本文選題：水氮處理　切入點：溫室番茄　出處：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：水分和氮素作為影響番茄生長的主要因素,為了探討不同水分處理下SIMDualKc雙作物系數(shù)模型和臨界氮稀釋曲線模型的適用性和不同水氮處理下干物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)及分配模型以及番茄抗氧化性機理。以番茄為材料,于2013-2015年在陜西省楊凌區(qū)溫室內(nèi)進(jìn)行了不同生育期虧水處理和水氮耦合試驗,在僅有水分處理共設(shè)置全生育期充分灌水、僅發(fā)育期(苗期)虧水50%、發(fā)育期及中期(苗期和開花期)連續(xù)虧水50%和全部虧水50%共4種水分處理;水氮耦合試驗中,水分設(shè)置兩水平,分別為全生育期充分灌水處理和全生育期虧水50%處理,氮素設(shè)置三水平,施氮量分別為0 kg/hm2、150kg/hm2和300 kg/hm2。利用2013-2014年數(shù)據(jù)對SIMDualKc模型、干物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)分配模型和臨界氮系數(shù)曲線模型進(jìn)行率定和建立,運用2014-2015年溫室試驗數(shù)據(jù)驗證以上模型的準(zhǔn)確性。得出以下主要結(jié)論:1)運用SIMDualKc模型模擬得到初期(緩苗期)基礎(chǔ)作物系數(shù)Kcb ini=0.34,發(fā)育期(苗期)基礎(chǔ)作物系數(shù)Kcb dev=0.34~1.16,中期(開花期)基礎(chǔ)作物系數(shù)Kcb mid=1.16,后期(成熟期)基礎(chǔ)作物系數(shù)Kcb end=0.63,該模型模擬出不同水分處理的番茄蒸發(fā)蒸騰量與計算值有較好的一致性,可以準(zhǔn)確模擬番茄蒸發(fā)蒸騰量。2)運用番茄蒸發(fā)蒸騰量、累積輻熱積、經(jīng)驗公式和經(jīng)驗系數(shù)(ap和bp)得到的干物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)及分配模型,通過該模型得到不同水氮處理番茄莖、葉、果實和根系干物質(zhì)的預(yù)測值和實測值擬合度較高,可以對不同水氮處理溫室番茄各器官的干物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)及分配。番茄干物質(zhì)總量受輻熱積和水分氮素影響較大,而干物質(zhì)在地上部、根系及地上部各器官的分配指數(shù)只隨累積輻熱積變化,不隨灌水量和施氮量發(fā)生顯著性變化。3)番茄臨界氮濃度與采樣日地上部最大生物量之間符合冪指數(shù)關(guān)系(非充分灌水:Nc=3.26DW-0.35;充分灌水:Nc=3.44DW-0.29);曲線參數(shù)與番茄全生育地上部潛在干物質(zhì)量呈較好的相關(guān)關(guān)系,因此可以根據(jù)番茄全生育期地上部潛在干物質(zhì)量來估算不同水分處理下番茄臨界氮濃度稀釋曲線。4)將不同水氮處理不同葉位SPAD值與葉片氮含量、NNI進(jìn)行擬合得知,中位葉片SPAD值與葉片氮濃度和NNI之間的相關(guān)系數(shù)高于上位和下位葉片SPAD值與葉片氮濃度和NNI之間的相關(guān)系數(shù),中位葉片對氮素較為敏感,可以作為監(jiān)測氮素是否過量的理想葉片。5)減少施氮量和灌水量時,植株葉片和根系POD、SOD和MDA含量增加,而番茄各生育期根系活力、根系長度和表面積降低。各生育期番茄葉片POD、SOD、MDA和Pro含量或根系POD、SOD、MDA和RC含量隨蒸發(fā)蒸騰量和吸氮量的減少而增加。開花期番茄葉片POD、SOD和Pro含量或根系POD、SOD、MDA和RC含量對水分和氮素的敏感性最大。6)基于臨界氮濃度構(gòu)建的氮素吸收和氮營養(yǎng)指數(shù)對番茄氮素營養(yǎng)狀況診斷以及施氮量與產(chǎn)量的研究結(jié)果表明,非充分灌水處理時施氮量以150 kg/hm2最優(yōu),充分灌水處理時施氮量以300 kg/hm2最優(yōu),得出西北地區(qū)溫室番茄種植不同水分管理下的適宜施氮量范圍在150~300 kg/hm2之間。
[Abstract]:The main factors of water and nitrogen as the impact of the growth of tomato, in order to material production and distribution model and the antioxidant mechanism of dry tomato under different water treatments on SIMDualKc dual crop coefficient model and the critical n dilution curve model and the applicability of different water and nitrogen treatments. Using tomato as material, in 2013-2015 years in the greenhouse in Shaanxi District of Yangling Province in the different growth period of water deficit treatment and water nitrogen coupling test, only in the water treatments were set up during the whole growth period of full irrigation, only growth stage (seedling) water deficit of 50%, the growth period and the middle (seedling and flowering) continuous water deficit in 50% and all 50% total water deficit of 4 water treatment; water testing nitrogen, water level set two, respectively during the whole growth period of full irrigation and the whole growth period of water deficit treatment 50%, three sets of nitrogen level, nitrogen fertilizer were 0 kg/hm2150kg/hm2 and 300 kg/hm2. by 2013-2014 years The data of the SIMDualKc model, dry matter production and distribution model of critical nitrogen coefficient curve model was calibrated and the accuracy is established, using 2014-2015 years data of greenhouse experiment verify the above model. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) using the SIMDualKc model simulated early (seedling stage) basal crop coefficient Kcb ini=0.34, growth stage (seedling) foundation crop coefficient Kcb dev=0.34~1.16, interim (flowering stage) basal crop coefficient Kcb mid=1.16 (late maturity) of the crop coefficient of Kcb end=0.63, the model is simulated in different water treatment tomato and the calculated values are consistent with the evaporation transpiration, can accurately simulate the tomato evapotranspiration.2) using tomato evapotranspiration. TEP, empirical formula and empirical coefficients (AP and BP) to get the model of dry matter production and distribution, through the model of different water and nitrogen treatment of tomato stems, leaves, fruits and roots The fitting degree of higher prediction between dry matter and measured values of different water and nitrogen treatments in different organs of greenhouse tomato production and distribution of dry matter in tomato. The total dry matter by TEP and water nitrogen affected the dry matter in the shoot, the partition index of root and shoot organs only with accumulation the TEP changes with the irrigation and nitrogen changed significantly.3) the exponential relationship between critical nitrogen concentration and sampling on Tomato shoot biomass (non full irrigation and full irrigation:: Nc=3.26DW-0.35; Nc=3.44DW-0.29); and the growth curve parameters of tomato shoot potential stem exhibited a good correlation the material quality, it can be based on the whole growth stage of tomato shoot dry weight to estimate the potential of different water treatment under the critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve of tomato.4) different water and nitrogen treatments in different leaf SPAD value and leaf nitrogen content ,NNI榪涜鎷熷悎寰楃煡,涓綅鍙剁墖SPAD鍊間笌鍙剁墖姘祿搴﹀拰NNI涔嬮棿鐨勭浉鍏崇郴鏁伴珮浜庝笂浣嶅拰涓嬩綅鍙剁墖SPAD鍊間笌鍙剁墖姘祿搴﹀拰NNI涔嬮棿鐨勭浉鍏崇郴鏁，

本文編號：1588926