本文選題：草莓　切入點：酚酸　出處：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：酚酸類物質(zhì)的化感作用是造成作物連作障礙的重要因素之-。為探討酚酸類物質(zhì)在草莓連作障礙中的作用,本研究以草莓‘紅顏’品種Eragaria ananassa Duch.'Benihoppe')為試材,采用水培、盆栽及其離體條件相結(jié)合的方法,首先分析了草莓植株全生育期中根系分泌酚酸的種類、數(shù)量及其變化,然后闡明了不同酚酸對離體條件下草莓專化型尖孢鐮刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum. f. sp. fragariae)、草莓膠孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)菌絲生長和孢子萌發(fā)的影響及盆栽條件下對外源酚酸功能進行了驗證,最后研究了土壤滅菌、施用不同肥料、不同作物殘體腐解物、不同種類蚯蚓對土壤酚酸及草莓植株生長的調(diào)控。本研究主要目的是為草莓連作障礙生物綜合調(diào)控提供理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)指導(dǎo)。主要研究結(jié)果如下： 1利用HPLC技術(shù)檢測出草莓植株根際土壤中所含酚酸主要有：沒食子酸、原兒茶酸、綠原酸、對羥基苯甲酸、咖啡酸、紫丁香酸、香草醛、對香豆酸、阿魏酸、肉桂酸。對香豆酸、阿魏酸為含量相對較高的酚酸。隨著草莓植株生長發(fā)育,阿魏酸、沒食子酸、原兒茶酸和綠原酸含量逐漸減少,對香豆酸、對羥基苯甲酸及總酚含量逐漸增加,其余可檢測酚酸含量相對穩(wěn)定。離體條件下外源添加低濃度(100mg L-1)阿魏酸促進草莓專化型尖孢鐮刀菌孢子萌發(fā)。外源對香豆酸在低濃度(25mg L-1)抑制草莓專化型尖孢鐮刀菌孢子萌發(fā)但促進菌絲生長(100mgL-1)。苗期根際土壤較高濃度阿魏酸可能是草莓幼苗移栽后容易發(fā)生鐮刀菌枯萎病的原因之一 3革莓耕作層土壤和草莓莖葉腐解物含有的主要酚酸為對香豆酸和阿魏酸。外源施用對香豆酸和阿魏酸(25μg-1干土)促進草莓根莖腐炭疽病發(fā)生,但是,當(dāng)酚酸濃度高于各自某一濃度閾值時,高濃度對香豆酸和阿魏酸能緩解草莓根莖腐炭疽病發(fā)生但高濃度阿魏酸也顯著抑制根系生長。酚酸對草莓根莖腐炭疽病的發(fā)生和根系生長的影響是濃度依賴型的,存在低濃度促進高濃度抑制現(xiàn)象,病原微生物膠孢炭疽菌較草莓植株根系生長對酚酸化感物質(zhì)濃度更加敏感,在對草莓植株根系直接的毒害作用還未發(fā)生時化感物質(zhì)已間接開始影響病原菌的活性。通過增加耕作層土壤反式肉桂酸的含量,在不影響根系生長條件下能減輕草莓根莖腐炭疽病的發(fā)生。 4土壤滅菌處理較正常土壤栽培抑制草莓苗期地下部生長,植株不同發(fā)育階段根冠比發(fā)生變化。草莓連作土壤滅菌后施用無機肥處理較施用有機肥處理顯著(P0.05)抑制根系生長,滅菌后施用蚯蚓糞較施用牛糞顯著促進根系生長。連作土壤滅菌及施用有機肥料處理促進草莓植株地下部根系生長同時也促進草莓植株根系分泌酚酸的增加,施用蚯蚓糞較牛糞能顯著降低根際土壤酚酸含量。連作土壤滅菌處理后施用不同肥料對土壤不同種類酶活性影響不同。 5在外源接種高濃度病原菌孢子條件下,相對于對照及其它腐解材料,高粱莖葉腐解物能顯著降低(P0.05)草莓植株炭疽病病情指數(shù),但是其顯著(P0.05)抑制草莓植株根系生長。西蘭花莖葉腐解物顯著促進炭疽病的發(fā)生及抑制根系的生長。高粱莖葉腐解產(chǎn)生的高濃度的對香豆酸是高梁莖葉腐解物能緩解草莓根莖腐炭疽病的機制之一。 6土壤中接種蚯蚓能夠降低草莓莖葉和根系殘體腐解物產(chǎn)生的酚酸類化感物質(zhì)。不同種類蚯蚓對殘體腐解物酚酸的降解效果不同。
[Abstract]:The allelopathic effect of phenolic acids is an important factor causing continuous cropping. In order to investigate the effect of phenolic acids in the replant disease of strawberry, strawberry "Confidante" based on the varieties of Eragaria ananassa Duch.'Benihoppe') as test materials, using hydroponics, potted method and in vitro combination, first analyzes the roots of strawberry the plant in the whole growth period the secretion of phenolic acids, quantity and change, and then illustrates the different phenolic acids on vitro strawberry biotypes of Fusarium oxysporum (Fusarium oxysporum. F. sp. fragariae), strawberry Colletotrichum anthrax bacteria (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) effect of mycelium growth and spore germination and potted under the condition of external source phenolic acid functions were verified, finally studied soil sterilization, different fertilizers, different crop residue decomposition, different earthworm growth on soil phenolic acids and strawberry plants The main purpose of this study is to provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for the integrated biological control of strawberry continuous cropping obstacle. The main results are as follows:
1 using HPLC technology to detect the rhizosphere soil of strawberry plants contained phenolic acids are: gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid content of phenolic acid relatively high. With the growth and development of strawberry plants, ferulic acid, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid and chlorogenic acid content decreased, p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and total phenol content increased gradually, the detection of phenolic acid content is relatively stable. In vitro by adding low concentration of ferulic acid (100mg L-1) to promote the specialization of strawberry Fusarium oxysporum spore germination. Exogenous p-coumaric acid at low concentration (25mg L-1) inhibited strawberry biotypes of Fusarium oxysporum spore germination but promote mycelium growth (100mgL-1). The seedling rhizosphere soil of high concentration of ferulic acid could be strawberry seedlings after transplanting easily One of the reasons for the occurrence of Fusarium Wilt
The main phenolic acid of 3 strawberry cultivation soils and strawberry stem leaf decomposition with the p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid. Exogenous p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid (25 g-1 dry soil) promote root rot strawberry anthracnose, however, when the concentration is higher than the respective salvianolic acid a concentration threshold and the high concentration of p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid can alleviate but high concentration of ferulic acid also significantly inhibited root growth of strawberry root rot occurrence of anthracnose. Effects of phenolic acids on strawberry root rot and root growth of C.gloeosporioides was concentration dependent, the presence of low concentrations of high concentration promote inhibition of pathogenic micro-organisms glue anthracnose pathogens of strawberry root growth than the phenol concentration and acidification of strawberry plants more sensitive in root the direct damage has not occurred when allelochemicals have been indirectly started to influence the activity of pathogenic bacteria. By increasing soil containing trans cinnamic acid It could reduce the occurrence of strawberry rhizomatous anthracnose without affecting the growth of root system.
4 soil sterilization than normal soil cultivation inhibited strawberry seedling root growth, plant at different developmental stages of root / shoot ratio changed. Strawberry sterilized continuous cropping soil application of inorganic fertilizer with organic manure (P0.05) significantly inhibited root growth significantly after sterilization application of vermicompost application of cow dung is promoted root growth. Soil sterilization and application organic fertilizer treatment increased the root growth of strawberry plants underground also promote strawberry plants root exudation of phenolic acids, application of vermicompost with manure could significantly reduce the content of phenolic acid in rhizosphere soil. The effects of different fertilizers on soil enzyme activities of different types of soil after sterilization.
5 in the high concentration of the spore inoculation of exogenous conditions, compared with the control and other decaying material, sorghum stem leaf decomposition (P0.05) can significantly reduce the plant anthracnose disease index of strawberry, but its remarkable (P0.05) inhibited the growth of strawberry root. Broccoli stem leaf decomposition significantly promote anthracnose occurrence and the growth inhibition of root stem leaf decomposition. Sorghum produces the high concentration of p-coumaric acid is one of the mechanisms of high beam stem leaf decomposition can alleviate the root rot of strawberry anthracnose.
6, inoculation of earthworms in soil can reduce phenolic acids in strawberry stems and leaves and residues. Different kinds of earthworms have different degradation effects on phenolic acids.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S668.4

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