本文關(guān)鍵詞：利用Y染色體遺傳多樣性對中國家馬起源的研究　出處：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 中國家馬 Y染色體標(biāo)記 起源 馴化

【摘要】：野馬自從被馴化為家馬后,在人類的生活、生產(chǎn)和戰(zhàn)爭中,都發(fā)揮了重要作用。中國地方馬的起源馴化問題一直存在爭議。Y染色體由于其雄性特異性而被廣泛應(yīng)用于父系進化的研究,也為研究中國家馬起源提供了新的視角。本研究包括23個中國地方馬品種、4個引進品種,并以普氏野馬和家驢作為對照,利用Y染色體上單核苷酸、微衛(wèi)星和拷貝數(shù)變異三種遺傳標(biāo)記對中國地方馬的起源進行了研究。主要的實驗結(jié)果如下:(1)通過質(zhì)譜分型技術(shù)對候選位點進行檢測,在14個位點檢測到了多態(tài)性。核苷酸多態(tài)性和單倍型多態(tài)性兩個指標(biāo)均顯示中國地方馬父系多樣性顯著高于國外引進品種。在NETWORK中,301個樣品共形成20個家馬單倍型,中國地方馬在其中都有分布。SHT1和SHT2是地方馬分布最為廣泛的兩個單倍型,SHT4到SHT20都由南方地方品種組成。SHT19和SHT20是AMELY基因發(fā)生突變形成的單倍型,其中AMELY的稀有等位基因與普氏野馬的相同。SHT19和SHT20在遺傳分化上與普氏野馬有較近關(guān)系,推測這是一種古老的單倍型。(2)微衛(wèi)星單倍型結(jié)果表明,引進品種單倍型單一,我國北方家馬單倍型相對較少,南方家馬單倍型豐富。攜帶有AMELY基因SNP突變樣品的微衛(wèi)星單倍型,與家驢遺傳距離較近,是相對古老的單倍型。推測這種古老的單倍型,可能是起源于當(dāng)?shù)匾榜R的馴化或者是北方家馬擴散到南方地區(qū)而保留至今。(3)通過qPCR技術(shù)檢測了 302個公馬樣本的11個多態(tài)位點的拷貝數(shù)變異。結(jié)果表明拷貝數(shù)變異在Y染色體多態(tài)性豐富,而這種變異主要來自于群體內(nèi)部。除SNP9、SNP1、SNP12和SNP4位點所在片段外,其余位點CNV中位數(shù)群體間差異顯著。FST遺傳分化顯示南方家馬與引進品種遺傳分化比北方家馬更明顯,遺傳距離分析顯示中國家馬與中國鄰近地域品種(阿拉伯馬和阿哈捷金馬)遺傳距離更近,其中北方地方品種受周邊品種影響較大。進化樹結(jié)果顯示馴化后的家馬在中國呈現(xiàn)由北向南擴散的趨勢。(4)通過焦磷酸技術(shù)對在8個位點有雜合現(xiàn)象的樣品進行測序,發(fā)現(xiàn)部分位點兩種堿基都是按照一定的比例存在,而另一些位點出現(xiàn)多種堿基比例并存的現(xiàn)象,并以其中某一種或幾種為主。造成多種比例形式的情況,可能是由SNP和CNV突變時間先后順序造成的,或者是源于外來個體的遷入。NSWG群體中的SNP17A拷貝數(shù)與現(xiàn)代家馬存在顯著性差異,表明其在起源上可能與其它群體存在明顯不同。(5)對家馬最初建系公馬的個體數(shù)進行粗略估計,約有5匹公馬參與到了家馬初始群的建立。結(jié)論:聯(lián)合家馬Y染色體上的SNP、STR和CNV三種遺傳標(biāo)記分析中國家馬起源馴化,中國家馬最有可能是歐亞草原野馬馴化后進入中國,再由北方地區(qū)擴散至全國,并且中國當(dāng)?shù)匾榜R也存在馴化的可能,尤其是在家馬父系多樣性豐富的西南地區(qū)。
[Abstract]:Since the domesticated horse for horse, in human life, production and war, have played an important role. The origin of China where the domestication of the horse has been controversial research because of its male specific chromosome.Y and is widely used in the patriarchal evolution, but also provides a new perspective for the study of Chinese horse origin this study includes 23 Chinese local horse breeds, 4 varieties, and Przewalski's horse and donkey as control, using the Y chromosome single nucleotide, microsatellite copy number variation and origin of three kinds of genetic markers of Chinese horse were studied. The main results are as follows: (1) to detect by mass spectrometry genotyping the candidate loci, in 14 loci detected polymorphism. Nucleotide polymorphism and haplotype polymorphism two indicators showed the diversity of local China sire was significantly higher than that of the imported varieties in NETWOR. K, 301 samples were divided into 20 horse haplotypes, in which there are Chinese Ma local distribution of.SHT1 and SHT2 is the most widely two haplotypes for local horse distribution, SHT4 to SHT20 by the southern local varieties composed of.SHT19 and SHT20 mutations in the AMELY gene of AMELY haplotypes, including rare alleles gene and Przewalski's horse of the same.SHT19 and SHT20 in genetic differentiation and Przewalski's horses have a close relationship, that this is one of the oldest haplotype. (2) microsatellite haplotypes showed that single haplotype varieties in northern China, horse haplotype is relatively small, the South horse rich. Carrying microsatellite haplotype haplotype AMELY gene SNP mutation samples, and the donkey genetic distance is close, is relatively old. That this ancient haplotype haplotype, domestication may be originated from local or northern Mustang horse spread to the South Square area has been preserved. (3) detected by qPCR copy number variation of 302 male horse samples of the 11 loci. The results showed that the copy number variation in Y chromosome polymorphism, and this variation is mainly from the internal groups. Except for SNP9, SNP1, SNP12 and SNP4 loci in the fragment, the differences between groups were.FST median CNV loci genetic differentiation of Southern horse and introduced varieties of genetic differentiation is more obvious than the North horse, genetic distance analysis showed that Chinese and Chinese horse adjacent geographical varieties (Arabia horse and horse Ahajie) closer genetic distance, the north by the surrounding local varieties of varieties of influence. The phylogenetic tree results the domesticated horse show show diffusion trend from the south to the north in Chinese. (4) by pyrophosphate sequencing of heterozygous phenomenon samples in 8 sites, found that some sites are two bases There is according to a certain proportion, and some sites appear a variety of base ratio coexist, and in which one or several. Caused by a variety of forms of the ratio, probably by SNP and CNV mutations caused by time sequence, or from foreign individuals moved into.NSWG groups in the copy number of SNP17A with the modern horse there was a significant difference, indicating that it may exist in the origin and other groups were significantly different. (5) the number of individual horse stallion was originally built, a rough estimate, there are about 5 stallions involved in the horse initial group established. Conclusion: the combination of horse chromosome Y SNP, STR and CNV three genetic markers analysis of domestication China horse, Chinese horse is most likely to enter the Chinese wild Eurasian steppe after domestication, the northern region to spread across the country, and there may be China local horse domestication, especially In the rich diversity of the southwestern region of the family marpatine.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S821.2

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前7條

1 蘇瑩;鞠貴春;邵元臣;王洪亮;邢秀梅;高兵;常彤;;利用Y染色體進行鹿科動物的起源和進化分析[J];特產(chǎn)研究;2016年01期

2 李浩天;王偉;凌宇;崔巖;周歡敏;張焱如;;蒙古馬基因組拷貝數(shù)變異的研究[J];中國畜牧獸醫(yī);2015年01期

3 徐舒遠;陳和平;黨瑞華;藍賢勇;陳宏;雷初朝;;家畜Y染色體分子遺傳多樣性研究進展[J];家畜生態(tài)學(xué)報;2014年02期

4 周琳;楊勝林;楊海兵;戴焰;林威;徐龍鑫;;中國西南矮馬品種的mtDNA Cytb基因遺傳多樣性分析[J];生物技術(shù);2013年05期

5 何錕宇;;淺論中國家馬的起源[J];成都考古研究;2009年00期

6 Yue G H ,儲明星;豬微衛(wèi)星DNA座位的突變率[J];中國畜牧獸醫(yī);2004年02期

7 絲路;烏孫與天馬[J];新疆師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);1984年02期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 黃金龍;馬屬基因組和染色體快速進化的研究[D];內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2015年

2 樂祥鵬;Y染色體遺傳變異及其與公牛繁殖性能的關(guān)系研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2014年

3 蔡大偉;古DNA與家養(yǎng)動物的起源研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2007年

4 李金蓮;中國蒙古馬遺傳多樣性和分子系統(tǒng)進化研究[D];內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2006年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 劉瑞;豬不同組織的轉(zhuǎn)錄組及多物種的線粒體DNA拷貝數(shù)比較分析[D];四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2016年

2 張欽;水牛、牦牛及馬Y染色體分子遺傳多樣性研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2015年

3 王偉;不同品種馬基因組拷貝數(shù)變異研究[D];內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2014年

，

本文編號：1392679