本文關(guān)鍵詞：黃河中游多沙粗沙區(qū)侵蝕產(chǎn)沙變化特征及影響因子分析　出處：《中國科學(xué)院研究生院(教育部水土保持與生態(tài)環(huán)境研究中心)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 土壤侵蝕 植被分區(qū) 高程分區(qū) 侵蝕類型分區(qū) 歸一化植被指數(shù) 偏最小二乘回歸

【摘要】：研究黃土高原地區(qū)侵蝕產(chǎn)沙的時空變化特征及規(guī)律及其驅(qū)動因素,對黃土高原水土流失的防治和生態(tài)環(huán)境的改善具有重要的指導(dǎo)意義。因此,本研究以黃河中游多沙粗沙區(qū)為研究對象,利用歸一化植被指數(shù)(NDVI)數(shù)據(jù),分析對研究區(qū)侵蝕產(chǎn)沙強度影響較大的植被的變化趨勢;在此基礎(chǔ)上,利用水文站實測資料、收集到的已出版或發(fā)表的有關(guān)黃土高原地區(qū)流域侵蝕產(chǎn)沙的資料,運用Mann-Kendall檢驗分析方法,研究黃河中游多沙粗沙區(qū)侵蝕產(chǎn)沙的演變特征;根據(jù)研究區(qū)植被、地形地貌以及土壤侵蝕類型特征,將研究區(qū)劃分為不同的植被分區(qū)、高程分區(qū)以及土壤侵蝕類型分區(qū),分析不同分區(qū)的侵蝕產(chǎn)沙情況;選取合適的地形地貌、氣候、土壤、土地覆蓋等指標,利用偏最小二乘回歸,排除變量間的共線性問題,定量識別影響黃河中游多沙粗沙區(qū)不同侵蝕類型分區(qū)產(chǎn)沙的主控因子。本研究的主要結(jié)論如下:(1)通過分析1982-2013年黃河中游多沙粗沙區(qū)NDVI的時空分布發(fā)現(xiàn),四季NDVI值分別是,0.186(春季),0.306(夏季),0.275(秋季),0.123(冬季)。研究區(qū)生長季和年平均NDVI均為0.313,另外研究區(qū)南部和東部NDVI值要高于研究區(qū)西部NDVI值。從研究區(qū)NDVI值變化趨勢來看,四季NDVI年增加速度由快到慢依次為夏季(0.0055)秋季(0.0053)春季(0.0040)冬季(0.0004),生長季NDVI和年NDVI年平均增長速度分別為0.0046和0.0052。通過Mann-Kendall方法檢驗分析發(fā)現(xiàn),春季和秋季NDVI突變年份為2002年,冬季的突變年份為2008年;夏季、生長季和全年NDVI的突變年份均有兩個,分別是1998至1999年之間和2002年。1982-2013年研究區(qū)氣候年變化呈現(xiàn)降雨和溫度增加的“暖濕化”趨勢。利用偏相關(guān)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),研究區(qū)NDVI均與降雨量呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系;冬季研究區(qū)NDVI的變化與溫度呈負相關(guān)關(guān)系,而其它各研究時段內(nèi)NDVI的變化與溫度呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系;并且,植被生長對溫度的響應(yīng)存在一個月的滯后期,而降雨無滯后效應(yīng)。(2)通過分析黃河中游多沙粗沙區(qū)21條主要支流的平均侵蝕產(chǎn)沙強度發(fā)現(xiàn),未治理期(1955-1969年)的研究區(qū)平均侵蝕產(chǎn)沙強度為9949.7t/km2?a,治理期(1970-2007年)的平均侵蝕產(chǎn)沙強度明顯小于未治理期,平均侵蝕產(chǎn)沙強度僅為4710.5t/km2?a,較未治理期減少53.8%。其中,先治理期(1970-1989年)和后治理期(1990-2007年)研究區(qū)平均侵蝕產(chǎn)沙強度分別為6316.7t/km2?a和2925.8t/km2?a,較未治理期分別減少38.1%和71.2%。未治理期研究區(qū)侵蝕產(chǎn)沙強度≥5000t/km2?a的總面積是51752.5km2,先治理期研究區(qū)侵蝕產(chǎn)沙強度≥5000t/km2?a的總面積是36222.2km2,較未治理期減幅為30%。利用研究區(qū)8個水文站(偏關(guān)站、皇甫站、韓家峁站、橫山站、青陽岔站、子長站、甘谷驛站和吉縣站)1960-1989年的侵蝕產(chǎn)沙強度,通過mann-kendall方法檢驗分析發(fā)現(xiàn),8個水文站年侵蝕產(chǎn)沙強度均呈下降趨勢,突變年份大多在70年代和80年代后期。(3)利用黃河中游多沙粗沙區(qū)44個水文站1955-1989年和2006-2011年的水文資料,并且將黃河中游多沙粗沙區(qū)劃分為不同的植被分區(qū)、高程分區(qū)和侵蝕類型分區(qū),通過統(tǒng)計不同分區(qū)的侵蝕產(chǎn)沙情況發(fā)現(xiàn),各植被分區(qū)、高程分區(qū)和侵蝕類型分區(qū)的侵蝕產(chǎn)沙強度隨著時間的變化均呈現(xiàn)出降低的趨勢。從不同植被分區(qū)來看,在各時間階段(1970年前、1970-1979年、1980-1989年和2006-2011年)侵蝕產(chǎn)沙強度較高的植被分區(qū)是溫帶森林草原亞地帶;從不同流域高程分區(qū)來看,在各時間階段(1970年前、1970-1979年、1980-1989年和2006-2011年)侵蝕產(chǎn)沙強度均最小的高程分區(qū)為人類活動較少的高程1400m的流域;而侵蝕產(chǎn)沙強度較大的高程分區(qū)是人類活動較強烈的高程1200m的流域;從不同侵蝕類型分區(qū)來看,在各時間階段(1970年前、1970-1979年、1980-1989年和2006-2011年)侵蝕產(chǎn)沙強度均最小的侵蝕類型區(qū)是森林黃土丘陵溝壑區(qū);而侵蝕產(chǎn)沙強度在各階段均較大的侵蝕類型區(qū)是黃土平崗丘陵溝壑區(qū)、黃土峁狀丘陵溝壑區(qū)和黃土梁狀丘陵溝壑區(qū)。(4)選取降雨、徑流、土壤、地形地貌、土地利用和景觀格局指數(shù)共28個指標,利用偏最小二乘回歸分析方法,對研究區(qū)七個侵蝕類型分區(qū)侵蝕產(chǎn)沙強度的主控因子進行分析和辨別。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),不同侵蝕類型區(qū)侵蝕產(chǎn)沙強度的主控因子有所不同。但整體而言,各侵蝕類型區(qū)侵蝕產(chǎn)沙強度的偏最小二乘回歸模型第一和第二成分主要是由降雨、徑流、平面曲率、土壤黏粒含量和砂粒含量、草地和林地百分比、最大斑塊指數(shù)、蔓延度、香農(nóng)多樣性指數(shù)和辛普森多樣性指數(shù)主導(dǎo);通過自變量的變量投影重要性指標(VIP值)可以看出,降雨、徑流、林地百分比、周長面積分維數(shù)和聚集度指數(shù)對不同侵蝕類型區(qū)侵蝕產(chǎn)沙強度具有較大影響。從自變量的回歸系數(shù)來看,不同侵蝕類型區(qū)侵蝕產(chǎn)沙強度隨降雨和徑流的增加而增加;風(fēng)沙黃土丘陵溝壑區(qū)、黃土平崗丘陵溝壑區(qū)、黃土峁狀丘陵溝壑區(qū)和森林黃土丘陵溝壑區(qū)侵蝕產(chǎn)沙強度隨林地百分比的增加而減少;風(fēng)沙黃土丘陵溝壑區(qū)、黃土梁狀丘陵溝壑區(qū)、黃土峁狀丘陵溝壑區(qū)和森林黃土丘陵溝壑區(qū)侵蝕產(chǎn)沙強度與周長面積分維數(shù)呈負相關(guān)關(guān)系;風(fēng)沙黃土丘陵溝壑區(qū)、黃土梁狀丘陵溝壑區(qū)和黃土峁狀丘陵溝壑區(qū)侵蝕產(chǎn)沙強度與聚集度指數(shù)呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:Study on temporal and spatial variation of erosion on loess plateau characteristics and regularity of sediment and its driving factors, has an important guiding significance for the prevention and control of soil erosion in the Loess Plateau and the improvement of the ecological environment. Therefore, the study on the coarse sand area in the middle reaches of the Yellow River as the research object, using the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) data analysis, trend of research soil erosion intensity of vegetation; on this basis, the use of hydrological data, data of erosion and sediment collected has been published in the relevant area of the Loess Plateau Watershed, use the analysis method of Mann-Kendall test, the evolution characteristics of erosion and sediment yield of the middle reaches of the Yellow River sandy area; according to the vegetation of the study area. The topography and soil erosion types, the study area is divided into different zones of vegetation, elevation and soil erosion type partition partition partition analysis Soil erosion; suitable topography, climate, soil, land cover index, using partial least squares regression, eliminate collinearity among the variables, the main control factors affecting quantitative identification of coarse sand area in the middle reaches of the Yellow River in different types of erosion and sediment yield of the partition. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) through time and space NDVI analysis of the distribution of coarse sand area in the middle reaches of the Yellow River 1982-2013 found that four NDVI values are 0.186 (spring), 0.306 (summer), 0.275 (Autumn), 0.123 (winter). The study area was 0.313 NDVI the average growth of Ji Henian, also of the southern and Eastern NDVI was higher than that of the western part of the study area NDVI from the research value. The NDVI value change trend, four NDVI increase speed from fast to slow in summer and autumn (0.0055) (0.0053) (spring 0.0040) and winter (0.0004), NDVI and NDVI in growth season, the average annual growth rate of 0.0046 and 0.005 respectively. 2. by the method of Mann-Kendall test analysis showed that the NDVI mutation in spring and autumn for the year 2002, the 2008 winter change year; summer growing season and the annual NDVI mutation year has two, respectively, between 1998 and 1999 and 2002.1982-2013 on climate change presents the annual rainfall and temperature increase the "warm" trend using partial correlation analysis showed that the NDVI of the study area were positively correlated with rainfall and temperature changes in winter; the study area of NDVI is negatively correlated, while the other during the period of study. The changes of NDVI positive relationship with temperature; and the vegetation growth responses to temperature are one month lag, but no rain lag effect. (2) through the analysis of the coarse sand area in the middle reaches of the Yellow River River and 21 major tributaries of the average erosion intensity is not found, governance period (1955-1969 years) of Qu Ping erosion intensity 9949.7t/km2? A, treatment period (1970-2007 years) the average erosion intensity is significantly lower than that of non treatment period, the average sediment yield intensity is only 4710.5t/km2? A, is not governance reduce 53.8%. the first treatment period (1970-1989 years) and after the treatment period (1990-2007 years) of the average sediment yield intensity are 6316.7t/km2? A and 2925.8t/km2? A, compared with non governance period were reduced by 38.1% and 71.2%. governance study area of soil erosion and sediment yield strength is not less than 5000t/km2? A total area is 51752.5km2, the first sand erosion strength more than 5000t/km2 period in the study area? A total area of a is 36222.2km2, with a decrease of 30%. during the period of governance the study area of 8 hydrological stations (Panguan station, Huangfu station, Mao Han station, Hengshan station, Qingyang Station Branch, sub station and Gangu station long, Jixian station) 1960-1989 years of erosion intensity, by the method of Mann-Kendall test analysis showed that 8 hydrological stations in erosion The strength decreased, the mutation year mostly in 70s and late 80s. (3) the use of coarse sand area in the middle reaches of the Yellow River 1955-1989 years and 2006-2011 years hydrological data of 44 hydrological stations, and divides the middle reaches of the Yellow River sandy area for different vegetation zoning, zoning zoning and Gao Cheng erosion, through statistics in different areas of erosion the sediment is found, the vegetation regionalization, erosion intensity and erosion of the Gao Cheng type partition partition with the change of time showed decreasing trend. From different vegetation regionalization, at each time stage (before 1970, 1970-1979, 1980-1989 and 2006-2011) erosion intensity high temperate vegetation regionalization the forest steppe zone; Gao Cheng basin from different district, in different phases (before 1970, 1970-1979, 1980-1989 and 2006-2011) Gao Cheng erosion sediment yield intensity were the smallest The elevation of 1400m basin partition for human activities less; and the erosion of sediment elevation intensity of the larger watershed partition is the elevation of 1200m human activity is more strong; from the partition different erosion types, in different phases (before 1970, 1970-1979, 1980-1989 and 2006-2011) erosion intensity are the smallest type of erosion the forest area in Loess Hilly Gully Region; and the erosion intensity in different stages of large erosion type region is in Loess Hilly and gully region of the Loess Pinggang, hilly loess region and Liang hilly and gully region. (4) rainfall, runoff, soil, topography, land use and landscape pattern index 28 indicators, using partial least squares regression analysis method, the seven types of erosion area erosion on the main control factors of sediment yield strength were analyzed and identified. The study found that different types of erosion soil erosion intensity The main control factors are different. But on the whole, the erosion area erosion and sediment yield intensity of partial least squares regression model of the first and the second component is mainly composed of rainfall, runoff, surface curvature, soil clay content and sand content, grassland and woodland percentage, largest patch index, contagion, diversity index and Shannon Simpson the diversity index of leading indicators; through the importance of the independent variable projection (VIP) can be seen, rainfall, runoff, land percentage, perimeter area fractal dimension and the aggregation index has a great influence on the different types of erosion soil erosion intensity. The independent variables from the regression coefficient, increases with the increasing of rainfall and runoff and sediment yield the intensity of erosion in different soil erosion area; sandy loess hilly and gully region, the Loess Hilly and gully area of Ping Gang, the intensity of sediment erosion in Loess Hilly Gully Region of loess hilly gully region and forest With the increase of the percentage of woodland decreased; sandy loess hilly and gully region, the Loess Liang hilly and gully region, there was a negative correlation between the fractal dimension of sediment strength and perimeter area erosion in Loess Hilly Gully Region and hilly forest in Loess Hilly Gully Region; sandy loess hilly and gully region, the intensity of sediment erosion in Loess Hilly Gully Region and shaped beam the Loess Hilly Gully Region and the aggregation index was positively correlated.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院研究生院(教育部水土保持與生態(tài)環(huán)境研究中心)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S157
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本文編號：1370399