本文關(guān)鍵詞： 玉米秸稈 豬糞 產(chǎn)甲烷潛力 揮發(fā)性有機(jī)酸 兩階段厭氧消化 微生物群落分析　出處：《天津大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目前,我國(guó)秸稈理論資源量為8.4億噸,可收集資源量約為7億噸。由于缺乏有效的處理方式,約有2.47億噸的秸稈被廢棄或直接焚燒,不僅污染了環(huán)境,更是對(duì)資源的極大浪費(fèi)。我國(guó)同時(shí)也是生豬養(yǎng)殖大國(guó),2012年統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,生豬糞污產(chǎn)生量近30億噸,合理有效地處置秸稈及畜禽糞便已成為當(dāng)務(wù)之急。本論文選擇玉米秸稈和生豬糞便為混合原料,采用固態(tài)產(chǎn)酸和液態(tài)產(chǎn)甲烷兩階段厭氧消化新工藝,研究了兩階段厭氧消化的反應(yīng)機(jī)理、影響因素、關(guān)鍵工藝參數(shù)及微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)態(tài)變化規(guī)律。論文研究成果可為玉米秸稈與豬糞混合原料固-液兩階段厭氧發(fā)酵工藝開發(fā)與應(yīng)用提供理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)支撐。論文分析了13種木質(zhì)纖維素原料的理化特性和產(chǎn)甲烷潛力,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)累積沼氣產(chǎn)量、累積甲烷產(chǎn)量與木質(zhì)纖維素類原料的半纖維素含量呈顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系(p0.05);與木質(zhì)素含量呈顯著的負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系(p0.05);而與原料的可溶性糖含量、VS/TS含量、TOC含量、TC含量以及C/N無明顯的相關(guān)關(guān)系。其中玉米秸稈的產(chǎn)沼氣潛力最高,其沼氣產(chǎn)率與甲烷產(chǎn)率分別為478.6Nml/gVS與252.2Nml/gVS。豬糞的沼氣產(chǎn)率與甲烷產(chǎn)率分別為617 Nml/gVS和337Nml/gVS,最大產(chǎn)甲烷速率為39.7 Nml/(g·d)VS。玉米秸稈與豬糞混合后,可使發(fā)酵原料C/N和含水率更適合厭氧消化。論文得出固體產(chǎn)酸發(fā)酵的工藝優(yōu)化條件為:豬糞與秸稈原料配比為2:1,沼液回流量25%,沼液回流間隔時(shí)間12~24h。靜態(tài)固體產(chǎn)酸過程在6~10d為高峰期,20d以后維持在較低水平。固體產(chǎn)酸消化為乙酸型發(fā)酵,消化產(chǎn)物VFA中乙酸占有機(jī)酸60%以上,丙酸濃度低于1.0g/L,適合于產(chǎn)甲烷厭氧消化。液態(tài)產(chǎn)甲烷反應(yīng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,在相同pH水平下,35℃厭氧消化的沼氣產(chǎn)率高于55℃;相同消化溫度下,當(dāng)pH高于7.0時(shí),沼氣產(chǎn)率隨pH的升高而降低。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果得出,pH為7.0,35℃為液態(tài)產(chǎn)甲烷發(fā)酵的最適參數(shù)。中溫消化中,乙酸營(yíng)養(yǎng)型甲烷鬃毛菌屬M(fèi)ethanosaeta為優(yōu)勢(shì)菌屬,主要通過乙酸氧化生產(chǎn)甲烷,在中低pH(6.5~7.5)下相對(duì)豐度高于70%;高溫消化中,Methanosarcina甲烷八疊球菌屬為優(yōu)勢(shì)菌屬,在pH為7.0~7.5時(shí)相對(duì)豐度在60%以上,除可利用乙酸合成甲烷外,還可利用H2和CO2生成CH4,但速率較低,使高溫消化甲烷產(chǎn)量低于中溫消化甲烷產(chǎn)量;游離氨的增加是甲烷產(chǎn)率降低的主要原因,對(duì)于高含氮有機(jī)廢棄物厭氧消化,不宜采用高溫厭氧消化。通過連續(xù)動(dòng)態(tài)試驗(yàn),得出兩階段厭氧混合發(fā)酵的最佳豬糞與秸稈原料比、沼液回流比、沼液回流間隔時(shí)間、固體產(chǎn)酸反應(yīng)器有效容積與液體產(chǎn)甲烷反應(yīng)器有效容積比、固體消化停留時(shí)間,液態(tài)消化階段的有機(jī)負(fù)荷、水力停留時(shí)間等最佳工藝參數(shù)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果還顯示,沼液回流對(duì)調(diào)節(jié)產(chǎn)酸消化體系pH具有明顯作用,沼液回流量和回流間隔時(shí)間是調(diào)控固體產(chǎn)酸消化的重要參數(shù)。沼液回流參數(shù)也受液體產(chǎn)甲烷消化參數(shù)影響,是耦合兩階段厭氧消化,減少沼液排放的關(guān)鍵;通過對(duì)兩階段厭氧消化過程中不同階段種群結(jié)構(gòu)的分子生物學(xué)試驗(yàn)檢測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn),固態(tài)產(chǎn)酸階段細(xì)菌和古菌優(yōu)勢(shì)種群隨著消化時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)存在明顯的演替,其中厚壁菌門(Firmicutes)、變形菌門(Proteobacteria)、擬桿菌門(Bacteroidetes)與浮霉菌門(Planctomycetes)為細(xì)菌中優(yōu)勢(shì)種群;古菌以氫營(yíng)養(yǎng)型的甲烷細(xì)菌屬為優(yōu)勢(shì)種群。產(chǎn)甲烷階段,細(xì)菌和古菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)較穩(wěn)定。其中厚壁菌門為細(xì)菌中的優(yōu)勢(shì)種群;氫營(yíng)養(yǎng)型的甲烷桿菌屬、甲烷囊菌屬與乙酸營(yíng)養(yǎng)型的甲烷八疊球菌屬為優(yōu)勢(shì)種群。論文采用的固態(tài)物料的產(chǎn)甲烷潛力壓力測(cè)定法,具有操作簡(jiǎn)單,結(jié)果穩(wěn)定的特點(diǎn);采用的車庫式固體酸化反應(yīng)器和改進(jìn)CSTR高效耦合的兩階段厭氧消化工藝,有利于提高反應(yīng)器容積產(chǎn)氣率,減少沼液排放。利用玉米秸稈和豬糞混合厭氧消化,能夠提高沼氣產(chǎn)量和反應(yīng)器運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定性。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示通過工藝參數(shù)優(yōu)化,可實(shí)現(xiàn)兩階段沼氣厭氧消化穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。
[Abstract]:At present, the theory of straw resources in China is 8.4 tons, can collect resources is about 7 tons. Due to the lack of effective treatment, about 2.47 tons of straw were abandoned or burned directly, not only pollute the environment, it is a tremendous waste of resources. China is also the pig breeding country, 2012 statistics data show that the pig manure produced nearly 30 tons, a reasonable and effective disposal of straw and animal manure has become a pressing matter of the moment. This paper choose corn straw and pig manure mixed raw materials by solid acid production and liquid methane two stage anaerobic digestion process, factors influencing the reaction mechanism of two stage anaerobic digestion the key process parameters, and the microbial community structure dynamics changes. The research results for corn straw and pig manure mixed solid raw material development and application of anaerobic fermentation liquid two phases to provide the theory basis and Technical support. This paper analyzes the physical and chemical properties of 13 kinds of lignocellulosic materials and methane production potential, the study found that the cumulative biogas yield, there was a significant positive correlation between the content of hemicellulose and the cumulative methane production of lignocellulosic raw materials (P0.05); a negative significant correlation with lignin content (P0.05); and the content of soluble sugar and raw materials, VS/TS content, TOC content, no significant correlation between the content of TC and C/N. The biogas production potential of corn straw is the highest, the biogas yield and methane yield were 478.6Nml/gVS and 252.2Nml/gVS. of pig dung biogas yield and methane yield were 617 Nml/gVS and 337Nml/gVS, the maximum methane production rate was 39.7 Nml/ (G - D) VS. of corn straw and pig manure mixed, the fermentation raw material and water content of C/N is more suitable for anaerobic digestion. The optimum conditions obtained for solid acid fermentation of pig manure and straw The ratio of raw materials was 2:1, the back flow of 25% biogas slurry, biogas slurry reflux time interval 12~24h. static solid acid process at 6~10d peak, 20d remained at a low level. The solid acid digestion for acetic acid fermentation, digestion products of VFA acetic acid 60% share above machine, low concentration of propionic acid in 1.0g/L, suitable for anaerobic methane production liquid methane reaction to digestion. The experimental results show that under the same level of pH under 35 DEG C anaerobic digestion biogas yield of higher than 55 DEG C; the same digestion temperature, when the pH is higher than 7, the biogas yield decreased with the increase of pH. The experiment results, pH is the most suitable parameters for liquid methane fermentation 7.0,35 C the mesophilic digestion, nutrition acetate Methanosaeta Methanosaeta dominant bacteria, mainly through the production of methane oxidation in acetic acid, pH (6.5~7.5) under low relative abundance is higher than 70%; high temperature digestion, Methanosarcina ch eight stacked coccus Was predominant genus, pH in 7.0~7.5 relative abundance in more than 60%, in addition to the use of acetic acid synthesis of methane, can also use H2 and CO2 to generate CH4, but the rate is low, the high temperature digestion methane production methane production in lower temperature digestion; increase of free ammonia is the main reason for the methane yield decreased. High content of organic waste anaerobic digestion of nitrogen, not by thermophilic anaerobic digestion. Through continuous dynamic test, the two stage anaerobic fermentation of pig manure and straw best raw material ratio, slurry recirculation ratio, slurry recirculation interval, solid acid producing reactor with effective volume of liquid methane producing reactor effective volume ratio, solid residence time of digestion, the liquid phase digestion of organic load, hydraulic retention time optimal parameters. The experimental results also showed that biogas slurry reflux has a significant effect on the regulation of acid digestion system pH, biogas back flow and reflux interval Time is an important parameter to control solid acidogenic digestion. The biogas slurry reflux parameters by liquid methane digestion parameters, is the coupling of two stage anaerobic digestion, biogas key to reduce emissions; through the discovery of molecular biology test in different stages of population structure of two stage anaerobic digestion process, solid acid producing bacteria and archaea population stage with the advantages of prolonged digestion time has obvious succession, including Firmicutes, Proteobacteria (Firmicutes) (Proteobacteria), Bacteroidetes (Bacteroidetes) and planctomycetes (Planctomycetes) for the population of bacteria in the Archaea to bacteria; methane hydrogen nutrition type genus is the dominant species. The methanogenic phase bacterial and archaeal community structure was stable. The Firmicutes were the dominant species in bacteria; methane bacteria hydrogen nutrition type genus of bacteria and methane sac nutrition acetate methane eight fold for Staphylococcus aureus The dominant population. Determination of the solid material of methane production potential pressure, has the advantages of simple operation, stable characteristics; garage type solid acidification reactor used and improved CSTR coupling efficiency of two stage anaerobic digestion process, is conducive to the improvement of reactor volume gas production rate, reduce emissions of biogas slurry. Using corn straw and pig manure anaerobic digestion, biogas can improve the yield and stability of reactor operation. Test results show that by optimizing the process parameters, can realize the stable operation of the two stage of biogas anaerobic digestion.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：X71

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6 王，

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