本文關鍵詞：江西省稻飛虱蟲源地及發(fā)生規(guī)律研究　出處：《南京農業(yè)大學》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 蟲源地 年際變化 早期遷入 夏季遷出 后期遷入 暴發(fā)機制

【摘要】：白背飛虱Sogatella furcifera (Horváth)與褐飛虱Nilaparvata lugens(St(?)l)是亞洲水稻上的兩種重要遷飛性害蟲,由于其遷飛性、高繁殖力以及傳毒性,對水稻安全生產有著嚴重威脅,并造成難以估量的損失。自上世紀60年代末,稻飛虱就在東亞國家持續(xù)暴發(fā)。進入新世紀以來,由于水稻耕作制度改革、全球氣候變化以及抗藥性等等問題,稻飛虱的發(fā)生規(guī)律變得更加復雜并難以預測,所造成的危害更是日益加重。因此,明確稻飛虱在現行水稻耕作制度及氣候條件下的遷飛規(guī)律和暴發(fā)機制,對我國水稻的安全生產有著至關重要的指導意義。本文利用江西省70個測報站點褐飛虱及白背飛虱近10年的燈誘數據,研究了該省份兩種飛虱的燈誘種群變化規(guī)律以及中小尺度下的蟲源地分布,明確了江西省不同地區(qū)稻飛虱遷飛的周年往返路徑;利用田間蟲情數據并結合多年的氣象資料,分析了稻飛虱在江西省早、晚稻的暴發(fā)規(guī)律;與此同時,以泰和縣做為個例,闡明了褐飛虱在該地區(qū)連年暴發(fā)的根本原因。主要研究結果如下:1.江西省稻飛虱的春季遷入通過利用2005-2014年江西省39個站點白背飛虱早期燈誘數據和56個站點的褐飛虱早期燈誘數據,并結合HYSPLIT軌跡分析平臺,對江西省早期遷入的高峰日進行蟲源地模擬。之后,利用模擬所得結果,結合蟲源地蟲情資料以及氣象資料,分析了影響江西省早期遷入蟲量年際變化的根本原因。結果表明:(1)就不同地區(qū)而言,4月中、下旬至6月中旬,江西省南部白背飛虱蟲源地由海南島南部逐漸北移至湖南、江西、廣東三省交界地;中部白背飛虱蟲源地由海南島南部、雷州半島南部逐步北移至湖南與江西的南部交界地區(qū);北部白背飛虱蟲源地由廣西東北逐漸北移至湖南東北至福建西北一線。5月中、下旬至7月中旬,江西省南部褐飛虱由海南島中部,經廣東西南部逐步北移至廣東與江西交界地區(qū);中部褐飛虱蟲源地由海南島,經廣東與廣西南部交界地區(qū)逐漸北移至湖南與江西南部交界地區(qū);北部褐飛虱蟲源地由海南島北部,經廣東、廣西南部沿海逐漸北移到江西中部。(2)就不同代次而言,第一代白背飛虱與褐飛虱均主要來自于海南島;第二代白背飛虱主要來自于廣東中部以及廣西東部,褐飛虱則主要來自于海南島北部以及兩廣南部沿海地區(qū);第三代白背飛虱主要來自于廣東北部,第三代褐飛虱則主要來自于湖南東南部、江西南部、廣東北部、西部以及廣西東部。(3)就不同遷入量而言,不論大量遷入年份還是少量遷入年份,白背飛虱蟲源地均主要在廣西東部與廣東西部。(4)江西省主遷入期白背飛虱蟲量與兩廣交界地區(qū)上一代遷入蟲量顯著相關,而北部灣上空4月至5月上旬強西南風頻率決定了早期由中南半島遷入兩廣交界地區(qū)蟲量的多少。2008、2011、2014年中南半島冬季溫度偏低,導致了這三年春季遷入兩廣地區(qū)的蟲量十分稀少,進而使得江西省主遷入期蟲量同樣稀少。2.江西省稻飛虱的夏季遷出以白背飛虱在江西省的夏季北遷過程為主線,選擇江西省境內瑞昌、鉛山、高安、宜黃、萬安、蘆溪、興國、大余等13個不同站點2005-2014年的夏季遷出蟲源作為研究對象。通過探討江西省不同地區(qū)的夏季遷出路徑,分析其對長江中下游各地區(qū)白背飛虱的蟲源貢獻率,來研究江西省外遷時的白背飛虱降落區(qū)域分布。與此同時并選擇2010年長三角地區(qū)多個站點的夏季遷入事件進行分析,以解析長三角地區(qū)與江西省蟲源的銜接關系,明確稻飛虱在我國東半部的夏季遷飛路徑和規(guī)律。結果顯示:(1)江西省西北部的夏季遷出蟲源主要降落在湖北東部以及安徽中、南部,江西省東北部夏季遷出的蟲源主要降落在安徽中、南部以及浙江北部,江西省中部的夏季遷出蟲源主要降落在安徽南部以及浙江,江西省南部夏季遷出的蟲源則主要降落在安徽南部、浙江北部以及福建中、北部(不考慮降落在本省)。(2)5月中旬至6月中旬江西省白背飛虱燈誘蟲量與長江三角洲多個區(qū)域下一代燈誘蟲量顯著相關,特別是江西省中、南部地區(qū)與長江三角洲地區(qū)多個時段下一代遷入量呈極顯著相關。安徽省6月中下旬與江西省中、南部上一代燈誘蟲量顯著相關,至7月上中旬,則與江西省中、北部地區(qū)上一代蟲量顯著相關;浙江省6月中旬至7月中旬的多個時段與江西省中、南部的上一代蟲量顯著相關;江蘇省6月中旬至7月中旬的多個時段則與江西省中、北部的上一代蟲量顯著相關。上述結果表明江西省早期遷入蟲量可以預警長江三角洲地區(qū)下一代白背飛虱的遷入量。(3) 2010年江西省北部可為皖南以及蘇南地區(qū)提供蟲源,江西省中、北部可為浙江省提供蟲源。由江淮切變所導致的降水以及下沉氣流是北遷至長江三角洲地區(qū)蟲源降落的主要因素。3.江西省晚稻褐飛虱的后期遷入及暴發(fā)機制根據崇義、上猶、萬安、信豐、大余、蘆溪、蓮花、宜豐和修水9個站點2005-2014年8月21日至9月20日的褐飛虱燈誘數據,通過篩選高峰日并進行軌跡分析,摸清了江西省晚稻后期遷入的褐飛虱蟲源地分布。利用皖南和江西的田間調查資料并結合氣象數據,闡明2006與2007年江西省不同地區(qū)晚稻褐飛虱的暴發(fā)成因。與此同時,通過分析泰和縣2008-2013年的田間及燈誘數據,揭示了該地區(qū)晚稻褐飛虱連年暴發(fā)的根本原因。結果表明:(1)江西省西北部后期遷入的褐飛虱主要來自于湖北東部、安徽南部以及江西北部,江西省中部后期遷入蟲源主要來自于江西中、北部以及福建西北部,江西省南部后期遷入蟲源主要來自于江西省中、南部和福建西南部。(2) 2006年江西省北部晚稻褐飛虱大暴發(fā)與其后期大量遷入有明顯關系,回推軌跡顯示,其蟲源地主要位于皖南稻區(qū)。9月上旬持續(xù)的東北風與偏北風是褐飛虱由皖南進入江西省北部的重要保障。與此同時,皖南稻區(qū)遷出的褐飛虱又很難到達江西省南部,導致該年江西省北、中部晚稻褐飛虱發(fā)生程度重于南部。(3) 2007年江西省南部中稻稻飛虱蟲量異常偏高,加之中稻褐飛虱外遷時遇持續(xù)降雨,導致中稻褐飛虱滯留當地晚稻繼續(xù)危害,使得2007年江西省南部晚稻褐飛虱發(fā)生程度重于北部地區(qū)。(4)泰和縣危害早稻田的褐飛虱以2、3代為主,其田間種群數量的多少主要受早期遷入蟲量的限制,早稻收割后的滯留蟲源對晚稻種群數量的影響微乎其微。泰和縣危害晚稻田的褐飛虱以5、6代為主,后期遷入蟲量、秋季溫度以及晚稻田初期蟲量是影響晚稻田后期暴發(fā)與否的關鍵因子。不同年份間晚稻田褐飛虱爆發(fā)類型不同,2008、2009年是后期遷入與“暖秋”共同影響,2010年是“暖秋”影響,2011、2012年是后期遷入影響,2013年是晚稻田早期蟲量積累影響。
[Abstract]:Sogatella Sogatella furcifera (Horv, th) and Nilaparvata lugens (St of brown planthopper (?) l) are two important migratory pests on rice in Asia, because of its migratory, high fecundity and genetic toxicity, a serious threat to the safe production of rice, and caused incalculable loss since the last century. At the end of 60s, in the East Asian countries continued to planthopper outbreaks. Since entering the new century, the reform of the system of rice farming, climate change and resistance and so on, the occurrence regularity of rice planthopper has become more complex and difficult to predict, the harm caused by it is increasing. Therefore, clear in the current rice farming rice planthopper migration system and under the climatic conditions and the outbreak mechanism, has important guiding significance for the safe production of rice in China. The Jiangxi province 70 measuring site of brown planthopper Sogatella furcifera and nearly 10 years of light trap number According to the study, the two provinces rice light trap insect source distribution and small population scale, the migration of rice planthopper in different regions of Jiangxi province from the anniversary of path; using the field pest data combined with the meteorological data of many years, the analysis of rice planthopper in Jiangxi province early and late rice at the same time, with the outbreak of the law; Taihe County as example, explains the root cause of brown planthopper outbreaks in recent years in the area. The main results are as follows: 1. the spring migration of rice planthopper in Jiangxi province by using 2005-2014 in 39 stations of Jiangxi province sogatellafurcifera early light trap data and 56 sites of brown planthopper early light trap data, and combined with HYSPLIT trajectory analysis the platform of simulation, source of Jiangxi province in early peak days. After that, by using the simulation results, combined with the pest insect source data and meteorological data, analyzes the impact of Jiangxi Province The fundamental reason of early immigrants was the annual variation. The results showed that: (1) in different regions, 4 months, in late June to mid south of Jiangxi Province, sogatellafurcifera source from southern Hainan Island gradually moved to the north of Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangdong provinces at the junction of the middle; whitebacked planthopper insect source by Southern Hainan Island at the junction, south of the Leizhou Peninsula gradually moved to the north of Hunan and southern Jiangxi area; northern sogatellafurcifera source from Guangxi northeast gradually moved to the north of Hunan northeast to the northwest of Fujian the first.5 months, in late July to mid south of Jiangxi Province, by Brown Planthopper in central Hainan Island, the southwestern Guangdong gradually moved to the north of Guangdong's border with Jiangxi the central region; brown planthopper insect source from Hainan Island, via Guangdong and Guangxi southern border area gradually moved to the north of Hunan and the southern Jiangxi border area; northern brown planthopper insect source from northern Hainan Island, Guangzhou East, the southern coast of Guangxi Moved north to central Jiangxi. (2) have different generations, the first generation of white backed Planthopper and brown planthopper were mainly from Hainan Island; the second generation of sogatellafurcifera mainly from central Guangdong and Eastern Guangxi, brown planthopper is mainly from northern Hainan Island and two in Guangnan along the sea area; the third generation of sogatellafurcifera mainly from the north of Guangdong, the third generation of brown planthopper is mainly from southeastern Hunan, southern Jiangxi, northern Guangdong, Western and Eastern Guangxi. (3) different in quantity, whether a move or a small move into the year year, sogatellafurcifera source are mainly in eastern Guangxi and Western Guangdong. (4) period of white backed planthopper larvae and Guangdong and Guangxi master moved to Jiangxi province border area on the generation of immigrants was significantly related, and over the northern Gulf from April to early May West southerly frequency determines the early by the Indochina Peninsula moved into the border areas of Guangdong and Guangxi The amount of.200820112014 worm South Peninsula low winter temperature, causing the three year spring immigrants was the Guangdong and Guangxi areas are very scarce, which makes Jiangxi province the main migration time of larvae were equally rare.2. of rice planthopper in Jiangxi Province in the summer to move out of WBPH in Jiangxi Province in North process as the main line, select the territory of Ruichang. Jiangxi Qianshan, high security, Yihuang, Luxi, Xingguo, large group of 13 different stations in 2005-2014 from the summer insect source as the research object. Through discussing the path from different regions of Jiangxi Province in summer, its contribution to the analysis of insect source regions in the Yangtze River sogatellafurcifera rate of white back Jiangxi Province, the relocation of Planthopper landing area distribution. At the same time and select multiple sites in the Yangtze River Delta in 2010 Summer migration events were analyzed by analysis of cohesion of Yangtze River Delta and Jiangxi Province closed source of insects In our department, clear of rice planthopper in the eastern half of summer migration path and law. The results showed that: (1) the northwestern part of Jiangxi province in summer from pests landed in Hubei and Anhui in the East, South, northeast of Jiangxi province in summer from the pests landed in Anhui, the southern and Northern Zhejiang. The central part of Jiangxi Province in summer from pests landed in southern Anhui and Zhejiang, the south of the province of Jiangxi in summer from insect source mainly landed in southern Anhui, northern Zhejiang and Fujian in the North (without regard to land in the province). (2) was significantly related to mid May to mid June in Jiangxi province white back planthopper insect killing lamp and the Yangtze River Delta region more than the next generation of light trapping effect, especially in Jiangxi Province, a number of time periods in Southern Yangtze River Delta region and the next generation of migration was significantly correlated. Anhui province and Jiangxi Province in the mid to late 6, south of a generation The light trapping effect was significantly related to mid July, with the Jiangxi province in the northern region of a generation of larvae were significantly correlated; multiple periods in Zhejiang province from mid June to mid July and in Jiangxi Province, was significantly related to generation larvae in the South; many parts of Jiangsu province in June to mid July mid and in Jiangxi Province, was significantly related to a generation larvae in northern Jiangxi province. The results showed that early immigrants was the warning in the Yangtze River Delta the next generation of WBPH in 2010. (3) the northern part of Jiangxi province can provide insect source to Wannan and South of Jiangsu area, Jiangxi province. The north can provide insect source for Zhejiang province. Caused by the precipitation and Huaihe shear subsidence is the main factors to the late North Source worm in Yangtze River Delta region of Jiangxi province.3. landing in the late rice brown planthopper and outbreak mechanism according to Congyi, Shangyou, Xinfeng, Wanan, Yu, Luxi, Lotus, Yifeng light brown planthopper and Xiushui 9 sites from August 21st to September 20th by 2005-2014 data, by screening the peak day and trajectory analysis, find out the brown planthopper insect source distribution in Jiangxi Province in late rice. By using the field investigation data of Anhui and Jiangxi combined with the meteorological data, causes outbreaks of rice Brown Planthopper in different areas of in 2006 and 2007 in Jiangxi province. At the same time, through the analysis of the field and Taihe County in 2008-2013 light trap data reveals the fundamental reason in late rice brown planthopper outbreaks in recent years. The results showed that: (1) the northwestern part of Jiangxi Province in the late Brown Planthopper mainly from Eastern Hubei, southern Anhui and Northern Jiangxi, Jiangxi the central province of the late immigrants originate from Jiangxi in the north and northwest Fujian, southern Jiangxi province in the late pests from Jiangxi province in the South and west of Fujian The south. (2) in 2006 in the north of Jiangxi Province, rice planthopper outbreak and the move has obvious relationship, push back track display, its source is mainly located in the.9 month in South and northeast wind northerly winds continued is an important guarantee of brown planthopper in Jiangxi Province in the north by. At the same time, the move in the brown planthopper and very difficult to reach the south of the province of Jiangxi, the Jiangxi province to the north, middle late rice brown planthopper occurrence in the south. (3) on 2007 in southern Jiangxi province rice planthopper insect quantity anomaly, and rice brown planthopper in the relocation of continuous rainfall, resulting in Rice Brown Planthopper in rice continue to harm the local residence in 2007, the southern Jiangxi province of rice brown planthopper occurrence degree in the northern region. (4) in Taihe County harm early rice brown planthopper in 2,3 generation, the field population quantity is mainly affected by the early immigrants was limited Stranded, very little insect source of rice harvest after effects on rice population. Taihe County late rice planthopper harm to 5,6 generation, late immigrants, autumn temperature and late rice early larvae is a key factor of late rice late outbreak or not. In different years late rice brown planthopper outbreaks of different types 20082009 years later, immigration and "common effect of warm autumn, 2010 is" warm autumn ", 20112012 years later in 2013 is the effects of immigration, effects of the accumulation of late rice early larvae.

【學位授予單位】：南京農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S435.112.3

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