中國(guó)光柄菇屬和小包腳菇屬分類學(xué)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-11 02:06
【摘要】：光柄菇屬Pluteus Fr.和小包腳菇屬Volvariella Speg.真菌隸屬于擔(dān)子菌門Basidiomycota,傘菌目Agaricales,光柄菇科Pluteaceae Kotl.Pouzar,是大型真菌中常見的粉色孢子類群。本文選取光柄菇科中光柄菇屬和小包腳菇屬種類,結(jié)合經(jīng)典分類學(xué)和分子系統(tǒng)學(xué)方法,進(jìn)行了全面的分類學(xué)研究。形態(tài)學(xué)研究的開展主要通過(guò)復(fù)查我國(guó)主要標(biāo)本館館藏標(biāo)本以及鑒定近年來(lái)新采集的標(biāo)本進(jìn)行。在研究國(guó)內(nèi)700多份標(biāo)本的基礎(chǔ)上,最終確認(rèn)我國(guó)光柄菇屬真菌50種,小包腳菇屬真菌16種。其中光柄菇屬的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)新種5個(gè)和中國(guó)新紀(jì)錄11個(gè)。同時(shí),對(duì)我國(guó)光柄菇屬已報(bào)道的38個(gè)分類單元(種、變種)進(jìn)行了研究,合并了6個(gè)異名,排除了2個(gè)種在我國(guó)的分布以及1個(gè)非正式發(fā)表,另外2個(gè)存疑種;小包腳菇屬的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)新種1種,中國(guó)新記錄種3種,對(duì)我國(guó)小包腳菇屬已報(bào)道的22個(gè)分類單元(種、變種)進(jìn)行了研究,合并了7個(gè)異名,排除了2個(gè)種在我國(guó)的分布�；谏鲜鲅芯拷Y(jié)果分別給出了光柄菇科下分屬檢索表、光柄菇屬下分組和分種檢索表、以及小包腳菇屬的分種檢索表。發(fā)現(xiàn)的6個(gè)新種分別為:朱紅光柄菇P.cinnabarinus、灰頂光柄菇P.griseodiscus、暗紫光柄菇P.purpureofuscus、條紋光柄菇P.striatus、赭色光柄菇P.vinosobrunneus和灰褐小包腳菇V.rava;發(fā)現(xiàn)的14個(gè)國(guó)內(nèi)新紀(jì)錄種為:楊生光柄菇P.alniphilus、盾狀光柄菇P.chrysaegis、本鄉(xiāng)光柄菇P.hongoi、北方光柄菇P.leucoborealis、藍(lán)腿光柄菇P.padanilus、淡色光柄菇P.pallidus、馴鹿光柄菇P.rangifer、羅氏光柄菇P.romellii、鹿色光柄菇P.shikae、墨色光柄菇P.sepiicolor、木生光柄菇P.xylophilus、韓國(guó)小包腳菇V.koreana、牙買加小包腳菇V.jamaicensis和無(wú)囊小包腳菇V.nullicystidiata。系統(tǒng)發(fā)育研究則結(jié)合基因片段ITS和LSU,運(yùn)用最大簡(jiǎn)約法和貝葉斯法對(duì)光柄菇科下光柄菇屬和小包腳菇屬進(jìn)行了分子發(fā)育分析�；贚SU序列的研究結(jié)果表明:目前傳統(tǒng)分類系統(tǒng)中光柄菇科并不表現(xiàn)為單系起源,科下光柄菇屬和小包腳菇屬種類并未聚在一起,而是在各自形成的分枝間夾雜其他分類群;但光柄菇屬類群表現(xiàn)為單系起源,而小包腳菇屬則表現(xiàn)為多源性,小包腳菇屬的發(fā)育學(xué)地位還有待進(jìn)一步研究�；贗TS序列的發(fā)育分析結(jié)果得出:1)再次驗(yàn)證了光柄菇屬為單系起源,該屬發(fā)育群中也包含了傳統(tǒng)分類學(xué)上屬于矮菇屬的種類(具菌環(huán)的種類,如P.fenzlii和乳突光柄菇P.mammillatus);其屬下分組section Pluteus Fr.,section Hisperderma Fay.和section Celluloderma Fay.也基本得到了分子證據(jù)的支持,但基于菌蓋皮層的細(xì)胞類型作為光柄菇屬下分組或分亞組的主要區(qū)別特征需要尋找更多的分子證據(jù);此外,光柄菇屬中同一種類,在生態(tài)地理學(xué)方面具有一定的相關(guān)性;2)小包腳菇屬為單系起源得到了分子支持,屬下類群明顯表現(xiàn)出兩分枝,即托光柄菇屬類群分枝和除托光柄菇屬類群之外的小包腳菇屬類群分枝;此外小包腳菇屬類群的分子系統(tǒng)發(fā)育表現(xiàn)出一定的地域性,如來(lái)自我國(guó)的種類有聚類在一起的趨勢(shì)。此外,對(duì)我國(guó)光柄菇屬種類(50種)進(jìn)行了初步的分類學(xué)成份和區(qū)系分析:模式產(chǎn)地為歐洲的種類有22種(占總數(shù)的44%),美洲種類11種(占總數(shù)的22%),亞洲種類16種(占總數(shù)的32%),非洲種類1種(占總數(shù)的2%);基于其分布規(guī)律可得出光柄菇屬分布的熱點(diǎn)區(qū)域?qū)?yīng)的也是生物多樣性豐富的地區(qū)。而在亞洲區(qū)系成份(16種,占總數(shù)32%)中:南亞次大陸成份有4種,占總數(shù)的8%;東亞成份有12種,占總數(shù)的24%。其中東亞成份中:日本有3種,占總數(shù)的6%;俄羅斯遠(yuǎn)東地區(qū)(西伯利亞)2種,占總數(shù)的4%;而我國(guó)的特有成份7種,占總數(shù)的14%。這一結(jié)果基本與各區(qū)域的生物多樣性豐度呈正相關(guān)。
[Abstract]:Prouus Fr. and Volvariella Speg. The fungi belong to Basidiomycete, Baidota, Agaricales, and Prouteacean Kool. Pouzar, which is a common pink spore group in large-scale fungi. In this paper, a comprehensive taxonomic study was carried out in the light of the species of the light-stem and the small-packet-foot-mushroom in the light-stem and mushroom, combined with the classical taxonomy and the molecular systematics. The development of the morphological study is mainly through the review of the main specimens of our country and the identification of newly acquired specimens in recent years. On the basis of the study of over 700 specimens in China,50 species of the genus and 16 species of the genus Agrocybe of China were confirmed. Of these,11 new species and 11 new records from China were found. At the same time,38 classification units (species, varieties), which have been reported in China, were studied, six different names were combined, and the distribution of 2 species in China and one informal publication were excluded. Three new records in China were studied, and the 22 classification units (species, varieties), which have been reported in China, were studied, and the distribution of 2 species in China was excluded. Based on the results of the above-mentioned research, a search table, a subpacket and a seed search table, and a species search table of the genus Pteroides, respectively, are given. The six new species were: P. cinnabarinus, P. grisea, P. griseboiscus, P. purpureofuscus, P. striatus, P. viginosobrunneus, and V. rava, respectively. P. leucifera, P. pleanilus, P. dellidus, P. padanilus, P. dellidus, P. angifer, P. sepciolor, P. shikae, P. sepciolor, P. xylophylus, Korean small-packet-foot mushroom, V. korigana, and small-packet-foot mushroom, V. nullicystidiata. In the phylogenetic studies, the molecular development of the genus and the small genus of the genus Pteroides is carried out by using the most simple method and the Bayesian method in combination with the gene fragments ITS and LSU. The results of the LSU-based sequence show that in the present traditional classification system, the light-stem and mushroom family does not appear as a single-line origin, and the species of the lower-and-lower-order and the small-packet-type mushroom are not grouped together, but other classification groups are included among the branches formed respectively; However, the species of the genus Agrocybe is a single-line origin, while the genus Pteroides is a multi-source, and the developmental status of the genus Pteroides is still to be studied further. The results of the development and analysis based on ITS sequence are as follows:1) The origin of the genus Pteroides is verified again, and the species of the genus Pteroides (P. fenzlii and P. mamaillatus, P. fenzlii and P. mamaillatus), which belong to the genus Dwarf, are also included in the development group, and the subordinate grouping section of the genus Prouteus Fr., the section Hisperderma Fay. 鍜宻ection Celluloderma Fay. the support of the molecular evidence is also basically obtained, but the cell type based on the protective layer of the sclerotium is used as the main difference characteristic of the subgroup or a sub-group of the light-stem mushroom, so that more molecular evidence is needed; in addition, the same kind of the cymophila is of certain relevance in the aspect of ecological geography; 2) The genus Pteroides is a single-line origin, and there are two branches, namely, the branch of the genus Tomophila and the group of the genus Pteroides except the genus Ptolacea. In addition, the molecular phylogeny of the genus Pteroides has a certain region, such as the tendency of cluster in the species from China. In addition, there are 22 species (44% of the total),11 species of the Americas (22% of the total) and 16 species (32% of the total). 1 species in Africa (2% of the total); and based on the distribution rule, it can be concluded that the hot spot area of the genus Olentus is also the area where the biodiversity is rich. In the Asian region (16 species,32% of the total), there are 4 species in the southern subcontinent, accounting for 8% of the total; there are 12 East Asian components, accounting for 24% of the total. Among the East Asian components, there are 3 species in Japan, accounting for 6% of the total;2 in the Russian Far East (Siberia), accounting for 4% of the total; and 7 of the endemic components in China, accounting for 14% of the total. This result is essentially positively related to the abundance of biodiversity in the various regions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：Q949.32
，
本文編號(hào)：2496920
[Abstract]:Prouus Fr. and Volvariella Speg. The fungi belong to Basidiomycete, Baidota, Agaricales, and Prouteacean Kool. Pouzar, which is a common pink spore group in large-scale fungi. In this paper, a comprehensive taxonomic study was carried out in the light of the species of the light-stem and the small-packet-foot-mushroom in the light-stem and mushroom, combined with the classical taxonomy and the molecular systematics. The development of the morphological study is mainly through the review of the main specimens of our country and the identification of newly acquired specimens in recent years. On the basis of the study of over 700 specimens in China,50 species of the genus and 16 species of the genus Agrocybe of China were confirmed. Of these,11 new species and 11 new records from China were found. At the same time,38 classification units (species, varieties), which have been reported in China, were studied, six different names were combined, and the distribution of 2 species in China and one informal publication were excluded. Three new records in China were studied, and the 22 classification units (species, varieties), which have been reported in China, were studied, and the distribution of 2 species in China was excluded. Based on the results of the above-mentioned research, a search table, a subpacket and a seed search table, and a species search table of the genus Pteroides, respectively, are given. The six new species were: P. cinnabarinus, P. grisea, P. griseboiscus, P. purpureofuscus, P. striatus, P. viginosobrunneus, and V. rava, respectively. P. leucifera, P. pleanilus, P. dellidus, P. padanilus, P. dellidus, P. angifer, P. sepciolor, P. shikae, P. sepciolor, P. xylophylus, Korean small-packet-foot mushroom, V. korigana, and small-packet-foot mushroom, V. nullicystidiata. In the phylogenetic studies, the molecular development of the genus and the small genus of the genus Pteroides is carried out by using the most simple method and the Bayesian method in combination with the gene fragments ITS and LSU. The results of the LSU-based sequence show that in the present traditional classification system, the light-stem and mushroom family does not appear as a single-line origin, and the species of the lower-and-lower-order and the small-packet-type mushroom are not grouped together, but other classification groups are included among the branches formed respectively; However, the species of the genus Agrocybe is a single-line origin, while the genus Pteroides is a multi-source, and the developmental status of the genus Pteroides is still to be studied further. The results of the development and analysis based on ITS sequence are as follows:1) The origin of the genus Pteroides is verified again, and the species of the genus Pteroides (P. fenzlii and P. mamaillatus, P. fenzlii and P. mamaillatus), which belong to the genus Dwarf, are also included in the development group, and the subordinate grouping section of the genus Prouteus Fr., the section Hisperderma Fay. 鍜宻ection Celluloderma Fay. the support of the molecular evidence is also basically obtained, but the cell type based on the protective layer of the sclerotium is used as the main difference characteristic of the subgroup or a sub-group of the light-stem mushroom, so that more molecular evidence is needed; in addition, the same kind of the cymophila is of certain relevance in the aspect of ecological geography; 2) The genus Pteroides is a single-line origin, and there are two branches, namely, the branch of the genus Tomophila and the group of the genus Pteroides except the genus Ptolacea. In addition, the molecular phylogeny of the genus Pteroides has a certain region, such as the tendency of cluster in the species from China. In addition, there are 22 species (44% of the total),11 species of the Americas (22% of the total) and 16 species (32% of the total). 1 species in Africa (2% of the total); and based on the distribution rule, it can be concluded that the hot spot area of the genus Olentus is also the area where the biodiversity is rich. In the Asian region (16 species,32% of the total), there are 4 species in the southern subcontinent, accounting for 8% of the total; there are 12 East Asian components, accounting for 24% of the total. Among the East Asian components, there are 3 species in Japan, accounting for 6% of the total;2 in the Russian Far East (Siberia), accounting for 4% of the total; and 7 of the endemic components in China, accounting for 14% of the total. This result is essentially positively related to the abundance of biodiversity in the various regions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：Q949.32
，
本文編號(hào)：2496920
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/shoufeilunwen/jckxbs/2496920.html
最近更新
教材專著
