本文選題：香格里拉 + 干旱河谷�。� 參考：《云南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：香格里拉區(qū)域內(nèi)金沙江和瀾滄江干旱河谷,位于喜馬拉雅山東麓的縱向嶺谷藏民聚居區(qū)。十九世紀(jì)法國傳教士帶進(jìn)葡萄種植和釀酒,百余年來逐步拓展擴(kuò)大,尤其近年來種植結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整,釀酒葡萄種植遍布整個干旱河谷,初步形成新的高原葡萄酒產(chǎn)區(qū)。但由于該區(qū)域地處邊遠(yuǎn),交通不便,且海拔高、環(huán)境艱苦等因素,迄今尚未開展深入的系統(tǒng)研究。本論文系統(tǒng)地進(jìn)行了香格里拉干旱河谷的生境特點(diǎn)、在其生境下釀酒葡萄生長發(fā)育規(guī)律、主要品種生產(chǎn)性狀及品質(zhì)特征的深入研究,旨在為香格里拉干旱河谷藏區(qū)發(fā)展葡萄酒產(chǎn)業(yè)提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果及創(chuàng)新如下:1、首次明確了香格里拉干旱河谷種植釀酒葡萄的生境條件。本論文通過10個葡萄種植園兩年定點(diǎn)研究數(shù)據(jù),并結(jié)合周邊縣、鄉(xiāng)氣象站多年積累數(shù)據(jù),明確了與釀酒葡萄種植相關(guān)的生境條件。代表性試驗(yàn)點(diǎn)阿東村的測定結(jié)果表明:一是干旱氣候特征突出,年均降雨量低298.8-596mm,年均蒸發(fā)量高931~1 157mm;年均溫溫差大11.5~18.1,最高30.7~46.7℃,最低-6.9℃;年有效積溫在1 086。C~2 647.7 OC之間,年均總?cè)照臻L2 397~4 869h,年均紫外輻射強(qiáng)602-1 290W.m-2。二是典型砂石土壤,其容重(2~2.5 g.cm-3),石含量(6.4~48.5%),沙含量(30.7~80.1%),肥力水平適中,礦物質(zhì)元素鈣、鎂、銅、鋅、鐵、錳、硼、硫等含量豐富。三是空氣質(zhì)量一級(AQI26),氣壓低(766-800hPa),,CO2濃度為0.02~0.04%,氧氣含量低(19.7~20.3%),空氣潔凈度高污染少。四是灌溉水為雪融化水,水體化學(xué)需氧量低(8.46~47.86 mg.L-1)、生化需氧量低(3.26~57.9mg.L-1)、污染性有機(jī)物和大腸菌群含量低,蛔蟲卵均未測出,達(dá)到國家一級水質(zhì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。該生境條件適宜釀酒葡萄種植,但河谷地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、土地零碎化程度高、地域屏障大、交通不便,加之河谷流域長、海拔跨度大等制約產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的因素也較為突出。2、明確了香格里拉干旱河谷釀酒葡萄的生長發(fā)育及品質(zhì)特點(diǎn)。本論文通過兩年定點(diǎn)試驗(yàn)研究,明確了干旱河谷主要釀酒葡萄品種的生長發(fā)育規(guī)律和品質(zhì)特征。主栽品種赤霞珠的布村試驗(yàn)點(diǎn)研究表明:一是生長期長,從葡萄萌發(fā)到采收的生長期為183d,分別比山東蓬萊和四川西昌長18d和12d。二是成熟期長,從果實(shí)轉(zhuǎn)色到收獲為92天,分別比山東蓬萊和四川西昌長44d和30d。三是葡萄病蟲害發(fā)生輕微,霜霉病和白粉病部分年份偶有發(fā)生,病情指數(shù)僅在0.07以下,其他病蟲害稀少。四是果實(shí)較小,平均橫徑和縱徑分別為9.25 mm和8.26 mm,比山東蓬萊長寬分別小3.99mm和3.60 mm。五是葡萄品質(zhì)較高,布村數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果表明糖酸比為58.27,還原糖含量390.64 g.L-1,花色苷含量1.28 mg.g-1,比山東蓬萊和四川西昌糖酸比分別高40.07和23.61,還原糖含量分別高180.29 g.L-1和197.10 g.L-1,花色苷含量分別高0.42 mg.g-1和0.21 mg.g-1,香格里拉其他試驗(yàn)點(diǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)表現(xiàn)出豐富的特色。其他內(nèi)含物如醇類、酚類等物質(zhì)均有較大差異。本研究結(jié)果進(jìn)一步表明,香格里拉干旱河谷適宜發(fā)展優(yōu)質(zhì)釀酒葡萄產(chǎn)業(yè)。3、明確了香格里拉干旱河谷生境系統(tǒng)中主要釀酒葡萄品種的生產(chǎn)性狀。該河谷海拔梯度變化較大,地域屏障大,微環(huán)境差異顯著。本論文進(jìn)行了不同海拔主要釀酒葡萄品種生產(chǎn)性狀及品質(zhì)的試驗(yàn)研究,主要試驗(yàn)結(jié)果如下:1)玫瑰蜜品種在河谷中部的2200米試驗(yàn)點(diǎn)生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)狀及品質(zhì)優(yōu)良,在河谷邊緣的1860m和2800米海拔試驗(yàn)點(diǎn),因降雨較多或氣溫較低表現(xiàn)較差。2)赤霞珠品種選擇了2000m、2235m和2635m三個海拔點(diǎn)開展了試驗(yàn)研究,試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:赤霞珠品種在三個海拔試驗(yàn)點(diǎn)的生產(chǎn)性狀及品質(zhì)均表現(xiàn)優(yōu)良,總體適應(yīng)性好,其中2235m和2635m兩個海拔點(diǎn)的生長性狀及品質(zhì)表現(xiàn)更優(yōu)良。3)霞多麗品種選擇了2200m、2635m和2800m三個海拔點(diǎn)開展了試驗(yàn)研究,試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:霞多麗品種在2200m海拔點(diǎn)的性狀及品質(zhì)優(yōu)良,而2800m海拔點(diǎn)表現(xiàn)較差。這些結(jié)果進(jìn)一步表明,干旱河谷生境條件與品種特性相耦合,充分發(fā)揮葡萄品質(zhì)特色,為形成酒莊酒發(fā)展方向提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。4、闡釋了香格里拉干旱河谷釀酒葡萄的產(chǎn)量與品質(zhì)互作關(guān)系。本文試驗(yàn)研究了赤霞珠單株果穗數(shù)量與產(chǎn)量質(zhì)量的相互關(guān)系,在同田條件下,設(shè)置了單株8、12、16和24果穗的4個處理,試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,產(chǎn)量隨果穗增多而增加,果穗重量和果粒干重隨產(chǎn)量增加而減少,品質(zhì)成分如還原糖含量、黃酮類含量、花色苷含量隨產(chǎn)量增加而顯著降低。這也進(jìn)一步表明,香格里拉干旱河谷生境條件下,控制產(chǎn)量是提高釀酒葡萄品質(zhì)的重要措施。本論文首次系統(tǒng)地研究了香格里拉干旱河谷種植釀酒葡萄的生境條件,明確了其生境條件下釀酒葡萄的生長發(fā)育及品質(zhì)特點(diǎn),并明確了主要釀酒葡萄品種的生產(chǎn)性狀,試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了控制產(chǎn)量是干旱河谷釀酒葡萄提高質(zhì)量的重要措施。本研究結(jié)果不僅對香格里拉干旱河谷藏民聚居區(qū)發(fā)展葡萄酒產(chǎn)業(yè)提供了重要的科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù),且對地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,土地零碎、地域屏障大、海拔跨度高、生境多樣性等而形成的特色酒莊酒產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展方向提供了重要科學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The Jinsha River and the arid valley of the Lancang River in the Shangri-La region are located in the Tibetan people's settlement area of the longitudinal ridge Valley in the foothills of Himalaya. In nineteenth Century, the French missionaries brought in the grape planting and wine making, and gradually expanded for more than a hundred years. Especially in recent years, the planting structure was adjusted. The wine grape was planted throughout the arid valley, and a new high was formed. But because of the remote, inconvenient transportation, high altitude, and hard environment, this area has not been systematically studied so far. This paper systematically carried out the characteristics of the habitat in the arid valley of Shangri-La, the growth and development of wine grapes, the production traits and quality characteristics of the main varieties in their habitats. The purpose of this study is to provide scientific basis for the development of the wine industry in the arid valley of Shangri-La. The main research results and innovations are as follows: 1, the habitat conditions for the planting of wine grapes in the arid valley of Shangri-La were first made clear for the first time. In this paper, the data of the two year fixed-point study of the 10 grape plantations and the accumulation of the meteorological stations in the surrounding counties and the townships were accumulated for many years. The data showed the habitat conditions related to the planting of wine grape. The results of the representative test point of ardong village showed that the first was the drought climate characteristics, the annual average rainfall was low 298.8-596mm, the annual average evaporation was high 931~1 157mm, the average annual temperature difference was 11.5~18.1, the highest 30.7~46.7, and the lowest -6.9 C; the annual effective accumulated temperature was 1 086.C~2 647.7 OC. The annual average sunshine length is 2 397~4 869h, and the annual average ultraviolet radiation intensity 602-1 290W.m-2. two is typical sand soil, its bulk density (2~2.5 g.cm-3), stone content (6.4~48.5%), sand content (30.7~80.1%), fertility level moderate, mineral element calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, iron, manganese, boron, sulfur and so on. Three is the air quality level (AQI26), the pressure is low (766-800hPa), The concentration of CO2 is 0.02~0.04%, the oxygen content is low (19.7~20.3%), and the air cleanliness is very low. Four is the irrigation water is snow melting water, the chemical oxygen demand is low (8.46~47.86 mg.L-1), the biochemical oxygen demand is low (3.26~57.9mg.L-1), the polluted organic matter and the coliform group content is low, the Ascaris eggs are not detected, and the standard of the national level water quality is reached. This habitat is the habitat. The conditions are suitable for the cultivation of wine grape, but the geological structure of the valley is complex, the land fragmentary degree is high, the regional barrier is large, the traffic is inconvenient, and the factors that restrict the industrial development, such as the valley length and the high altitude span, are more prominent.2, and the characteristics of the growth and quality of grape wine and grape in the arid valley of Shangri-La are clearly defined. The growth pattern and quality characteristics of the main grape varieties in the arid valley were determined by the point test. The study of the main cultivated variety of Cabernet Sauvignon showed that first, the growth period was long, the growth period from the grapes to the harvest was 183d, which was longer than the 18D and 12D. two in Penglai and Xichang, Sichuan and Sichuan, respectively. The harvest was 92 days, compared with the 44d and 30D. three of Penglai in Shandong and Xichang of Sichuan, and three of the diseases and insect pests of grapes, and the occasional occurrence of downy mildew and powdery mildew in some years. The disease index was only below 0.07 and the other diseases and insect pests were scarce. Four were small fruit, the average diameter and longitudinal diameter were 9.25 mm and 8.26 mm respectively, which were smaller than the Penglai length of Shandong, 3.99mm respectively. The quality of grape was high, and 3.60 mm. five showed that the ratio of sugar and acid was 58.27, reducing sugar content was 390.64 g.L-1, anthocyanin content was 1.28 mg.g-1, which was 40.07 and 23.61 higher than that in Penglai of Shandong and Sichuan Xichang, respectively, and the reducing sugar content was 180.29 g.L-1 and 197.10 g.L-1 respectively, and the content of anthocyanins was 0.42 mg.g-1 and 0.21 mg.g-1, respectively. The data of other experimental sites in Shangri-La showed a lot of characteristics. The other inclusions, such as alcohols and phenols, were different. The results of this study further indicated that the arid valley of Shangri-La was suitable for the development of high quality wine grape industry.3, and the production of the main grape varieties in the arid Valley habitat of Shangri-La was clearly defined. The main test results were as follows: 1) the production status and quality of the Rose Honey varieties at the 2200 meter test point in the middle of the valley, and the 1860m and 28 at the valley edge of the valley. At the altitude of 00 meters, the Cabernet Cabernet Sauvignon varieties selected 2000m, 2235m and 2635m at three altitude points because of more rainfall or low temperature.2). The results showed that the production traits and quality of Cabernet Sauvignon varieties at three altitude test points were good, and the overall adaptability was good, of which two altitude points were 2235m and 2635m. The growth traits and quality performance were better.3) the Chardonnay varieties selected three altitudes of 2200m, 2635m and 2800m to carry out the experimental study. The results showed that the characters and quality of Chardonnay varieties at the altitude of 2200m were good, and the 2800m elevation points were poor. Coupling, giving full play to grape quality characteristics and providing scientific basis for the development direction of wine and Chateau wine.4, the interaction relationship between yield and quality of wine grapes in Shangri-La arid valley was explained. The relationship between the number of spikes per plant and yield quality of Cabernet Sauvignon was studied in this paper. Under the condition of the same field, a single plant 8,12,16 and 24 spikes were set up. The results of 4 treatments showed that the yield increased with the increase of fruit spike, the weight of the spike and the dry weight of the fruit decreased with the increase of yield. The quality components, such as reducing sugar content, flavonoid content and anthocyanin content decreased significantly with the increase of yield. This further indicated that under the condition of the arid valley of Shangri-La, the control yield is to improve the wine making and Portuguese. This paper first systematically studied the habitat conditions of winemaking grapes planted in the arid valley of Shangri-La, clarified the growth and quality characteristics of winemaking grapes under the conditions of their habitats, and made clear the production traits of the main grape varieties. The experimental results showed that the control yield was the improvement of wine grape in Arid Valley. The results of this study not only provide important scientific data for the development of the wine industry in the Tibetan populated areas of the arid valley of Shangri-La, but also provide an important scientific basis for the development direction of the wine industry with complex geological structure, fragmentary land, high geographical barrier, high altitude, and habitat diversity.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S663.1

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本文編號：1799857