發(fā)布時間：2018-03-22 01:14

  本文選題：蔬菜廢棄物　切入點：堆肥　出處：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整,蔬菜廢棄物產(chǎn)生量隨著種植面積和產(chǎn)量的逐年增加而快速增加,這些廢棄物因缺乏適用技術(shù)無法實現(xiàn)安全的資源化利用,浪費資源、污染環(huán)境的同時還勢必威脅蔬菜的安全生產(chǎn),因此建立適用于蔬菜廢棄物的超高溫堆肥工藝對于推動蔬菜產(chǎn)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要意義。本文通過實驗室模擬小試和中試堆肥系統(tǒng)分析了初始物料的容重條件(0.30、0.35和0.40 kg·L-1)、易生物降解有機質(zhì)含量(27%、36%、45%、51%)和微生物菌劑對堆肥超高溫實現(xiàn)的影響,并確定了高溫可達的極限溫度和持續(xù)時間,建立了蔬菜廢棄物的超高溫堆肥工藝體系;在此基礎(chǔ)上分析了超高溫條件對氮素轉(zhuǎn)化和損失的影響,和不同類別的原位氮素損失控制措施(添加K2HP04和MgO、添加木本泥炭和間歇通風(fēng)對氮損控制效果、超高溫工藝、堆肥進程和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量等的影響,旨在建立蔬菜廢棄物超高溫低氮損的堆肥工藝,實現(xiàn)蔬菜廢棄物的安全高效資源轉(zhuǎn)化。所得結(jié)論如下:(1)蔬菜廢棄物的超高溫堆肥工藝條件為:調(diào)節(jié)初始物料容重為0.35 kg·L-1,易降解有機質(zhì)比例為45%,這時可以實現(xiàn)最高堆肥達70℃以上;微生物菌劑的使用可以促進物料中木質(zhì)素的降解,提高堆溫并有效延長高溫期的持續(xù)時間;蔬菜廢棄物堆肥的最高堆溫應(yīng)當(dāng)不高于75℃,75℃高溫的持續(xù)時間越長,對物料降解產(chǎn)生的影響越大,恢復(fù)活性所需時間越長,但持續(xù)時間超過24小時后,會對堆肥進程產(chǎn)生不可恢復(fù)的抑制作用。(2)調(diào)節(jié)初始物料提高堆溫的過程中,初始物料容重為0.3 kg·L-1時,氨氣釋放量大于其它容重條件,而易生物降解有機質(zhì)含量為45%時,氨氣釋放量大于其它處理;初始物料條件相同時,氨氣逸失量隨溫度的升高而逐漸增加。(3)蔬菜廢棄物超高溫堆肥過程中的氮素損失率為26.12%,微生物菌劑的使用會促進氮素的轉(zhuǎn)化和氨氣的逸失,最終氮素的損失率為33.00%;氨氣逸失所損失的氮素在總氮損失中所占比例超過90%。(4)3種氮素損失控制措施均可以有效降低堆肥過程中的氮素損失,與對照處理相比,木本泥炭在降低氨氣釋放(57.54%)和控制氮素損失(54.23%)方面的效果均優(yōu)于添加K2HP04和MgO(27.93%和27.50%)和間歇通風(fēng)(24.17%和16.12%),但木本泥炭的添加會影響超高溫條件實現(xiàn)。3種措施均可以促進堆肥的腐熟進程,7天可以達到完全腐熟的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),縮短堆肥周期可以有效降低堆肥過程中的氨氣逸失和氮素損失。綜上,調(diào)節(jié)物料的初始容重和易生物降解有機質(zhì)含量分別為0.35 kg·L-1和45%,輔以微生物菌劑和磷酸鎂鹽(K2HP04和MgO)進行蔬菜廢棄物堆肥,堆肥周期不低于7天,即可實現(xiàn)蔬菜廢棄物的安全資源轉(zhuǎn)化并有效控制氮素損失,提高堆肥質(zhì)量。
[Abstract]:With the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure in China, the production of vegetable wastes increases rapidly with the increase of planting area and output year by year. These wastes can not be used safely and waste resources because of the lack of applicable technology. Pollution of the environment at the same time is bound to threaten the safe production of vegetables, Therefore, it is of great significance to establish an ultra-high temperature composting process suitable for vegetable waste in order to promote the sustainable development of vegetable industry. In this paper, the bulk density of the initial material is analyzed by laboratory simulation and pilot-scale composting system. The effects of 0.30kg / L ~ (-1) and 0.40 kg / L ~ (-1) ~ (-1), easily biodegradable organic matter content and ~ (27) ~ (36) and microorganism fungicides on the realization of ultra-high temperature compost, The limit temperature and duration of high temperature are determined, the composting process system of vegetable waste is established, and the effect of super high temperature on nitrogen conversion and loss is analyzed. And the effects of different kinds of in-situ nitrogen loss control measures (adding K2HP04 and MgO, adding wood peat and intermittent ventilation) on nitrogen loss control, ultra-high temperature process, composting process and product quality, etc. In order to establish the composting process of vegetable waste with ultra-high temperature and low nitrogen loss, The result is as follows: the composting process condition of vegetable waste is as follows: adjusting the initial bulk weight of material is 0.35 kg / L, and the ratio of easily degradable organic matter is 45%, the highest composting can be achieved. Compost above 70 鈩，

本文編號：1646393