LHAASO-KM2A實驗光電倍增管批量測試系統(tǒng)搭建和STAR-iTPC升級實驗多絲正比室原型樣機的研制與性能測試
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-24 17:51
【摘要】：我的工作包括兩部分:(1)LHAASO-KM2A實驗光電倍增管批量測試系統(tǒng)搭建;(2)STAR-iTPC多絲正比室原型樣機的研制與性能測試。1.LHAASO-KM2A實驗光電倍增管批量測試系統(tǒng)搭建大型高海拔宇宙線觀測站(LHAASO)將要在四川稻城建設(shè),LHAASO的主探測器陣列是1平方公里陣列(KM2A),KM2A的主要物理目標(biāo)是北天區(qū)30 TeV以上的gamma天文與高能區(qū)宇宙線能譜和成分的測量。KM2A陣列是由5261個電磁粒子探測器(ED)與1146個muon探測器(MD)組成的復(fù)合陣列。ED探測器是閃爍體探測器,它是由4塊100cm×25cm的閃爍體單元拼接而成,每塊閃爍體由32根波長位移光纖將閃爍體閃爍光傳導(dǎo)至光電倍增管(PMT)的端窗面,PMT為端1.5英寸直徑端窗型號,PMT的性能會直接影響到ED探測器的探測能力,因此PMT的性能與質(zhì)量必須要經(jīng)過嚴(yán)格的測試。為了完成PMT的質(zhì)量控制,開發(fā)并搭建了一套PMT批量測試系統(tǒng),來完成批量測試的工作。我的主要工作內(nèi)容包括三個部分:PMT批量測試平臺的設(shè)計、軟件系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)以及測試方法的研究與確立。測試暗箱內(nèi)置3維步進電機,能夠容納16支PMT。三維步進電機以及由16路光纖傳導(dǎo)的光路系統(tǒng)使測試平臺能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)批量測試與掃描的功能。測試平臺的電子學(xué)是基于VEM總線以及NIM標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的電荷測量插件、時間測量插件、計數(shù)器、低閾甄別器、恒比定時器、門產(chǎn)生器,電子學(xué)主要用來刻度PMT陽極輸出信號的電荷信息試與時間信息。軟件系統(tǒng)包括控制系統(tǒng)、數(shù)據(jù)獲取系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)以及離線數(shù)據(jù)分析�？刂葡到y(tǒng)根據(jù)測試流程實時遠程監(jiān)控設(shè)備運行,是實現(xiàn)自動化測試平臺搭建的重要步驟;數(shù)據(jù)獲取系統(tǒng)是基于VME總線來設(shè)計,主要用來對測試平臺所用到的電子學(xué)進行數(shù)據(jù)傳輸,離線數(shù)據(jù)分析用來對測試結(jié)果進行分析與呈現(xiàn)。測試工作針對幾種參與ED選型的PMT:日本濱松R11102,英國ET 9903KB,PhotonisXP2012。測試主要目的有兩個:通過測試摸索與確定批量測試方法,同時能夠?qū)⑴c測試的PMT性能進行性能研究。測試內(nèi)容主要包括:使用單光電子譜對絕對增益的刻度,高壓響應(yīng),光陰極均勻性掃描,線性動態(tài)范圍,渡越時間分辨以及光陰極渡越時間差等。PMT批量測試系統(tǒng)能夠以較高的實驗精度對PMT進行測試,并且測試系統(tǒng)能夠長時間穩(wěn)定、高效的工作。2.STAR-iTPC升級實驗的多絲正比室原型樣機的研制與性能測試為了解決量子色動力學(xué)中的相結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜物理難題,STAR合作組提出了第二期束流能量掃描計劃,需要對STAR時間投影式(TPC)端蓋內(nèi)扇區(qū)(iTPC)的進行升級,升級后TPC探測器的探測性能在幾方面得到提升:增大dE/dx的分辨率;提高動量分辨率;提高徑跡探測的贗快度接收范圍(|η|≤1→|η|≤1.5)。STAR-iTPC升級將會用新設(shè)計的探測器替換掉STAR TPC的所有24個內(nèi)扇區(qū),多絲正比室的研制與批量制作將由STAR中國合作組-山東大學(xué)來完成。本部分論文工作的主要內(nèi)容包括:多絲正比室繞絲平臺的控制軟件開發(fā),絲張力測試系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計與開發(fā),iTPC多絲室原型樣機的設(shè)計與制作,基于宇宙線μ的iTPC多絲室原型樣機測試實驗平臺搭建以及性能測試。iTPC多絲室屬于多絲正比室(MWPC),基于MWPC制作以及量產(chǎn)的需要,我開發(fā)了一套自動繞絲軟件系統(tǒng),利用這套系統(tǒng),可以在恒定絲張力下進行自動化絲框繞絲。根據(jù)iTPC制作要求,多絲室的每層絲的張力需要控制在很小的變化范圍之內(nèi),因此需要搭建一套絲張力測試系統(tǒng),對多絲室的每層絲進行精確絲張力刻度,基于這個需求,我設(shè)計并開發(fā)了一套絲張力測試系統(tǒng),它可以對整個多絲正比室的絲面進行自動掃描,能夠以較高的精度獲取每根絲的張力。繞絲系統(tǒng)與絲張力測試系統(tǒng)為iTPC多絲正比室的制作與質(zhì)量控制起到了很關(guān)鍵的作用。iTPC原型樣機主要的構(gòu)造有:三層絲(陽極絲、陰極絲、門極絲),信號讀出板(padplane),以及機械支撐單元(strongback)。原型樣機的制作是在超凈室完成,制作過程包括繞絲、落絲、固定、焊接,質(zhì)量檢測等步驟。其中高精度絲間距的控制是借助絲梳來實現(xiàn),絲梳的使用對制作工藝極其重要。第一個探測器原型樣機制作完畢后,為了對iTPC原型樣機的性能進行性能研究,我們搭建了一套基于宇宙線μ的測試平臺,測試平臺搭建主要包括漂移室、漂移場的構(gòu)建,供氣體系統(tǒng),電子學(xué)系統(tǒng)與觸發(fā)。利用這套測試平臺,對探測器原型樣機的pad輸出信號進行了讀取,研究了宇宙線事例擊中的均勻性進行了研究,并且重建了宇宙線μ的入射徑跡。測試結(jié)果顯示iTPC原型樣機能夠符合預(yù)期設(shè)計指標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:My work includes two parts: (1) the construction of the batch test system of the LHAASO-KM2A experimental photomultiplier; (2) the development and performance test of the prototype prototype of the STAR-iTPC multi-wire proportional chamber. The main detector array of the LHAASO is an array of 1 square kilometers (KM2A), and the main physical object of the KM2A is the measurement of the gamma astronomy and the cosmic ray energy spectrum and composition of the high-energy region above 30 TeV in the north. The KM2A array is a composite array of 5261 electromagnetic particle detectors (ED) and 1146 muon detectors (MD). The ED detector is a scintillator detector, which is formed by splicing a 4-block 100cm-25cm scintillator unit, each of the scintillators is made of a 32-wavelength displacement optical fiber to conduct the scintillator flash light to the end window surface of the photomultiplier tube (PMT), and the PMT is a 1.5-inch diameter end-window type, The performance of the PMT can directly affect the detection capability of the ED detector, so the performance and quality of the PMT must be strictly tested. In order to complete the quality control of PMT, a set of PMT batch test system was developed and set up to complete the batch test. My main work includes three parts: the design of the PMT batch test platform, the development of the software system and the research and establishment of the test method. Test the built-in 3-dimensional stepper motor in the dark box to accommodate 16 PMTs. The three-dimensional stepping motor and the optical path system conducted by the 16-way optical fiber enable the test platform to realize the function of batch testing and scanning. The electronics of the test platform are based on the VEM bus and the NIM standard charge measurement plug-in, the time measurement plug-in, the counter, the low threshold discriminator, the constant-ratio timer, the gate generator and the electronics to scale the charge information test and time information of the PMT anode output signal. The software system includes control system, data acquisition system system and off-line data analysis. according to the real-time remote monitoring equipment operation of the test flow, the control system is an important step for realizing the construction of the automatic test platform; the data acquisition system is designed based on the VME bus, and is mainly used for data transmission to the electronic used by the test platform, The off-line data analysis is used to analyze and present the test results. The test is for several PMTs involved in ED selection: Japanese Binson R11102, UK ET 9903KB, and PhoonisXP2012. The main purpose of the test is to test and determine the batch test method by the test, and can also perform the performance research on the performance of the PMT participating in the test. The test content mainly includes the following steps: using a single photoelectron spectrum to scale the absolute gain, the high-voltage response, the photocathode uniform scanning, the linear dynamic range, the transit time resolution and the time difference of time and time, and the like. The PMT batch test system can test the PMT with higher experimental precision, and the test system can work stably and efficiently for a long time. The STAR cooperation group has proposed the second beam energy scanning program, which needs to upgrade the internal sector (iTPC) of the STAR time projection type (TPC) end cover. The detection performance of the TPC detector is improved in several aspects: increase the resolution of dE/ dx, and improve the momentum resolution; The range of the pseudo-fast receiving of track detection is increased (| 1 | 1 1, | 1 | + 1.5). The STAR-iTPC upgrade will replace all of the 24 internal sectors of the STAR TPC with the newly designed detector. The development and batch production of the multi-wire proportional chamber will be completed by the STAR China Cooperation Group-Shandong University. The main contents of this part of the thesis include: the development of the control software of the multi-wire proportional chamber winding platform, the design and development of the wire tension test system, the design and manufacture of the prototype of the iTPC multi-wire chamber, The design and performance test of the prototype of the prototype of the iTPC multi-wire chamber based on the cosmic ray. The iTPC multi-wire chamber belongs to the multi-wire proportional chamber (MWPC), and based on the production of the MWPC and the need for mass production, I developed a set of automatic wire winding software system, and the system can be used for automatic wire frame winding under constant wire tension. according to the production requirement of the iTPC, the tension of each layer of the wire of the multi-wire chamber needs to be controlled to be within a small variation range, I design and develop a set of wire tension test system, which can automatically scan the silk surface of the whole multi-wire proportional chamber, and can obtain the tension of each filament with high precision. The wire winding system and the wire tension test system play a key role in the production and quality control of the iTPC multi-wire proportional chamber. The main structure of the iTPC prototype is: three-layer wire (anode wire, cathode wire, gate wire), signal readout plate, and a mechanical support unit. The prototype of the prototype is made in the ultra-clean room, and the manufacturing process includes the steps of wire winding, wire falling, fixing, welding, quality detection and the like. In which the control of the high-precision yarn spacing is realized with the aid of a wire comb, and the use of the silk comb is extremely important to the manufacturing process. After the prototype of the first detector is finished, in order to study the performance of the prototype of the iTPC, we set up a set of test platform based on the cosmic ray. The construction of the test platform mainly includes the drift chamber, the drift field, the gas supply system, the electronics system and the trigger. Using this test platform, the pad output signal of the prototype of the detector is read, the uniformity of the hit of the case of the cosmic ray is studied, and the incident track of the cosmic ray is reconstructed. The test results show that the iTPC prototype can meet the expected design metrics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：O572.1
本文編號：2505250
[Abstract]:My work includes two parts: (1) the construction of the batch test system of the LHAASO-KM2A experimental photomultiplier; (2) the development and performance test of the prototype prototype of the STAR-iTPC multi-wire proportional chamber. The main detector array of the LHAASO is an array of 1 square kilometers (KM2A), and the main physical object of the KM2A is the measurement of the gamma astronomy and the cosmic ray energy spectrum and composition of the high-energy region above 30 TeV in the north. The KM2A array is a composite array of 5261 electromagnetic particle detectors (ED) and 1146 muon detectors (MD). The ED detector is a scintillator detector, which is formed by splicing a 4-block 100cm-25cm scintillator unit, each of the scintillators is made of a 32-wavelength displacement optical fiber to conduct the scintillator flash light to the end window surface of the photomultiplier tube (PMT), and the PMT is a 1.5-inch diameter end-window type, The performance of the PMT can directly affect the detection capability of the ED detector, so the performance and quality of the PMT must be strictly tested. In order to complete the quality control of PMT, a set of PMT batch test system was developed and set up to complete the batch test. My main work includes three parts: the design of the PMT batch test platform, the development of the software system and the research and establishment of the test method. Test the built-in 3-dimensional stepper motor in the dark box to accommodate 16 PMTs. The three-dimensional stepping motor and the optical path system conducted by the 16-way optical fiber enable the test platform to realize the function of batch testing and scanning. The electronics of the test platform are based on the VEM bus and the NIM standard charge measurement plug-in, the time measurement plug-in, the counter, the low threshold discriminator, the constant-ratio timer, the gate generator and the electronics to scale the charge information test and time information of the PMT anode output signal. The software system includes control system, data acquisition system system and off-line data analysis. according to the real-time remote monitoring equipment operation of the test flow, the control system is an important step for realizing the construction of the automatic test platform; the data acquisition system is designed based on the VME bus, and is mainly used for data transmission to the electronic used by the test platform, The off-line data analysis is used to analyze and present the test results. The test is for several PMTs involved in ED selection: Japanese Binson R11102, UK ET 9903KB, and PhoonisXP2012. The main purpose of the test is to test and determine the batch test method by the test, and can also perform the performance research on the performance of the PMT participating in the test. The test content mainly includes the following steps: using a single photoelectron spectrum to scale the absolute gain, the high-voltage response, the photocathode uniform scanning, the linear dynamic range, the transit time resolution and the time difference of time and time, and the like. The PMT batch test system can test the PMT with higher experimental precision, and the test system can work stably and efficiently for a long time. The STAR cooperation group has proposed the second beam energy scanning program, which needs to upgrade the internal sector (iTPC) of the STAR time projection type (TPC) end cover. The detection performance of the TPC detector is improved in several aspects: increase the resolution of dE/ dx, and improve the momentum resolution; The range of the pseudo-fast receiving of track detection is increased (| 1 | 1 1, | 1 | + 1.5). The STAR-iTPC upgrade will replace all of the 24 internal sectors of the STAR TPC with the newly designed detector. The development and batch production of the multi-wire proportional chamber will be completed by the STAR China Cooperation Group-Shandong University. The main contents of this part of the thesis include: the development of the control software of the multi-wire proportional chamber winding platform, the design and development of the wire tension test system, the design and manufacture of the prototype of the iTPC multi-wire chamber, The design and performance test of the prototype of the prototype of the iTPC multi-wire chamber based on the cosmic ray. The iTPC multi-wire chamber belongs to the multi-wire proportional chamber (MWPC), and based on the production of the MWPC and the need for mass production, I developed a set of automatic wire winding software system, and the system can be used for automatic wire frame winding under constant wire tension. according to the production requirement of the iTPC, the tension of each layer of the wire of the multi-wire chamber needs to be controlled to be within a small variation range, I design and develop a set of wire tension test system, which can automatically scan the silk surface of the whole multi-wire proportional chamber, and can obtain the tension of each filament with high precision. The wire winding system and the wire tension test system play a key role in the production and quality control of the iTPC multi-wire proportional chamber. The main structure of the iTPC prototype is: three-layer wire (anode wire, cathode wire, gate wire), signal readout plate, and a mechanical support unit. The prototype of the prototype is made in the ultra-clean room, and the manufacturing process includes the steps of wire winding, wire falling, fixing, welding, quality detection and the like. In which the control of the high-precision yarn spacing is realized with the aid of a wire comb, and the use of the silk comb is extremely important to the manufacturing process. After the prototype of the first detector is finished, in order to study the performance of the prototype of the iTPC, we set up a set of test platform based on the cosmic ray. The construction of the test platform mainly includes the drift chamber, the drift field, the gas supply system, the electronics system and the trigger. Using this test platform, the pad output signal of the prototype of the detector is read, the uniformity of the hit of the case of the cosmic ray is studied, and the incident track of the cosmic ray is reconstructed. The test results show that the iTPC prototype can meet the expected design metrics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：O572.1
【參考文獻】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條
1 曹臻;;A future project at tibet:the large high altitude air shower observatory(LHAASO)[J];中國物理C;2010年02期
2 曾珞亞;;基于OPC技術(shù)的PLC與LabView通信實現(xiàn)[J];微計算機信息;2009年16期
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