本文選題：大白菜 + 抗病性��； 參考：《中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：蔬菜品種抗逆性、抗病性和品質(zhì)的優(yōu)劣是其成敗的要素。而相關(guān)性狀優(yōu)異基因資源發(fā)掘是實(shí)現(xiàn)分子育種的基礎(chǔ)。本研究以203份來(lái)源廣泛、類(lèi)型豐富的大白菜高代自交系為試材,進(jìn)行了耐抽薹性和5種主要病害抗病性的人工控制環(huán)境下的鑒定,篩選出一批優(yōu)良的大白菜育種材料;根據(jù)核心種質(zhì)的重測(cè)序結(jié)果,開(kāi)發(fā)了覆蓋全基因組的SNP標(biāo)記,并開(kāi)展了全基因組關(guān)聯(lián)分析,以挖掘控制這些性狀的候選區(qū)段;對(duì)28份大白菜自交系或雜交組合進(jìn)行感官品質(zhì)和營(yíng)養(yǎng)品質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià),并分析了兩者的關(guān)系,為大白菜育種提供借鑒。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.在6類(lèi)不同形態(tài)類(lèi)型的大白菜種質(zhì)中,以合抱卵圓型材料的晚抽薹性最好;獲得14份晚抽薹材料,其中以07-458和12-577開(kāi)花最遲,從春化結(jié)束到開(kāi)花分別需53天和41天。2.獲得高抗霜霉病、病毒病、黑腐病、黃萎病和根腫病的材料分別有7、3、0、28和12個(gè);兼抗2~4種病害的材料共計(jì)93個(gè),并從中篩選到12-85、13-108和09-894等15個(gè)綜合抗病性表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異的自交系材料。3.基于10個(gè)核心種質(zhì)的重測(cè)序數(shù)據(jù),開(kāi)發(fā)了覆蓋全基因組的1040個(gè)SNP標(biāo)記,并對(duì)203份材料進(jìn)行基因分型和遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)分析;群體被劃分為4個(gè)亞群,分別是合抱卵圓類(lèi)亞群、疊抱平頭類(lèi)亞群、疊抱直筒類(lèi)亞群和混合類(lèi)型亞群;親緣關(guān)系分析表明,自交系間兩兩親緣關(guān)系系數(shù)在0.2以下的超過(guò)92%,表明群體親緣關(guān)系較遠(yuǎn)。4.選用182份自交系材料組成的自然群體開(kāi)展晚抽薹和5種病害的全基因組關(guān)聯(lián)分析,分別獲得與耐抽薹性、開(kāi)花天數(shù)、霜霉病、病毒病、黑腐病、黃萎病和根腫病抗性顯著關(guān)聯(lián)的5、2、2、5、2、5和8個(gè)共計(jì)29個(gè)位點(diǎn)或熱點(diǎn)區(qū),為進(jìn)一步發(fā)掘候選基因提供了依據(jù)。5.以28個(gè)自交系或品種為試材,篩選出了7個(gè)感官品質(zhì)較好的自交系材料,并分析得到感官品質(zhì)回歸方程:生食綜合yr=0.3103+0.254x1(多汁度)+0.1762x2(甜度)+0.2216x3(脆度)+0.3199x4(鮮味),熟食綜合yc=0.2044+0.2509x5(渣量)+0.2469x6(甜度)+0.1825x7(綿軟度)+0.3231x8(鮮味)。通徑分析結(jié)果表明,多汁度和甜度對(duì)大白菜生食綜合評(píng)價(jià)影響較大;甜度對(duì)熟食影響最大。獲得營(yíng)養(yǎng)品質(zhì)預(yù)測(cè)的回歸方程yr=-32.1920+0.3893x1(水分)+1.1698x2(可溶性糖),yc=7.4971+0.7326x2(可溶性糖)-5.6688x3(有機(jī)酸)-2.1763x5(粗纖維),可以水分和可溶性糖對(duì)生食,可溶性糖、有機(jī)酸和粗纖維對(duì)熟食品質(zhì)進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)。
[Abstract]:The resistance, disease resistance and quality of vegetable varieties are the key factors of their success or failure. The discovery of excellent genetic resources for related traits is the basis of molecular breeding. In this study, 203 high-generation inbred lines of Chinese cabbage from a wide range of sources were used as materials to identify bolting tolerance and disease resistance of five major diseases in artificial controlled environment, and a number of excellent breeding materials were screened out. According to the resequencing results of the core collection, SNP markers covering the whole genome were developed, and the whole genome association analysis was carried out to mine candidate regions controlling these traits. Sensory quality and nutritional quality of 28 Chinese cabbage inbred lines or hybrid combinations were evaluated and the relationship between them was analyzed in order to provide reference for Chinese cabbage breeding. The main results are as follows: 1. Among the 6 types of Chinese cabbage germplasm with different morphological types, the late bolting was the best in the zygotic oval type, and 14 late bolting materials were obtained, of which 07-458 and 12-577 had the latest flowering time, and from the end of vernalization to flowering, it took 53 days and 41 days, respectively. The materials with high resistance to downy mildew, virus disease, black rot, verticillium wilt and root-swelling were obtained, and 93 inbred lines with excellent comprehensive disease resistance, such as 12-85Y13-108 and 09-894, were selected from the materials with high resistance to downy mildew, virus disease, verticillium wilt and root swelling respectively. Based on the resequenced data of 10 core collections, 1040 SNP markers covering the whole genome were developed and genotyping and genetic structure analysis were carried out in 203.The population was divided into 4 subgroups, one of which was zygotic oval subgroup. The analysis of genetic relationship showed that the coefficient of genetic relationship between inbred lines was less than 0.2, which indicated that the genetic relationship of the inbred lines was more than 92.4.The results showed that the genetic relationship between the two inbred lines was higher than that of the control group, and the relationship between the two inbred lines was less than 0.2, which indicated that the population had a far relationship with each other. The whole genome association analysis of late bolting and 5 diseases was carried out in 182 natural populations of inbred lines. The results were as follows: bolting tolerance, flowering days, downy mildew, virus disease and black rot, respectively. A significant correlation between Verticillium wilt and Rhizomegaly Resistance was found in 5, 2, 2, 5 and 8 sites, or hot spots, which provided a basis for further discovery of candidate genes. Seven inbred lines with better sensory quality were selected from 28 inbred lines or varieties. The regression equation of sensory quality was obtained as follows: raw food synthesis yr=0.3103 0.254x1 (juiciness) 0.1762x2 (sweetness) 0.2216x3 (crispness) 0.3199x4 (fresh taste), cooked food synthesis yc=0.2044 0.2509x5 (residue amount) 0.2469x6 (sweetness) 0.1825x7 (softness) 0.3231x8 (fresh taste). The results of path analysis showed that juicy degree and sweetness had great influence on the comprehensive evaluation of Chinese cabbage raw food, while sweetness had the greatest effect on cooked food. The regression equation yr=-32.1920 0.3893x1 (water) 1.1698x2 (soluble sugar) 7.4971 0.7326x2 (soluble sugar) -5.6688x3 (organic acid) -2.1763x5 (crude fiber) can predict the quality of cooked food with water and soluble sugar, soluble sugar, organic acid and crude fiber.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S634.1

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