本文關鍵詞： 唯物史觀 經(jīng)濟決定論 古典政治經(jīng)濟學　出處：《吉林大學》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：本文旨在研究馬克思恩格斯對經(jīng)濟決定論的批判,嘗試厘清唯物史觀與經(jīng)濟決定論之間的關系,力求為唯物史觀正名。第二國際理論家將唯物史觀解讀為經(jīng)濟決定論,這引起了晚年馬克思恩格斯的強烈不滿。既然唯物史觀不同于經(jīng)濟決定論,那么,問題的關鍵則是馬克思恩格斯究竟怎樣批判經(jīng)濟決定論。要解決這一問題,首先要對經(jīng)濟決定論的自身譜系進行分析。即,通過對經(jīng)濟決定論的社會歷史情境與理論語境的還原式分析,梳理第二國際理論家所表現(xiàn)的不同程度的經(jīng)濟決定論傾向,揭示經(jīng)濟決定論的含義及其實質。這既是對“什么是經(jīng)濟決定論”的回答,同時也構成了馬克思恩格斯批判經(jīng)濟決定論的原由。馬克思雖未有專門的論著來批判經(jīng)濟決定論,但是,馬克思對經(jīng)濟決定論的批判是蘊含在從《1844年經(jīng)濟學哲學手稿》到《資本論》及其手稿中的政治經(jīng)濟學批判的一條隱性線索。這一批判的具體過程為:在《1844年經(jīng)濟學哲學手稿》中通過對國民經(jīng)濟學的批判,闡明了社會、歷史與人等要素相統(tǒng)一的觀點,使得唯物史觀的解釋體系得以可能;在《德意志意識形態(tài)》中通過對資本主義私有制的現(xiàn)實批判,展現(xiàn)了古典政治經(jīng)濟學、經(jīng)濟決定論與唯物史觀的根本不同;在《資本論》及其手稿中通過對資本主義生產關系的總體性批判,揭示了資本主義社會制度的病態(tài)機制,打破了古典政治經(jīng)濟學家的實證主義幻象。如果說馬克思對經(jīng)濟決定論的批判是蘊含在政治經(jīng)濟學批判中的一條隱性線索的話,那么,恩格斯晚年通信中對經(jīng)濟決定論的批判則無疑是一種顯性話語的呈現(xiàn)。在馬克思逝世之后,資本主義在世界范圍內發(fā)生了許多重要轉變,資產階級理論家與第二國際理論家由此對唯物史觀提出種種質疑與批判。面對現(xiàn)實的考驗與理論挑戰(zhàn),恩格斯晚年以與社會主義者通信的方式糾正了人們對唯物史觀的種種誤解。他重申了唯物史觀的方法論意義,闡發(fā)了唯物史觀的歷史辯證法思想,通過對經(jīng)濟基礎與上層建筑的關系、意識形態(tài)的相對獨立性、社會歷史合力論的辯證闡釋展示了唯物史觀的豐富內涵,給經(jīng)濟決定論對唯物史觀的詰難予以了嚴厲的回擊。通過對古典政治經(jīng)濟學與經(jīng)濟決定論、馬克思政治經(jīng)濟學批判之間關系的理論分析發(fā)現(xiàn),唯物史觀與經(jīng)濟決定論雖然“同根于”(或繼承)古典政治經(jīng)濟學,但唯物史觀又與其具有根本性的差異,最終澄清經(jīng)濟決定論對唯物史觀的誤解、誤讀,揭示唯物史觀對經(jīng)濟決定論的超越。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to study Marx and Engels' critique of economic determinism, try to clarify the relationship between historical materialism and economic determinism, and try to correct the name of historical materialism. This led to the strong dissatisfaction of Marx and Engels in his later years. Since historical materialism is different from economic determinism, the key to the problem is how Marx and Engels criticize economic determinism. First of all, it is necessary to analyze the genealogy of economic determinism. That is, through the analysis of the social and historical context and the theoretical context of economic determinism, we should sort out the different degrees of economic determinism tendency shown by the second international theorist. Revealing the meaning and essence of economic determinism. This is not only the answer to "what is economic determinism", but also the original reason for Marx and Engels to criticize economic determinism. However, Marx's critique of economic determinism is a hidden clue contained in the critique of political economy from "Economic and philosophical manuscripts of 1844" to "Capital" and its manuscripts. Manuscripts on philosophy through criticism of National Economics, It clarifies the unity of social, historical and human elements, which makes the interpretation system of historical materialism possible, and shows the classical political economy through the realistic criticism of capitalist private ownership in German ideology. The fundamental difference between economic determinism and historical materialism is that, in Capital and its manuscripts, the morbid mechanism of capitalist social system is revealed through the overall criticism of capitalist relations of production. Breaking the positivism illusion of classical political economists. If Marx's critique of economic determinism is a hidden clue contained in the critique of political economy, then, Engels' critique of economic determinism in his late years' correspondence was undoubtedly a manifestation of overt utterance. After Marx's death, many important changes took place in capitalism around the world. Therefore, bourgeois theorists and second international theorists put forward various questions and criticisms to historical materialism. In his later years, Engels corrected all kinds of misunderstandings about historical materialism by communicating with socialists. He reiterated the methodological significance of historical materialism and expounded the historical dialectic thought of historical materialism. Through the dialectical interpretation of the relationship between economic base and superstructure, the relative independence of ideology and the theory of social and historical resultant force, the rich connotation of historical materialism is shown. Through the theoretical analysis of the relationship between classical political economics and economic determinism and Marx's critique of political economy, it is found that, Although historical materialism and economic determinism are "rooted in" (or inherited) classical political economics, historical materialism is fundamentally different from it, and finally clarifies the misunderstanding and misreading of historical materialism by economic determinism. Reveal the transcendence of historical materialism to economic determinism.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：B03;F091.91
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本文編號：1532447