) digestion energy, metabolic energy and net energy value (predicted Fang Chengfa), and a prediction equation for the digestion and metabolic energy of growth pig soybean meal was established. A castrated boar with 69 initial weight of 53.1 + 3.7 kg was selected with a two-stage complete random trial design, and the test was divided into 23. The results showed that the digestibility of soybean meal derived from soybean meal from China, the United States, Brazil and Argentina were 17.54,17.74,17.45 and 17.92 MJ/kg DM respectively, and the metabolic energy was 16.84,17.04,16.70 and 17.38 MJ/kg DM respectively, and the net energy of the soybean meal was 10.00,10.18,9.92 and the net energy was 10.00,10.18,9.92, respectively. 10.35 MJ/kg DM. statistics showed that there was no significant difference in the energy value of soybean meal. The optimum prediction equation for digestive energy was DE = 38.44-0.43 CF-0.98 GE + 0.11 ADF (R2 = 0.67, P0.01). The most suitable metabolic energy prediction equation was ME = 2.74 + 0.97 DE-0.06 CP (0.79). The test two measured corn, soybean meal, rapeseed cake by indirect calorimetry. The net energy value of the rapeseed meal. The castrated boars with 24 initial weight of 36.4 + 1.6 kg were treated with 4 diets, with 1 corn basal diets, 1 corn meal basal diets and two diets containing 20% rapeseed cake or rapeseed meal. The results showed that the net energy of corn, soybean meal, rapeseed cake and rapeseed meal were 12.46,11.34, respectively. 11.71 and 8.83 MJ/kg DM. tests three pigs with 175 initial weight of 36 + 5.2 kg were randomly divided into 5 diets, each treated with 7 repetitions, each repeated 5 pigs, and 28 d growth tests were carried out to verify the accuracy of the net energy value of the four raw materials measured in the second test. The five diets were basal diets for 1 corn soybean meal and 4 respectively. There were 10% or 20% rapeseed cakes or rapeseed meal. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the efficiency of the net energy used for weight gain between the treatments, indicating that the net energy value of the four raw materials measured in the test two was more accurate. The net energy value of the two rapeseed and 3 rapeseed meal was remeasured in trial four and the rapeseed meal was established in combination with the result of test two. The prediction equation of net energy was selected with 36 castration boars with a initial weight of 41.1 + 2.2 kg, and 6 diets were treated with 1 corn meal basal diets and 5 diets containing 19.50% rapeseed meal respectively. The results showed that the optimum prediction equation for the net energy of rapeseed meal was NE = 1.14 DE + 0.46 CP-25.24 (R2 = 0.96, P0.01). Experiment five. The net energy value of full fat rice bran, corn germ meal, corn gluten feed, peanut meal and sunflower meal was measured by indirect calorimetry. The net energy prediction equation of protein raw materials was established by combining the experiment two, four and the results of the previous laboratory. The 12 initial weight of 32.4 + 3.3 kg boars were selected, and two consecutive three periods of eudeng trial were used. The results showed that the net energy of total fat rice bran, corn germ meal, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, peanut meal and sunflower meal were 12.33,8.75,7.51,10.79, respectively, with 1 corn soybean meal base diets and 5 experimental diets containing 29.25% full fat rice bran, 29.25% corn germ meal, 24.38% corn gluten feed, 19.50% peanut meal or 29.25% sunflower meal. The net energy prediction equation of the most suitable protein raw material for 6.49 MJ/kg DM. was NE = 0.75DE + 0.043ADF-2.18 (R2 = 0.89, P0.01). Experiment six measured the digestion and metabolic energy of DDGS, rapeseed meal and sunflower meal, and predicted the net energy of the 3 raw materials by the net energy prediction equation established by test five. The initial weight of 24 heads was 48.8 + 1.8. The castrated boar of kg was randomly assigned to 1 corn soybean meal basal diets and 3 experimental diets containing 30%DDGS, 20% rapeseed meal or 30% sunflower meal. The results showed that the net energy of DDGS, rapeseed meal and sunflower meal was 9.56,8.20 and 6.54 MJ/kg DM. test seven and 144 initial weight of 52.2 + 6 kg was randomly divided into 4 diets. To verify the accuracy of the net energy value of 3 protein raw materials predicted by the prediction equation of protein raw material net energy, the accuracy of the net energy of 3 kinds of protein raw materials predicted by the net energy of protein materials was tested for each treatment of 9 duplicates, each repeated 4 pigs. The experimental diet included 1 corn soybean meal basal diets and 3 diets added to 15%DDGS, rapeseed meal or sunflower meal. The results showed that the diets added to the diet were added to the diet. The results showed that the diets added to the diet were added to the diet of 3 D, rapeseed meal or sunflower meal. 15%DDGS, rapeseed meal or sunflower meal did not affect growth performance, carcass properties and meat quality of growing fattening pigs. The net energy of each treatment group was converted to daily gain, carcass weight gain or carcass weight gain was not significantly different. The net energy of the protein raw material obtained in this study was more accurate. In summary, the net energy of the growing pig protein raw material The net energy value of soybean meal, rapeseed cake, peanut meal and high oil DDGS was higher than the net energy of rapeseed meal and sunflower meal. The net energy of pig protein raw material could be accurately predicted by digestive energy, metabolic energy, crude fat and fiber composition.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S828.5

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