本文選題：美國白蛾　切入點：微衛(wèi)星標記　出處：《北京林業(yè)大學》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：美國白蛾Hyphantria cunea隸屬于鱗翅目Lepidoptera燈蛾科Arctiidae,是一種重要的世界性入侵昆蟲,對我國農(nóng)林業(yè)生產(chǎn)造成了極大損失。本研究在開發(fā)美國白蛾微衛(wèi)星標記基礎(chǔ)上,通過調(diào)查分析美國白蛾在我國的傳播擴散歷史,結(jié)合微衛(wèi)星標記和線粒體基因,研究了我國美國白蛾種群的遺傳多樣性和種群遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)；進而分析了美國白蛾的入侵擴散路徑、地理距離、環(huán)境差異、山脈阻隔和防治措施等多種因素對遺傳分化的影響。主要研究結(jié)果如下：1、開發(fā)了美國白蛾的微衛(wèi)星標記通過微衛(wèi)星富集文庫的方法開發(fā)了48個微衛(wèi)星分子標記。將富集文庫中得到的序列分成Unique, UnBLASTable, Grouped和Redundant 4 f中類型,分析表明,Grouped序列不適合用于微衛(wèi)星引物設(shè)計。用來自3個種群的美國白蛾對48個微衛(wèi)星位點的遺傳多樣性進行檢驗。每個位點的等位基因個數(shù)從2到5個不等,平均為3個。觀測雜合度和期望雜合度分別為0～0.958和0～0.773。153個位點-種群組合中有18個組合顯著偏離哈迪-溫伯格平衡。此外,有一對位點表現(xiàn)出顯著的連鎖不平衡。在中性檢驗中,有兩個位點成為正向選擇的候選位點,而其他位點均為中性選擇。另外,還通過克隆微衛(wèi)星位點的等位基因,研究了這些位點的變異模式,檢驗了FsT和RST兩種種群分化的算法在不同變異模式下的表現(xiàn),發(fā)現(xiàn)FsT更加穩(wěn)定。本研究開發(fā)的微衛(wèi)星引物,為美國白蛾種群遺傳學研究奠定了基礎(chǔ)。2、調(diào)查和分析了美國白蛾的擴張歷史通過文獻調(diào)研的方法分析了美國白蛾新增疫區(qū)的數(shù)量、空間分布和范圍隨時間的變化,重現(xiàn)了美國白蛾在我國的擴散歷史和傳播路徑。美國白蛾在入侵我國的最初25年里擴散速度較慢,1998-2003年有一個比較明顯的遲滯階段,而最近10年擴散速度突然加快。初步分析認為,美國白蛾傳播擴散過程可能受到人類活動、防治措旋、地理阻隔和氣候等多種因素的影響。研究結(jié)果為開展該害蟲的入侵生物學研究和相關(guān)進化生物學和種群遺傳學問題的驗證提供了有利條件。3、闡明了中國美國白蛾種群的遺傳多樣性和群體遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)及其影響因素為研究中國的美國白蛾種群入侵擴散歷史和遺傳變異的關(guān)聯(lián),以及地理距離、環(huán)境差異、防治措施等對遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)的影響,本研究選取18個微衛(wèi)星標記檢測了24個中國種群和2個起源地種群共657個標本的基因型,并對其中70個個體的線粒體DNA進行了測序。分別用系統(tǒng)樹、貝葉斯聚類(STRUCTURE, GENELAND和TESS)和多元主成分分析的方法分析了種群遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)；用近貝葉斯(ABC)的方法檢驗了不同入侵歷史的假設(shè)情形；用多重矩陣隨機化回歸方法評估了地理距離和環(huán)境差異對遺傳分化的相對貢獻。結(jié)果表明,中國種群的平均等位基因豐富度和線粒體單倍型多樣性遠低于美國原產(chǎn)地種群,說明美國白蛾在入侵過程中發(fā)生了顯著的瓶頸效應(yīng)；根據(jù)核基因標記分析發(fā)現(xiàn),我國的美國白蛾種群有東部和西部兩個不同的亞種群,并在二者之間形成接觸區(qū)；ABC分析表明,美國白蛾入侵我國之后發(fā)生了向西的種群擴張；地理距離比環(huán)境差異對遺傳分化的貢獻更大,且地理阻隔更有可能限制了兩個亞種群間的基因流。通過將遺傳學數(shù)據(jù)和種群擴張的歷史記錄相結(jié)合,發(fā)現(xiàn)地理阻隔和大規(guī)模防控可能導致了兩個亞種群的形成和維持。
[Abstract]:The American white moth Hyphantria cunea belongs to Lepidoptera Noctuidae Lepidoptera Arctiidae, is a kind of important world invasion insects, on China's agriculture and forestry production caused great losses. In this study, the development of American white Ewei microsatellite markers on the basis of analysis of the history of American white moth spread spread in China through investigation, combined with micro satellite markers and mitochondrial genes, genetic studies of Chinese American white moth population diversity and population genetic structure; and then analyzes the intrusion of hyphantriacunea diffusion path, geographical distance, environmental difference, various factors and preventive measures of mountains on genetic differentiation. The main results are as follows: 1 microsatellite markers the development of American white moth by microsatellite enriched library method developed 48 microsatellite markers. The sequences obtained in the enriched library is divided into Unique, UnBLASTable, Grouped and Redu Ndant analysis of 4 f types, showed that the Grouped sequence is not suitable for microsatellite primer design. Tested by genetic diversity from 3 populations of American white moth on 48 microsatellite loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 5, with an average of 3. Observed heterozygosity and the expected heterozygosity were 0 ~ 0.958 and 0 ~ 0.773.153 loci in 18 populations - combination combination of significant deviations from Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. In addition, there is a pair of loci showed significant linkage disequilibrium. In neutral test, there were two loci candidate sites for positive selection, and other sites are neutral. In addition, the cloning of microsatellite loci alleles, study the variation patterns of these loci, FsT and RST to test the performance of two kinds of population differentiation algorithm in different variation mode, found that FsT is more stable. The research and development of micro satellite Star primer,.2 provides a basis for the research of American white moth population genetics, investigation and analysis of hyphantriacunea expansion history analysis of the number of American white moth new epidemic areas through the methods of literature research, spatial distribution and scope changes with time, reproduce the American white moth in China's history and diffusion path of propagation. The slow diffusion of American white moth in the first 25 years of the invasion of China, there is an obvious lag phase of 1998-2003 years, and the last 10 years the diffusion speed suddenly accelerated. The preliminary analysis shows that the American white moth dispersal process may be affected by human activities, preventivemeasures, various influence factors of geographic and climate etc. the research results have provided favorable conditions to carry out the.3 to verify the pest invasion biology of evolutionary biology and population genetics and related issues, clarify the China of American white moth population genetic diversity The factors of population genetic structure and its influence on China cunea population invasion and genetic variation history association, and geographical distance, environmental difference, effect of control measures on the genetic structure, this study selected 18 microsatellite markers to detect the genotypes of 24 Chinese population and 2 populations of origin 657 specimens, of which 70 individual mitochondrial DNA were sequenced. Phylogenetic trees were used to cluster (STRUCTURE, GENELAND, Bias and TESS) and the method of multivariate analysis of principal component analysis of population genetic structure; near Bias (ABC) method to test the hypothetical situation different invasion history; evaluation the relative contribution of geographical distance and environmental differences on genetic differentiation using multiple regression matrix randomization method. The results show that Chinese population average allelic richness and mitochondrial haplotype diversity is The origin of the population than the United States, that the American white moth happened bottleneck effect in the invasion process; according to the nuclear gene marker analysis found that China's population of American white moth in eastern and western two different subspecies, and formed in the contact zone between the two; ABC analysis showed that after the invasion of American white moth China has undergone population expansion westward; with geographical distance than the environment differences on the genetic differentiation of more and more geographic may limit the two subspecies groups. The gene flow and genetic data of population expansion history combining found geographical barriers and large-scale prevention and control may lead to the formation of two subspecies group and maintain.

【學位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S763.42
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本文編號：1686599