發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-06 21:25

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：河西綠洲灌區(qū)制種玉米種子生產(chǎn)的水氮效應(yīng)　出處：《甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 河西灌區(qū) 制種玉米 種子活力 水氮效應(yīng) 氮效率 水分利用效率

【摘要】：甘肅河西走廊是全國最大的玉米種子生產(chǎn)基地。然而在制種玉米種子生產(chǎn)中盲目收獲,灌水和施氮不合理且嚴(yán)重過量等問題長期存在。針對(duì)以上問題,首先,以先玉335、鄭單958、吉祥1號(hào)3個(gè)制種組合為研究對(duì)象,于2013年在武威進(jìn)行田間試驗(yàn),通過測定不同采收期下種子含水量、百粒重、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)芽率、冷浸發(fā)芽率和浸出液電導(dǎo)率等,明確制種玉米收獲期與種子活力的關(guān)系,高活力種子生產(chǎn)的最佳收獲時(shí)間。在此基礎(chǔ)上,以鄭單958和先玉335為研究對(duì)象,設(shè)置3個(gè)灌水水平(3000、4500和6000 m3·hm-2)和3個(gè)施氮水平(0、225和450 kg·hm-2),于2014年在張掖進(jìn)行田間試驗(yàn),通過測定產(chǎn)量、農(nóng)藝性狀、生長發(fā)育、水氮利用效率、種子乳線發(fā)育、不同采收期種子浸出液電導(dǎo)率等,研究不同水氮組合對(duì)制種玉米產(chǎn)量、水氮資源利用以及對(duì)不同采收期種子活力變化的影響,研究結(jié)果可為河西走廊灌區(qū)制種玉米高產(chǎn)高效生產(chǎn)、高活力種子生產(chǎn)最佳收獲時(shí)間的確定提供理論依據(jù)。取得的主要結(jié)論如下:1、種子成熟度與種子活力的關(guān)系研究結(jié)果表明:隨采收期推進(jìn),種子水分含量逐漸降低,百粒重逐漸增加。3個(gè)(先玉335、鄭單958、吉祥1號(hào))雜交種種子的活力與成熟度密切相關(guān),在授粉后57天種子活力指標(biāo)及田間出苗率均達(dá)到最大值,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)芽率分別可達(dá)97%、95%和92%;冷浸發(fā)芽率可達(dá)94%、84%和79%;浸出液電導(dǎo)率下降至穩(wěn)定值,田間出苗率分別可達(dá)95%、95%和80%,此時(shí)3個(gè)雜交種種子的乳線均發(fā)育到籽粒1/2處,種子水分在38-40%之間。2、先玉335種子產(chǎn)量高于鄭單958。先玉335種子產(chǎn)量最高出現(xiàn)在W4500N450處理下,達(dá)11147.2 kg·hm-2;而鄭單958出現(xiàn)在W3000N225處理下,為7520.4kg·hm-2,產(chǎn)量的峰值均未出現(xiàn)在高水高肥處理,產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)量差異的原因主要是不同水氮處理顯著影響了種子的穗粒數(shù)和百粒重。各水氮處理下,同一采樣期施氮處理的植株干物質(zhì)累積量均顯著的高于不施氮處理;灌水開始虧缺后,先玉335在W3000灌水條件下,N225處理干物質(zhì)累積速率顯著高于N0和N450,而在W4500和W6000條件下,隨施氮量增加生長速率增加;鄭單958在W3000和W4500灌水條件下,N225處理干物質(zhì)累積速率顯著高于N0和N450,而在W6000灌水下,施氮處理的干物質(zhì)累積速率均顯著高于不施氮處理。3、生長前期水分供應(yīng)一致時(shí)各處理耗水量無顯著差異,后期虧缺灌水下,隨灌水量的增大,制種玉米的階段耗水量隨之增大。兩個(gè)制種組合均表現(xiàn)出在W4500灌水條件下兩施氮處理0-100cm土壤剖面的硝態(tài)氮累積量顯著高于W3000和W6000。在W3000灌水條件下,各氮素處理間水分利用效率無顯著差異,W4500和W6000灌水下,N225和N450處理的水分利用效率顯著的高于N0處理,但是N225和N450處理間無顯著差異。對(duì)于鄭單958,水分利用效率最高出現(xiàn)在處理W6000N450,而先玉335水分利用效率最高出現(xiàn)在W4500N225。同一灌水條件下,N225處理下氮肥偏生產(chǎn)力、氮肥農(nóng)學(xué)效率、氮肥表觀利用率均顯著高于N450處理。4、不同水氮處理下鄭單958和先玉335種子乳線發(fā)育明顯不同,先玉335種子形成時(shí)脫水早,從采收期初期其種子含水量較鄭單958顯著的低;隨灌水量的增加,鄭單958種子乳線發(fā)育有延遲的趨勢(shì),而灌水對(duì)先玉335種子乳線發(fā)育無影響。隨采收期推進(jìn),種子浸出液電導(dǎo)率逐漸降低,種子活力逐漸提升,但測定值于不同時(shí)間趨于穩(wěn)定,鄭單958于授粉后59天開始電導(dǎo)率值趨于穩(wěn)定,先玉335于授粉后53天開始電導(dǎo)率值趨于穩(wěn)定。種子乳線發(fā)育的第1和第2階段,種子浸出液電導(dǎo)率值差異顯著,第3階段后差異不顯著,且穩(wěn)定。因此,鄭單958和先玉335種子乳線發(fā)育到1/2處,授粉后59天,籽粒含水量在38-40%時(shí),種子活力最高。
[Abstract]:The Hexi Corridor of Gansu province is the country's largest production base of corn seed. However in corn seed production blindly in the harvest, irrigation and nitrogen is unreasonable and excessive serious long-term problems. To solve the above problems, firstly, taking Xianyu 335, Zhengdan 958, No. 3 seed 1 auspicious group as the research object, to a field experiment was carried out in 2013 in Wuwei, through the determination of different harvest time of seed moisture content, 100 grain weight, standard germination rate, germination rate and conductance of cold water, a clear relationship between corn harvest and seed vigor, the best harvest time of production of high vigor seeds. On this basis, Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335 as the research object, set up 3 levels of irrigation (30004500 m3 and 6000 hm-2) and 3 nitrogen levels (0225 and 450 kg hm-2) in 2014, the field test was carried out in Zhangye, through the determination of yield, agronomic traits, growth, water and nitrogen use The efficiency of milk line seed development, different harvest seed conductivity, the yield of different combinations of water and nitrogen on maize seed, water and nitrogen utilization of resources and the influence on the recovery of seed vigor of different period, the results can be used for the irrigation area of Hexi Corridor of corn high production and high efficiency, and provide a theoretical basis for determining the best harvest time of production of high activity seed. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. The results of seed maturity and seed vigor related research shows that: with the harvest in advance, seed moisture content decreased gradually, 100 grain weight increased.3 (Xianyu 335 and Zhengdan 958, auspicious No. 1) hybrid seed vigor and maturity are closely related and the maximum value at 57 days after pollination and seed vigor index and field emergence rate, standard germination rate could reach 97%, 95% and 92%; the germination rate can reach 94% 84% and 79%; the conductivity of soaking, leaching solution decreased to a stable value, The field emergence rate is respectively 95%, 95% and 80% of the 3 hybrid seeds were developed to 1/2 milk line grain, seed moisture between 38-40%.2, Xianyu 335 seed yield is higher than that of Zhengdan 958. Xianyu 335 highest seed yield appeared in the treatment of W4500N450, kg and hm-2 reached 11147.2 and Zhengdan; 958 in the W3000N225, 7520.4kg, hm-2, the output peak does not appear in the high water fertilizer treatment, the yield difference is the main reason of different water and nitrogen treatments significantly affected seed grain number and 100 grain weight. The water and nitrogen treatments under the same sampling period of nitrogen treatment. The dry matter accumulation were significantly higher than the treatment without nitrogen application; deficit irrigation starting, Xianyu 335 in W3000 irrigation conditions, N225 dry matter accumulation rate was significantly higher than that of N0 and N450 in W4500 and W6000 conditions, the growth rate increased with the increase of nitrogen; Zhengdan 958 in W3000 W4500 and irrigation conditions, N225 dry matter accumulation rate was significantly higher than that of N0 and N450, while in W6000 irrigation, fertilization rate of accumulation were significantly higher than that of the treatment without nitrogen.3 nitrogen dry processing, growth stage water supply agreement each water consumption had no significant difference, the late shortage of irrigation, with increasing irrigation the water, the water consumption of maize seed stage increased. Two seed combination showed in W4500 under irrigation two nitrogen nitrate nitrogen accumulation in the 0-100cm soil profile was significantly higher than that of W3000 and W6000. in W3000 irrigation, nitrogen and water use efficiency was no significant difference between W4500 and W6000 irrigation. Under N225 and N450 treatment, the water use efficiency of N0 treatment was significantly higher than that of N225 and N450, but no significantly difference. For Zhengdan 958, the highest water use efficiency in processing W6000N450, and Xianyu 335 water use The highest efficiency in W4500N225. under the same condition of irrigation, N225 under the treatment of nitrogen partial productivity, nitrogen agronomic efficiency, nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency were significantly higher than that of N450.4, Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335 seed milk line development of different water and nitrogen treatments were significantly different, Xianyu 335 seed forming dehydration from early. At the beginning of the harvest period of seed moisture content than Zhengdan 958 was low; with the increasing of irrigation amount, the delay trend of Zhengdan 958 seed milk line development, and irrigation of Xianyu 335 seed milk line development has no effect. With the harvest in advance, the electric conductivity of seeds decreased gradually, gradually enhance seed vigor, but determination of value in different time tends to be stable, Zhengdan 958 to 59 days after pollination to conductivity value tends to be stable, Xianyu 335 to 53 days after pollination to stable values. The conductivity of milk line first and second stages of seed development, seed leachate conductivity values were significantly different The difference between the third stages was not significant and stable. Therefore, Zhengdan 958 and Xian Yu 335 seed milk line developed to 1/2, and 59 days after pollination, the seed vigor was the highest when seed moisture content was 38-40%.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S513

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