本文關鍵詞： 創(chuàng)新生態(tài)系統(tǒng) 國家創(chuàng)新 共生演化 成熟度評價 國別比較 發(fā)展啟示　出處：《中國科學技術大學》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：創(chuàng)新生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是隨著移動網絡技術的興起和創(chuàng)新要素的自由流動,在技術、知識創(chuàng)新與社會形態(tài)深度融合的情境下出現的一種創(chuàng)新研究范式。創(chuàng)新生態(tài)系統(tǒng)借鑒自然生態(tài)學中的研究方法,著重研究了生態(tài)系統(tǒng)內部的主體關聯(lián)、要素流動、共生演化和環(huán)境養(yǎng)成情況。相比于已有的創(chuàng)新范式,創(chuàng)新生態(tài)系統(tǒng)更加注重自身的可持續(xù)性,以及所有創(chuàng)新主體對系統(tǒng)環(huán)境的共同營造,也實現了創(chuàng)新評價從單一追求經濟價值向社會、經濟、生態(tài)、文化多維度價值并重的轉變。創(chuàng)新生態(tài)系統(tǒng)理論最早出現在商業(yè)管理和產業(yè)研究領域,通過對企業(yè)所處的價值區(qū)間和伙伴關系的刻畫,共生競合、價值置換、平臺戰(zhàn)略、自組織能力等創(chuàng)新生態(tài)的基本要義已初現端倪(Moore,1993:IansitiLevin,2004)。2000年以后,上述成果啟迪了國家和區(qū)域范疇的創(chuàng)新研究,美國等國家的科技決策部門希望依靠生態(tài)化視角的切換,重新尋找國家創(chuàng)新的核心驅動力,以此提升國際地位和外部競爭力,并提出了一系列支撐系統(tǒng)發(fā)展的舉措�？傮w而言,面向未來的創(chuàng)新生態(tài)系統(tǒng)研究正在成為國家創(chuàng)新戰(zhàn)略思考的新路徑,并逐漸受到各國決策機構和學者的關注和重視。在中國,經濟社會發(fā)展進入“新常態(tài)”的轉型時期,高層先后出臺了多項創(chuàng)新驅動發(fā)展、支持大眾創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)的政策舉措,希望以此為契機激發(fā)社會創(chuàng)新活力,發(fā)揮經濟和就業(yè)的雙引擎作用支持實體經濟。這一時代背景正與進一步發(fā)展多元主體、完善共生環(huán)境的創(chuàng)新內在訴求相一致,更為尋找貼合當下的國家創(chuàng)新思維范式、科學評價已有資源和要素條件奠定了現實迫切性。這表明,本研究旨在對國家創(chuàng)新生態(tài)系統(tǒng)進行內涵分析和機理闡釋,并建構一個系統(tǒng)發(fā)展評價體系的嘗試是必要的。在本研究的整體安排中,我們以國家創(chuàng)新生態(tài)理論闡釋為基礎,以評價體系的設計和測度為核心,以中國的發(fā)展策略探討作為落腳點,試圖解答“什么是國家創(chuàng)新生態(tài)”“怎樣理解國家創(chuàng)新生態(tài)”“如何評價國家創(chuàng)新生態(tài)”以及“中國應發(fā)展什么樣的創(chuàng)新生態(tài)”等問題。具體論述的章節(jié)劃分如下：前兩章分別闡明研究背景、意義和完成對創(chuàng)新生態(tài)、創(chuàng)新系統(tǒng)等概念文獻部分的探究。第3章將創(chuàng)新生態(tài)引入國家創(chuàng)新思考,從“宏—微觀”跨界視角解析了系統(tǒng)內涵,通過提出創(chuàng)新生態(tài)服務的概念,分析整體系統(tǒng)的運行機理,主要解答了“是什么”和“怎樣理解”的問題。第4章借鑒“系統(tǒng)成熟度”作為系統(tǒng)評價的切入點,設置了評價目的和思路,對評價模型進行了組合和確定。在第5-7章中,通過建構指標體系、分層賦權、數據采集和綜合評價測算,我們對中、美、德三國在2012年的創(chuàng)新生態(tài)成熟度進行了全方位評價,得出國別橫向比較結果,回答了“如何評價”的問題。第8章對評價結果進行分析,從主體視角對中國現階段的創(chuàng)新生態(tài)發(fā)展趨勢作出判斷,并提出一系列建議供決策思考,選擇了蘇州的納米產業(yè)與社會融合治理實例作為國家創(chuàng)新生態(tài)建構的一個縮影進行刻畫,以體現本研究的應用價值,也對“如何發(fā)展”做出了解答。研究表明：將國家創(chuàng)新事業(yè)視作一個運行中的創(chuàng)新生態(tài)系統(tǒng)加以研究,是在目前宏觀情境下順應創(chuàng)新發(fā)展趨勢的適宜選擇。一國要客觀認清自身的創(chuàng)新基礎設施和要素條件,不照搬他國模式,因時因地施策培育創(chuàng)新生態(tài)的形成。評價模型的準則層(創(chuàng)新環(huán)境、創(chuàng)新機構、創(chuàng)新資源、創(chuàng)新人才和創(chuàng)新市場)結果體現了國家在細分維度上的優(yōu)勢和不足,是政策制訂的重要依據。具體到執(zhí)行層面,從政府、科研機構、高校到大型企業(yè)、中小創(chuàng)業(yè)者、科技服務機構在內的諸多創(chuàng)新主體都需要以開放姿態(tài)向外連通,實現要素交流和價值分享。他們共同培育的以整體利益為基石的共生環(huán)境,最終促成國家創(chuàng)新生態(tài)系統(tǒng)不斷向更高成熟度的層級發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Innovation ecosystem is with free flowing, the rise of mobile network technology and innovation elements in technology, a new research paradigm of fusion depth of knowledge innovation and social situations. The innovation ecosystem on the basis of the research method of natural ecology, the paper studies the main internal ecosystem, factor mobility, Symbiosis Evolution and develop environment. Compared to the existing paradigm of innovation, innovation ecosystem pay more attention to their sustainability, and jointly create all the innovation of system environment, also realize the innovation of evaluation from the single pursuit of economic value to the social, economic, ecological, cultural transformation of multi dimension values. The theory of innovation ecosystem first appeared in the management of business and industry research, through the characterization, analyzing the value range and partnership symbiotic cooperation, value replacement, flat Taiwan strategy, basic meaning of self organization ability of innovation ecosystem has emerged (Moore, 1993:IansitiLevin, 2004).2000 years later, the results of Enlightenment on the innovation of national and regional areas, science and technology policy-making departments of the United States and other countries want to switch on the ecological perspective, to find the core of national innovation driving force, in order to enhance the international status and external competitiveness, and put forward a series of initiatives to support system development. Overall, the research of innovation ecosystem for the future is becoming a new thinking path of national innovation strategy, and gradually attracted the attention of scholars and policy makers and attention. In Chinese, economic and social development has entered a transition period of the new normal "senior, has introduced a number of innovative driving development, support innovation and entrepreneurship public policy initiatives, hoping to stimulate the creative vitality of society as an opportunity to play with The economy and employment of the twin engine to support the real economy. This is the background and the further development of multi subject, consistent improvement of internal demands innovation symbiosis environment, looking for more fit the current national innovation paradigm, scientific evaluation of existing resources and conditions laid a practical urgency. This shows that the purpose of this study is to explain analysis on the connotation and mechanism of the national innovation system of ecology, and attempt to construct an evaluation system of system development is necessary. In the overall arrangement of the research, based on our national innovation ecological theory, to design and evaluation system as the core, to explore the development strategy of Chinese as the foothold, trying to answer "what is the national ecological innovation" and "how to understand the national ecological innovation" and "how to evaluate the national ecological innovation" and "China should be what kind of development innovation ecology ". the following specific chapters divided: the first two chapters introduced the research background, significance and innovation of ecological system, to explore innovative concepts such as part of the literature. The third chapter will introduce the ecological innovation of national innovation thinking, from" macro micro "cross-border perspective system connotation, through the concept of innovation ecosystem the analysis of operation mechanism of the whole system, mainly to answer the" what "and" how to understand "problem. The fourth chapter from the" mature "as the starting point of the evaluation system, set up the evaluation objective and ideas of evaluation model were combined and determined. In Chapter 5-7, through the construction of the index system, hierarchical weighted, data collection and comprehensive evaluation of our estimates, in Germany, the United States, mature in 2012 innovation degree of comprehensive evaluation, so don't go abroad horizontal comparison results, such as" the answer How to evaluate the problem. The eighth chapter is the analysis of evaluation results, to judge from the ecological perspective on the development trend of the main innovation China at the present stage, and puts forward a series of suggestions for policy thinking, the choice of Suzhou nano and social integration treatment case as a microcosm of the national innovation ecological construction industry to describe, by application value of this study, also made the answer to "how to develop". The study shows that the national innovation as a business innovation ecosystem in the operation of research is suitable to the current macroeconomic situation in the innovation and development trend. With a country to objectively recognize their own innovative infrastructure and elements, not copy of his country, in time for the formation of policy innovation. The ecological criterion layer model (innovation environment, innovation mechanism, innovation resources, innovation and innovative talent market) results The advantages of countries in the subdivision on the dimension and the insufficiency, is an important basis for policy formulation. Specific to the implementation level, from the government, scientific research institutions, colleges and universities to large enterprises, small and medium-sized entrepreneurs, many innovation science and technology service institutions, to outward open attitude to achieve connectivity, communication and sharing. Elements of their common value to cultivate the overall interests as the cornerstone of the symbiotic environment, and ultimately contributed to the national innovation system of ecological development of higher level to maturity.

【學位授予單位】：中國科學技術大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F124.3
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本文編號：1525989