本文關(guān)鍵詞：新疆南部棉區(qū)棉蚜與棉長管蚜種間關(guān)系的格局變化及影響因素分析　出處：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 棉長管蚜 棉蚜 種間競爭 轉(zhuǎn)Bt基因抗蟲棉 敏感性

【摘要】：棉蚜Aphis gosspii和棉長管蚜Acyrthosiiphon gossypii是新疆棉區(qū)棉花上的共存種。棉長管蚜散生無群集現(xiàn)象,密度相對較低,一般不造成嚴(yán)重危害,而棉蚜由于種群異質(zhì)性大、適應(yīng)力強(qiáng)、增殖迅速等特性,極易暴發(fā)成災(zāi)。一段時間以來棉長管蚜和棉蚜在南疆棉田形成了較為穩(wěn)定的種間格局,棉花出苗至現(xiàn)蕾期前后以棉長管蚜為主,中后期棉蚜為優(yōu)勢種,早期發(fā)生的棉長管蚜滋生和培養(yǎng)的天敵對中后期棉蚜發(fā)生有重要抑制作用。近幾年調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示新疆南部植棉區(qū)棉長管蚜在棉田早期適宜溫度條件下種群下降,而棉蚜已成為棉花整個生育期的單優(yōu)蚜蟲種群,危害呈加重趨勢,同時依賴化學(xué)防治也加劇了與傳統(tǒng)生物防治的矛盾。本文以新疆南部轉(zhuǎn)基因棉田棉蚜和棉長管蚜種間關(guān)系的格局變化為切入點(diǎn),以兩種蚜蟲的種間競爭為線索,重點(diǎn)從轉(zhuǎn)Bt基因抗蟲棉對棉長管蚜和棉蚜的發(fā)育與繁殖、種群動態(tài)、天敵作用及不同害蟲種群對殺蟲劑的敏感性等方面,探討棉蚜與棉長管蚜種間競爭優(yōu)勢演變的機(jī)制,以期了解二者在新疆南部棉區(qū)的演替規(guī)律以及棉蚜發(fā)生危害加重與棉長管蚜種群動態(tài)的關(guān)系。綜合全文研究內(nèi)容,得到如下結(jié)果:(1)新疆南部各植棉區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)Bt基因抗蟲棉種植占比例進(jìn)一步提高,2016年新疆南部棉區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)Bt基因抗蟲棉種植比例已占79.69%,較2013年提高13.69%。結(jié)果顯示新疆南部植棉區(qū)棉花生長前期棉蚜在數(shù)量上已占絕對優(yōu)勢,棉長管蚜種群明顯下降。轉(zhuǎn)Bt基因抗蟲棉品種與其它品種相比,棉蚜和棉長管蚜種群數(shù)量無明顯變化,而棉田采用化學(xué)防治后,轉(zhuǎn)Bt基因抗蟲棉、親本常規(guī)棉和新陸中54三個品種處理區(qū)棉蚜有再猖獗現(xiàn)象,其平均密度分別提高19.37%、14.07%和9.67%。(2)棉蚜和棉長管蚜對轉(zhuǎn)Bt基因抗蟲棉等三個不同棉花品種的取食選擇無明顯差異,三個棉花品種上棉蚜單種種群的內(nèi)稟增長率(rm)均顯著大于棉長管蚜,棉蚜在新陸中54上內(nèi)稟增長率最高,但不同棉花品種間差異不明顯。棉蚜增長潛力也明顯大于棉長管蚜,棉蚜最高密度在Bt棉、常規(guī)棉和新陸中54棉花品種上達(dá)到2138頭/株、2243頭/株和2310頭/株,分別是棉長管蚜最高密度的8.65倍、8.38倍和8.85倍。兩種蚜蟲高密度條件下的競爭對棉長管蚜種群的逆密度制約效應(yīng)大于其種內(nèi)競爭。(3)棉長管蚜和棉蚜在Bt棉、親本常規(guī)棉和新陸中54品種上的發(fā)育歷期分別為7.42 d、8.42 d、8.22 d 和 5.68 d、6.27 d、6.39 d,存活率分別為 84.29%、81.31%、82.88%和 83.07%、80.52%、82.29%,品種間差異不顯著。棉長管蚜和棉蚜相比,在Bt棉等三個棉花品種上棉長管蚜的生命表參數(shù)平均歷期、種群加倍時間大于棉蚜,而種群的凈生殖率和內(nèi)稟增長率顯著小于棉蚜,棉蚜比棉長管蚜具有更強(qiáng)的繁殖力。(4)十一星瓢蟲Coccinellaa uudecimpunctata對棉蚜和棉長管蚜捕食潛力較大,α/Th綜合指標(biāo)顯示十一星瓢蟲1-4齡幼蟲和成蟲對棉蚜的a/ah值分別為1.21、53.65、71.75、148.30、143.33,1-4齡幼蟲和成蟲對棉長管蚜的α/Th值分別為2.08、46.83、46.07、36.59、112.01,除1齡期外,對棉蚜控制力大于棉長管蚜,捕食選擇指數(shù)隨密度升高選擇效應(yīng)增加,且成蟲比幼蟲具有更高的選擇效應(yīng)。(5)田間控制試驗(yàn)顯示保留自然天敵處理和完全排除天敵相比,在Bt棉和親本常規(guī)棉2個品種上棉蚜最高種群密度為52600頭/百株和53333頭/百株,分別是保留自然天敵處理區(qū)棉蚜密度的30.06倍和23.95倍,證明自然條件下棉蚜種群受到自然天敵的重要制約作用。Bt棉田天敵控制作用和常規(guī)棉田相似,自然天敵具有較強(qiáng)的生物防治功能。(6)吡蟲啉和啶蟲脒對棉長管蚜的LC50均明顯小于棉蚜。吡蟲啉對南疆3個地方棉蚜種群的LC50分別為22.31 mg/L、20.42 mg/L和15.53 mg/L,是對應(yīng)地區(qū)棉長管蚜種群的3.1倍、3倍和2.9倍,啶蟲脒處理其LC50分別為42.35 mg/L、45.63 mg/L和30.27 mg/L,是對應(yīng)地區(qū)棉長管蚜種群的5.6倍、5.1倍和7.1倍;吡蟲啉和啶蟲脒LC30處理后,棉蚜和棉長管蚜F1代種群平均歷期縮短、凈生殖率降低、內(nèi)稟增長率提高、種群加倍時間縮短,兩種農(nóng)藥對棉蚜和棉長管蚜具有明顯的亞致死效應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:Aphis gosspii of cotton aphid and cotton aphid Acyrthosiiphon gossypii is a kind of cotton on the coexistence of Xinjiang. Cotton aphid scattered no cluster phenomenon, relatively low density, generally do not cause serious harm, but because of population heterogeneity, aphid adaptability, rapid proliferation characteristics, easily outbreak. A period of time since the cotton aphid and cotton aphid in cotton form interspecific pattern is relatively stable, cotton seedling emergence to visible bud stage before and after the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii was the dominant species in the late, in the early period of cotton aphid breeding and cultivation of predators have important inhibitory effects on cotton aphid occurrence in the late. The results of the survey show that in recent years in the early cotton aphid population decline under the condition of suitable temperature in southern Xinjiang cotton and cotton, cotton aphid has become the whole growth period and single aphid population showed a trend of increase at the same time, harm, rely on chemical control is also exacerbated the conflict with the traditional biological control. Based on the pattern change of southern Xinjiang transgenic cotton aphid and cotton aphid long tube interspecies relationship as the starting point, in the competition of two species of aphids species as a clue, from the point of development and reproduction, Bt transgenic cotton to cotton aphid and aphid population dynamics, natural enemies and different pest populations insecticide sensitivity and other aspects, to explore the mechanism of evolution of cotton aphid Aphis gossypii and interspecific competition advantage, in order to understand the harm of relationship with the cotton aphid population dynamics of the two succession in the southern Xinjiang area and cotton aphid. In summary, the results are as follows: (1) the cotton planting area of southern Xinjiang Bt transgenic cotton planting proportion further increased, in 2016 in southern Xinjiang in transgenic Bt cotton planting proportion accounted for 79.69%, an increase of 13.69% compared to 2013. Results show that cotton in southern Xinjiang cotton region in the early growth stage of cotton aphid has accounted for the absolute superiority in quantity, the cotton aphid population decreased significantly. Bt cotton compared with other varieties, cotton aphid and aphid population had no obvious change, and the chemical control of cotton, transgenic Bt cotton, parental cotton and Xinluzhong 54 three varieties of cotton processing zone resurgence phenomenon, the average density increased by 19.37%, 14.07% and 9.67% respectively. (2) cotton aphid and aphid of Bt transgenic cotton in three different cotton varieties on the choice of no significant difference, the intrinsic growth rate of single aphid populations of three cotton varieties (RM) were significantly higher than that of cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii in Xinluzhong 54 intrinsic growth rate was the highest, but the difference is not obvious among different cotton varieties. The growth potential of cotton aphid was significantly larger than that of cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii the highest density in Bt cotton and conventional cotton and Xinluzhong 54 cotton varieties reached 2138 and 2243 per plant and 2310 per plant, respectively, cotton aphid is the highest density of 8.65 times, 8.38 times and 8.85 times. The anti density effect of two species of aphid on the population of cotton aphid was greater than that in the intraspecific competition. (3) cotton aphid and cotton aphid in Bt cotton, parental cotton and Xinluzhong 54 varieties on the growth period were 7.42 D, 8.42 D, 8.22 D and 5.68 D, 6.27 D, 6.39 D, the survival rates were 84.29%, 81.31%, 82.88% and 83.07%, 80.52%, 82.29% varieties the difference was not significant. Cotton aphid and cotton aphid than long tube, life table parameters avenae in Bt cotton, three cotton varieties of cotton average duration, population doubling time is greater than the population of cotton aphid, and net reproductive rate and the intrinsic rate of increase was significantly less than that of cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii than cotton aphid has stronger fecundity. (4) eleven star Coccinellaa uudecimpunctata on Ladybug cotton aphid and aphid predation potential, alpha /Th index shows a/ah eleven star beetle 1-4 instar larvae and adults of cotton aphid were 1.21, 53.65, 71.75 /Th, 148.30, 143.33,1-4 instar larvae and adults of cotton aphid values were 2.08 46.83, 46.07, 36.59, 112.01, in addition to the 1 instar stage, the control force is greater than the cotton aphid aphid, prey selection index selection effect increases with the increase of the density, and ratio of adult larvae with higher selection effect. (5) the field control test showed that the retention of natural enemies and completely exclude predators than in Bt cotton and conventional cotton varieties were 2 on the highest aphid population density was 52600 per hundred plants and 53333 per hundred plants, respectively is to retain the natural enemies of Aphis gossypii processing area density 30.06 times and 23.95 times, that restrict the role of natural conditions of aphid population by natural enemies. The control function of the natural enemy of Bt cotton field is similar to that of the conventional cotton field, and natural natural enemies have strong biological control function. (6) of imidacloprid and Acetamiprid in cotton aphid Aphis gossypii were significantly less than LC50. In the 3 place of Imidacloprid on Aphis gossypii LC50 were 22.31 mg/L, 20.42 mg/L and 15.53 mg/L, corresponding to cotton aphid population 3.1 times, 3 times and 2.9 times, acetamiprid LC50 were 42.35 mg/L, 45.63 mg/L and 30.27 mg/L, 5.6 times, corresponding to long cotton area Guan Ya population 5.1 times and 7.1 times; Imidacloprid and acetamiprid after LC30 treatment, cotton aphid and aphid F1 populations the average duration was shortened, the lower net reproductive rate, the intrinsic growth rate increased and the population doubling time, two kinds of pesticide aphid has obvious effect on Asia caused the death of cotton aphid and long tube.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S435.622

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