本文關鍵詞： 深施型 液態(tài)施肥機 扎穴機構 貝塞爾節(jié)曲線齒輪 動力學參數(shù) 動力學試驗　出處：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：液態(tài)肥深施技術是根據(jù)土壤養(yǎng)分及作物田間區(qū)域分布特征,將液態(tài)肥料精準定量地深施于作物根部附近(約100~120mm)的一種農(nóng)業(yè)技術。實踐證明,該技術是一項有效的增產(chǎn)降耗農(nóng)業(yè)技術措施,有減少化肥用量、提高化肥利用率、節(jié)約作業(yè)成本、增加作物產(chǎn)量及減輕環(huán)境污染等作用。目前國內(nèi)外生產(chǎn)液態(tài)肥料企業(yè)較多,但對液態(tài)肥深施技術及裝備的相關研究較少。東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學王金武教授研發(fā)團隊經(jīng)過多年研究探索,在液肥深施理論及相關機具研發(fā)方面取得了一定進展,先后研制出了三代樣機,基本滿足了施肥要求。樣機的關鍵部件為扎穴機構,其工作性能直接影響施肥質量和效率。目前扎穴機構仍存在著單位時間扎穴次數(shù)受限的問題,工作效率較低。若增加扎穴次數(shù),噴肥針受到的土壤沖擊力變大,從而導致機構振動明顯、扎穴不穩(wěn)定及穴口寬度不理想等問題。針對上述問題,本研究依據(jù)液態(tài)肥深施農(nóng)藝要求,對貝塞爾節(jié)曲線傳動理論進行了深入研究,設計研制出新型貝塞爾齒輪扎穴機構。研究過程中,通過理論分析、計算機人機交互優(yōu)化仿真、高速攝像技術等方法深入探討了其工作機理,并分析了機構運動學和動力學特性,試驗研究了影響機構作業(yè)性能及穩(wěn)定性的因素,為深施型液態(tài)施肥機具關鍵部件理論與設計研究提供重要依據(jù)。本文研究工作主要包括以下幾個方面:(1)貝塞爾節(jié)曲線齒輪行星輪系扎穴機構設計為確保液態(tài)施肥機在高速作業(yè)過程中有效避免機具振動,從而獲得理想的穴口寬度和穴距,在深入探討液肥深施技術理論的基礎上,結合多種扎穴機構工作方式與特點,引入貝塞爾節(jié)曲線非圓齒輪行星輪系,理論分析其傳動配比、節(jié)曲線凸形檢驗及壓力角等結構參數(shù),設計了新型旋轉式扎穴機構。(2)貝塞爾節(jié)曲線齒輪行星輪系扎穴機構動力學、運動學建模及仿真分析為檢驗機構設計是否合理,各構件運轉過程中有無干涉,以及噴肥針運行軌跡是否滿足施肥要求,建立了貝塞爾節(jié)曲線齒輪行星輪系扎穴機構運動學和動力學模型,運用軟件進行仿真分析。具體研究內(nèi)容為,建立各齒輪及噴肥針針尖(角)位移、(角)速度及(角)加速度等運動學模型;探求行星輪系中太陽輪、中間輪、行星輪、行星架軸心及嚙合點處受力變化規(guī)律,推導出數(shù)學模型;運用Pro/E完成運動學仿真分析,獲得噴肥針針尖點位置、速度及加速度運動特性曲線,驗證理論模型的正確性并為運動學優(yōu)化編程提供依據(jù)。(3)編寫貝塞爾節(jié)曲線齒輪行星輪系扎穴機構動力學軟件對動力學模型理論求解為驗證理論模型的準確性,利用動力學方程組序列求解法,進行理論求解。采用Visual Basic 6.0語言開發(fā)貝塞爾節(jié)曲線齒輪行星輪系扎穴機構動力學分析軟件,得到各齒輪輪心及嚙合點的受力隨行星架轉角及鏈條受力的變化規(guī)律,為整機的動力學特性分析提供數(shù)據(jù)。(4)貝塞爾節(jié)曲線齒輪行星輪系扎穴機構三維實體建模和虛擬樣機裝配為完成機構各零件結構設計,運用Pro/E三維軟件進行齒輪實體建模和機構虛擬樣機裝配,并校驗機構運行情況,分析機構有無干涉情況及相應運動規(guī)律,為零件加工制造奠定了基礎。(5)貝塞爾節(jié)曲線齒輪行星輪系扎穴機構作業(yè)性能試驗研究為檢驗扎穴機構作業(yè)性能及穩(wěn)定性,在土槽中進行了高速攝像臺架試驗和扎穴性能試驗。通過高速攝像臺架試驗,判讀噴肥針針尖運行軌跡及入土和出土姿態(tài),驗證機構運動學模型和理論分析的準確性;通過多組扎穴性能試驗,探討前進速度及行星架轉速對穴口寬度及穴距的交互影響。以施肥要求為約束條件,采用多目標方法對模型進行優(yōu)化,獲得滿足性能指標的最優(yōu)因素組,并對最佳因素組下的性能指標進行相應的試驗驗證。(6)貝塞爾節(jié)曲線齒輪行星輪系扎穴機構動力學試驗研究為驗證動力學模型及理論求解的結論是否準確、研究機具振動規(guī)律及原因,采用應變傳感電測原理,設計搭建了動力學試驗臺,進行動力學試驗。通過試驗獲得各齒輪輪心及嚙合點、軸承支座及鏈條受力隨行星架轉角變化規(guī)律,并與理論分析對比,證明理論求解準確性及試驗方法的可行性。在行星架轉速一定范圍內(nèi),獲得噴肥針所受土壤反力隨著行星架轉速及前進速度的變化規(guī)律,為整機振動研究提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Liquid fertilizer deep application technology is based on the soil nutrient and crop field distribution, the liquid fertilizer applied to accurate quantitative deep roots near (about 100~120mm) is a kind of agricultural technology. Practice has proved that the technology is an effective stimulation saving agricultural measures, reduce fertilizer dosage and improve the utilization rate of fertilizer. Save the operation cost, increase crop yield and reduce environmental pollution. At present domestic production of more liquid fertilizer enterprises, but the research on liquid fertilizer deep application technology and equipment less. Professor Wang Jinwu of Northeast Agricultural University research team after years of research and exploration, has made some progress in fertilizer deep application theory and related equipment research and development, has developed the three generation prototype, to meet the basic requirements. The key components of the prototype application for pricking hole mechanism of its work, performance directly affects the quality and efficiency of fertilization at present. Pricking hole mechanism still exists in unit time of pricking hole with limited number of problems, the work efficiency is low. If the increase in the number of pricking hole impact force, soil fertilizer spraying needle is larger, which leads to the vibration problem, pricking hole instability and the hole width is not ideal. In order to solve the above problems, on the basis of the liquid deep application of fertilizer on agronomic requirements, Bessel's curve transmission theory is studied, the design of the new Bessel gear pricking hole mechanism. The research process, through theoretical analysis, computer simulation and optimization of human-machine interaction, high-speed photography and other methods to study the working mechanism, and analyzed the kinematics and dynamics characteristics, factors test study on the influence of operating performance and stability mechanism, provide an important basis for the research on the theory and design of deep fertilization liquid fertilizer machine key components. The main work of this paper includes the following Bessel: (1) the pitch curve of planetary pricking hole mechanism designed to ensure liquid fertilizerapplicator effectively avoid vibration in high speed operation process, thus obtaining the ideal hole width and hole spacing, in-depth study of the deep application of fertilizer technology based on the theory, combined with many kinds of ways of working mechanism and characteristics of tie points. Bessel introduced the pitch curve of non-circular gear planetary gear system, theoretical analysis of its transmission ratio, pitch curve convex test and pressure angle and other structural parameters, design a new type of rotary pricking hole mechanism. (2) Bessel's curve of planetary pricking hole mechanism dynamics, kinematics modeling and simulation analysis for inspection body design is reasonable, the members of the operation process with no interference, and whether the spraying needle track meet fertilization requirements established by Bessel, the pitch curve of gear bar hole mechanism kinematics and dynamics model, the use of soft A simulation analysis is carried out. The specific content of the study, the establishment of the gear and the spraying needle tip displacement (angle), (angular) velocity and acceleration kinematics model (angle); explore the planetary gear train sun wheel, a middle wheel, planet wheel axis, planetary gear meshing point and force variation is derived using the Pro/E analysis model; kinematics simulation, obtain the tip position of spraying needle, speed and acceleration curve, verify the correctness of the theoretical model and provide the basis for kinematics optimization programming. (3) write the accuracy of Bessel pitch curve of gear planetary gear train with dynamics software hole mechanism on solving dynamic model theory to verify the theoretical model using the method, sequence dynamics equations are solved theoretically. By using Visual Basic 6 language development Bessel pitch curve planetary pricking hole mechanism dynamics analysis software, the gear Changes of force of wheel center and the meshing point planetary frame angle and chain force, to provide data for the analysis of dynamic characteristics of the machine. (4) Bessel's curve of planetary pricking hole mechanism of 3D solid modeling and virtual prototype assembly to complete each part design, assembly modeling and virtual prototype of gear the use of Pro/E 3D software and check mechanism, analysis of mechanism without interference and the corresponding motion law, laid the foundation for the manufacturing. (5) Bessel's curve of planetary pricking hole mechanism study on work performance test operation performance and stability of tie hole mechanism, on the soil trough were high speed camera bench test and pricking hole performance test. Using high-speed camera bench test, interpretation of spraying needle tip trajectory and buried and unearthed posture, and model validation mechanism The accuracy of theoretical analysis; through multiple sets of pricking hole performance test, to explore the interactive influence of forward speed and the planet carrier speed on the hole width and hole spacing. The fertilization requirements as constraint conditions, the multi-objective method to optimize the model, obtain optimal performance factors, and performance indicators of the group under the optimum factors the corresponding experimental verification. (6) research on dynamics test hole mechanism Bessel pitch curve of planetary gear bar to verify the dynamic model and theory conclusion is accurate, study the vibration law and reason, the strain sensing electric measurement principle, design of dynamic test, dynamic test. The gear wheel center and through the meshing point test, bearing force and chain planetary frame angle changes, and compared with the theoretical analysis, prove the theory to solve the accuracy and test methods can be In a certain range of planetary frame speed, the variation of soil reaction force with the speed and speed of planet carrier is obtained, which provides a theoretical basis for the whole machine vibration research.

【學位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S224.2

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