本文關(guān)鍵詞：北京森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)對PM＿（2.5）等顆粒物的干濕沉降過程及其模型研究　出處：《北京林業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： PM_(2.5) 森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng) EC OC DRY Deposition模型 干濕沉降

【摘要】：PM2.5污染是一種嚴重的大氣污染問題,無論是來源于自然還是人為活動的PM2.5都會給動、植物及人體健康帶來危害。森林作為一定程度上可以阻滯吸附PM2.5等顆粒物的一種重要媒介,研究森林對PM25等顆粒物的吸附沉降效果具有非常重要的作用。本研究以北京市鷲峰國家森林公園,奧林匹克森林公園南園,北京林業(yè)大學(xué)校內(nèi)和校園門口為研究地點,以油松林、灌木林、草地、毛白楊油松混交林和毛白楊林作為主要研究對象,測量PM2.5等顆粒物的濃度和成分,利用模型對沉降速度和沉降通量進行模擬分析,研究了在不同類型森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)下PM2.5等顆粒物的濃度變化規(guī)律和PM2.5中成分變化規(guī)律,得到了不同類型森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的沉降量和沉降速度,并初步建立林帶阻滯吸附顆粒物的沉降分層模型,為研究森林阻滯吸附顆粒物的能力和建設(shè)阻滯吸附顆粒物為目的的森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)提供一定的參考。(1)北京市不同地點的PM2.5濃度變化不同,體現(xiàn)為交通干道PM2.5濃度高,郊區(qū)點鷲峰國家森林公園的濃度低于城市點奧林匹克森林公園的濃度。PM2.5濃度的不同季節(jié)的日變化有所不同,奧林匹克森林公園夏季PM2.5呈現(xiàn)出上午較高,下午略低,傍晚較低的變化趨勢。秋季PM2.5濃度呈現(xiàn)出上午先升高,后降低,正午略有升高,下午3點后有所下降的雙峰趨勢。(2)北京冬季的PM2.5和PM1.o濃度,處于一年中四季濃度最大值。12月、1月、2月PM2.5和PM1.0濃度為全年最高,10月、11月和3月PM2.5和PM1.0濃度也較大,屬于第二梯度,6月、7月和8月三個月份的PM2.5和PM1.0濃度為全年最低值。北京市不同類型的森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)對PM2.5的影響不同,春季植被處于萌芽期,葉片的面積和數(shù)量均發(fā)芽期,不同類型森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的中,觀察不到顯著的PM2.5濃度差異。在植物的全葉期,PM2.5濃度大小為：毛白楊油松混交林油松林毛白楊林。(3)EC在采暖季和非采暖季的06:00-10:00這個車流高峰時間段內(nèi),EC的值是一個峰值,說明汽車尾氣是EC的一個重要來源。采暖季的EC濃度要高于非采暖季,煤炭的燃燒和汽車尾氣的大量排放共同造成采暖季EC濃度高。并且采暖季EC和OC的濃度在18:00-06:00的時間段非常高。冬季植被處于無葉期,林內(nèi)的EC油松林毛白楊油松混交林毛白楊林,灌木林、草地、闊葉林三者濃度很高,之間差異很小。秋季植被處于落葉期,林內(nèi)的OC濃度油松林毛白楊油松混交林毛白楊林。(4)對于不同類型森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的沉降速度,春季：毛白楊油松混交林油松林毛白楊林草地(馬蘭花)灌木林(榆葉梅)。夏季：毛白楊油松混交林油松林毛白楊林灌木林草地；秋季：油松林毛白楊油松混交林毛白楊林灌木林草地。(5)春季濕沉降通量相對比較小,夏秋季的濕沉降通量較大。油松林的沉降通量在春季的3月份是最大的,在4月份也是占據(jù)主要位置,5月份毛白楊油松混交林的沉降通量是最大760kg/(km2yr)。夏季6月份,油松林的濕沉降通量是11430kg/(km2yr),毛白楊油松混交林是11530 kg/(km2yr)。秋季9月份,油松林的濕沉降通量是7280kg/(km2yr),毛白楊油松混交林是7120 kg/(km2yr)。模型計算結(jié)果與濃度梯度法相比,有差異,但趨勢基本一致,模型模擬結(jié)果略小于分層模型模擬結(jié)果。(6)北京市城市公園的白天和夜間的沉降量可以看出,2月白天和夜間的沉降量最小,2月白天的沉降量為86±39kg/d,2月夜間日沉降量為52±22kg/d,8月白天和夜間的沉降量最大,8月白天日沉降量為1203±556 kg/d,8月夜間日沉降量為569±289kg/d,北京市不同行政區(qū)綠地年度沉降量為延慶區(qū),密云區(qū),懷柔區(qū)沉降量最大,在房山區(qū),昌平區(qū),門頭溝區(qū),平谷區(qū)沉降量次之,其他區(qū)縣較小,最小的是東城區(qū)和西城區(qū)。而且月份之間的比較顯示,各區(qū)縣6月沉降量最大,5月、8月、9月次之。北京市城區(qū)范圍內(nèi),二環(huán),三環(huán),四環(huán),五環(huán),六環(huán)總的沉降量為,二環(huán)內(nèi)為26261±12921Kg,三環(huán)內(nèi)的沉降量為65636±32121Kg,四環(huán)內(nèi)的沉降量為131272±60128Kg,五環(huán)內(nèi)的沉降量為262544±12029Kg,六環(huán)內(nèi)的沉降量為550765±229382 Kg。
[Abstract]:PM2.5 pollution is a serious air pollution problems, either from natural or human activities PM2.5 will give, bring harm to plants and human health. As an important medium of forest to a certain extent can block the adsorption of PM2.5 particles, the adsorption of PM25 on forest particles sedimentation effect is very an important role. The research on Beijing City in Jiufeng National Forest Park, the Olympic Forest Park Park, Beijing Forestry University campus and the campus gate as the research site, in pine forest, shrub, grass, pine poplar mixed forest and poplar forest as the main research object, concentration and composition measurement of PM2.5 particles, the settling velocity and sedimentation flux by simulation analysis using the model, random component changes in forest ecosystem under different types of PM2.5 particles on the concentration variation and PM2.5 The law has been the settlement of different types of forest ecosystems and settling velocity, settling the hierarchical model and established forest block adsorption particles, for the adsorption capacity and the construction of block particles of forest block adsorption particles to provide a reference to the forest ecosystem. (1) the change of PM2.5 concentration in Beijing city the different locations of the different roads, reflects the high concentration of PM2.5, diurnal variation in different seasons and concentration of.PM2.5 concentration in suburbs of Jiufeng National Forest Park below the city point in the Olympic Forest Park is different from the Olympic Games, Lin PEAK Forest Park in summer PM2.5 was higher in the morning and afternoon is slightly lower, the change trend of low PM2.5 concentration showed a fall in the evening. The morning first increased and then decreased, it increased slightly, the trend of Shuangfeng declined after 3 pm. (2) the Beijing winter PM2.5 and PM1.o concentration, in a The maximum concentration of.12 years four months, in January February, PM2.5 and PM1.0 concentration was the highest in October, November and March, PM2.5 and PM1.0 concentration gradient is large, which belongs to the second, June, July and August three months of PM2.5 and the concentration of PM1.0 was the lowest. The effects of different types of forest ecosystem in Beijing city PM2.5 of different spring vegetation at the beginning stage, the area and the number of leaves was the germination stage, in different types of forest ecosystems, not observed significant differences in PM2.5 concentration in plants. The whole leaf period, the concentration of PM2.5 was as follows: Poplar pine mixed forest of Pinus tabulaeformis forest of Populus tomentosa plantations (3). EC in the heating season and non heating season 06:00-10:00 the peak traffic period, the value of EC is a peak, the car exhaust is an important source of EC. The EC concentration in heating season than in non heating season, coal combustion and automobile tail gas emissions were With the heating season caused by high concentrations of EC. EC and OC concentration and heating season during the time period of 18:00-06:00 is very high. The winter vegetation in leaf stage in EC Pinus tabulaeformis forest poplar mixed forest of poplar forest, shrub forest, grassland, broadleaf forest three concentration is high, the difference between the autumn is very small. In the forest vegetation deciduous period, the concentration of OC in Pinus tabulaeformis poplar mixed forest of Populus tomentosa Plantation. (4) for settling velocity, different types of forest ecosystems in spring: Poplar mixed forest of Pinus tabulaeformis forest of poplar forest and grassland (Ma Lanhua) Bush (Yu Yemei). In summer poplar mixed forest of Pinus tabulaeformis poplar forest shrub forest grassland; autumn: Pinus tabulaeformis forest of poplar mixed forest of poplar forest shrub forest grassland. (5) in wet deposition flux is relatively small, the summer and autumn of wet deposition flux is larger. The deposition flux of Pinus tabulaeformis forest in the spring of March is the most Large, in April also occupy the main position, the deposition flux of mixed forest of Populus tomentosa in May is the largest 760kg/ (km2yr). In the summer of June, pine oil in the wet deposition flux is 11430kg/ (km2yr), poplar mixed forest is 11530 kg/ (km2yr). In the fall of September, pine oil in the wet deposition flux is 7280kg/ (km2yr), poplar mixed forest is 7120 kg/ (km2yr). The calculated results compared with the concentration gradient method is different, but the trend is basically the same, the simulation results are slightly smaller than the hierarchical model simulation results. (6) the city of Beijing City Park during the day and night settlement can be seen, the settlement in February day and night at the minimum, the settlement of the February day was 86 + 39kg/d, on the night of February, the settlement was 52 + 22kg/d, the settlement in August the day and night, on the August day settlement is 1203 + 556 kg/d, 8 night vivax settlement of 569 + 289kg/d, Beijing City The same year the settlement of administrative region green space for the District of Yanqing, Miyun District, Huairou District, the largest settlement, in Fangshan District, Changping District, Mentougou District, Pinggu District, the settlement of other counties is small, the smallest is Dongcheng District and Xicheng District. And in between the comparison showed that the County in June May, the largest settlement in August. September. Beijing city within the city, the second ring, ring, ring, ring, ring six of the total settlement, the ring is 26261 + 12921Kg, the settlement within the third ring road was 65636 + 32121Kg, the settlement within the city of Victoria is 131272 + 60128Kg, the settlement within five rings was 262544 + 12029Kg. The settlement within six rings is 550765 + 229382 Kg.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S718.55;X513
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本文編號：1370324