本文關(guān)鍵詞： 色季拉山 有機(jī)碳 枯落物 基礎(chǔ)呼吸 Q_(10)　出處：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：青藏高原是地球陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)極為獨(dú)特的地理單元,有"地球第三極"之譽(yù)。平均海拔4 000m以上,面積約290余萬平方公里,是世界上最年輕,面積最大,海拔最高的高原。在亞洲乃至全球均具有極為重要的生態(tài)地位。但在全球氣候變化和人為活動加劇背景下,青藏高原生態(tài)系統(tǒng)已發(fā)生顯著變化,影響到土壤有機(jī)碳循環(huán),并可能進(jìn)一步加劇氣候變化。為闡明西藏不同海拔高度土壤有機(jī)碳含量特征及土壤呼吸對溫度變化的敏感性響應(yīng),為科學(xué)評估西藏高原土壤有機(jī)碳分布與動態(tài)及未來可能的變化趨勢提供基礎(chǔ)。以西藏東南部色季拉山海拔3 000-4 600 m之間不同類型植被為研究對象,開展土壤有機(jī)碳含量與主要影響因素研究,定量評價不同類型森林枯落物呼吸對土壤總呼吸碳排放的貢獻(xiàn),探索不同海拔高度土壤基礎(chǔ)呼吸的溫度敏感性特征,主要得到以下結(jié)果:(1)色季拉山森林0-10 cm和10-20 cm 土壤有機(jī)碳平均含量分別為(8.15±3.17)%和(5.01±2.21)%,具有較高的有機(jī)碳密度,分別為(4.44±0.61)kgnT2和(3.51±0.88)kg m-2;在海拔3 550-4 300 m之間森林土壤有機(jī)碳含量隨海拔高度的升高而增加;土壤有機(jī)碳含量同時受到林下植被、微地形條件等因素的影響;不同植被類型下土壤有機(jī)碳含量表現(xiàn)為:森林溫性草地農(nóng)田亞高山草灌。(2)森林和草地土壤中,CH3和CH2官能團(tuán)及酰胺-C=O官能團(tuán),均表現(xiàn)為隨土壤層次的加深而降低;各有機(jī)碳官能團(tuán)的相對含量均表現(xiàn)為森林溫性草地亞高山草灌;在表層0-10 cm,土壤主要碳官能團(tuán)相對含量均表現(xiàn)為:變形振動脂肪族-C伸縮振動脂肪族-C酰胺-C=O。(3)森林枯落物顯著的影響著土壤呼吸,相同植被類型下,土壤總呼吸(RT)、枯落物呼吸(RL)和去除枯落物后的土壤呼吸(Rs)之間均有顯著差異;針葉林RL小于闊葉林,即針葉林枯落物具有相對較低的分解速率;不同類型森林RL/RT表現(xiàn)為:杜鵑林云杉林高山櫟林冷杉林;平均值分別為59.3%,33.3%,20.0%和17.6%;闊葉混交林不同層次土壤呼吸速率表現(xiàn)為,隨著土壤層次的加深而降低,表層0-10 cm 土壤呼吸占總呼吸量的45.6-75.2%,但5 cm以下層土壤呼吸溫度敏感性(Q10)較強(qiáng);(4)海拔高度3 800 m,3 990 m和4 090 m區(qū),表層0-5 cm和5-10 cm 土壤基礎(chǔ)呼吸,表現(xiàn)為隨海拔高度的升高而降低,即R3800mR3990mR4090m,但10-20cm并未表現(xiàn)出一致的變化規(guī)律;隨著培養(yǎng)時間的延長,土壤基礎(chǔ)呼吸速率快速下降,尤其在培養(yǎng)的前7天;土壤基礎(chǔ)呼吸速率與培養(yǎng)時間之間呈極顯著指數(shù)函數(shù)關(guān)系;基礎(chǔ)呼吸速率隨土壤層次的加深而降低,隨著培養(yǎng)溫度的升高而增加;5-10 cm和10-20 cm層次土壤基礎(chǔ)呼吸的溫度敏感性Q10值表現(xiàn)為低溫階段高于高溫階段,在15-25 ℃范圍內(nèi),表層0-5 cm 土壤Q10表現(xiàn)為隨著海拔高度的升高而增大;(5)基于大氣溫度和降水對土壤呼吸速率的模擬,結(jié)果表明,高海拔區(qū)土壤呼吸速率小于低海拔區(qū),在海拔3 300-4 400 m之間,土壤年均呼吸速率值為1.26 g C m-2 d-1,年均呼吸排放量為4.60 Mg C ha-1;通過大氣溫度和降水進(jìn)行土壤呼吸的模擬可以較好估算3 700 m高海拔區(qū)土壤呼吸,但對于低海拔區(qū)的估算結(jié)果則偏低。
[Abstract]:The Tibetan Plateau is terrestrial ecosystem is extremely unique geographical unit, "the third pole of the earth" reputation. The average altitude of more than 4 000m, an area of about 290 square kilometers, is the world's most young, the largest, highest elevation of the plateau. In Asia and the world are extremely important ecological. In the global climate change and human activities intensified under the background of ecosystem on the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau has changed significantly affect soil organic carbon cycle, and may further exacerbate climate change. In order to elucidate the different altitudes in Tibet characteristics of soil organic carbon content and soil respiration response sensitivity to temperature change, provide the basis for the distribution of soil organic carbon in Tibet plateau with the dynamic and possible future trends of scientific assessment. In Southeast Tibet between Shergyla Mountain at an altitude of 3000-4600 m of different vegetation types as the research object, to carry out soil Study on organic carbon content and the main influencing factors, quantitative evaluation of different types of forest litter respiration to total soil respiration contribution of carbon emissions, explore the characteristics of temperature sensitivity in different altitude soil basal respiration, the main results are as follows: (1) the average content of Shergyla Mountain Forest 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm respectively (soil organic carbon 8.15 + 3.17)% and (5.01 + 2.21)%, organic carbon density is higher, respectively (4.44 + 0.61) kgnT2 and (3.51 + 0.88) kg m-2; an elevation of between 3550-4300 m forest soil organic carbon content increased with altitude increase; soil organic carbon content at the same time by forest effect of vegetation, topography and other factors; soil organic carbon content under different vegetation types: Forest temperate grassland farmland subalpine shrub and grass. (2) forest and grassland soils, CH3 and CH2 functional groups and amide -C=O functional groups were performed with soil The soil depth decreased; the relative content of organic carbon functional groups showed temperate subalpine forest grassland grass shrub; on the surface of 0-10 cm, the relative content of the main soil carbon functional groups are as follows: the deformation vibration of aliphatic -C stretching aliphatic amide -C=O. -C (3) of forest litter affects soil respiration significantly the same, vegetation type, soil respiration (RT), litter respiration (RL) and the removal of litter after the soil respiration (Rs) showed significant difference between coniferous forest; broad-leaved forest is less than RL, coniferous forest litter decomposition rate is relatively low; different types of forest is RL/RT Rhododendron forest: Quercus forest spruce fir forest; the average values were 59.3%, 33.3%, 20% and 17.6%; broad leaved mixed forest in different levels of soil respiration rate was decreased, with the increase of soil layers and the surface, 0-10 cm soil respiration rate 45.6-7 5.2%, but below 5 cm layer temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q10) is strong; (4) the altitude of 3800 m, 3990 m and 4090 m, 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm of surface soil basal respiration, as altitude increases, that is R3800mR3990mR4090m, but 10-20cm did not show the consistent change; with prolonged incubation time, soil respiration rate decreased rapidly, especially in the first 7 days of training; significant exponential relationship between soil basal respiration rate and incubation time; basal respiration rate decreased with soil depth increased with the increase of culture temperature; the temperature sensitivity of Q10 5-10 cm and 10-20 cm level soil basal respiration value is higher than that in the low temperature stage at a high temperature is 15-25 DEG C, 0-5 cm surface soil Q10 was increased with the increase of altitude; (5) based on the atmospheric temperature and precipitation on Soil The simulation results show that, the respiration rate in high altitude area, soil respiration rate is less than the low altitude area, an elevation of between 3300-4400 m, average annual soil respiration rate was 1.26 g C m-2 D-1, the average annual emissions of 4.60 Mg C respiratory HA-1; soil respiration simulation can be used to estimate soil respiration in high altitude area m by 3700 the temperature and precipitation, but low estimates of low altitude area.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S714.2

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