【摘要】：自適應(yīng)光學(xué)(Adaptive Optics,AO)是一種實(shí)時(shí)探測(cè)并補(bǔ)償波前畸變的技術(shù),在天文成像、激光光束控制、自由空間激光通信、視網(wǎng)膜成像、顯微成像、空間光學(xué)等領(lǐng)域具有廣泛的應(yīng)用。盡管自適應(yīng)光學(xué)在很多領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)取得了很大的成功,然而自適應(yīng)光學(xué)在控制方法、非共光路像差校正等方面仍然存在著可以進(jìn)一步提高的地方。開展自適應(yīng)光學(xué)測(cè)試與系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化的研究,對(duì)測(cè)量、分析和提高自適應(yīng)光學(xué)系統(tǒng)的性能具有重要意義。自適應(yīng)光學(xué)測(cè)試與系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化涵蓋的內(nèi)容很多,本文結(jié)合工程應(yīng)用中的實(shí)際需求,選擇波前處理器測(cè)試方法、自適應(yīng)光學(xué)系統(tǒng)性能測(cè)試方法、利用波前處理器校正非共光路像差的方法,以及評(píng)價(jià)與改善區(qū)域重構(gòu)方法的閉環(huán)控制穩(wěn)定性等四項(xiàng)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行研究,開展了以下研究工作:1、介紹了自適應(yīng)光學(xué)原理和自適應(yīng)光學(xué)系統(tǒng)的組成;總結(jié)并分析了自適應(yīng)光學(xué)的重構(gòu)算法;闡明了自適應(yīng)光學(xué)系統(tǒng)中的誤差來源和抑制誤差的方法;推導(dǎo)并實(shí)現(xiàn)了一種基于離散傅里葉變換的Zernike多項(xiàng)式快速算法。2、對(duì)于基于FPGA的波前處理器硬件調(diào)試過程中的中間計(jì)算結(jié)果不易監(jiān)測(cè)、調(diào)試比較困難的問題,設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)了一種利用上位機(jī)軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)波前處理器測(cè)試的方案。這種方法能夠分步測(cè)試波前處理器的中間計(jì)算結(jié)果,也能夠避免硬件調(diào)試中的不當(dāng)輸出對(duì)精密的波前校正器帶來損害。首先,對(duì)波前處理器的功能、組成和工作流程進(jìn)行了分析,確定了波前處理器的測(cè)試步驟。然后,通過判斷波前處理器的上傳數(shù)據(jù)來測(cè)試波前處理器的工作模式、系統(tǒng)參數(shù)是否正確設(shè)置;通過比較軟件計(jì)算值和波前處理器上傳值來測(cè)試波前處理器的波前斜率計(jì)算過程、波前重構(gòu)過程和波前控制過程。最后,將測(cè)試方法應(yīng)用于97單元自適應(yīng)光學(xué)波前處理器的測(cè)試,結(jié)果表明,波前處理器的硬件調(diào)試效率得到較大提高。經(jīng)過測(cè)試后的波前處理器能夠在自適應(yīng)光學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)中正常工作,進(jìn)行連續(xù)校正后系統(tǒng)的殘余波前像差的rms和pv分別為0.034波長(zhǎng)和0.392波長(zhǎng)。3、對(duì)于基于fpga的波前處理器不易校正非共光路像差的問題,提出了一種適合波前處理器的非共光路像差校正方法。首先,討論了非共光路像差的產(chǎn)生原因和運(yùn)用相位差異技術(shù)檢測(cè)非共光路像差的方法。然后,根據(jù)波前處理器的工作流程,推導(dǎo)了將非共光路像差折算到shack-hartmann波前探測(cè)器(sh-wfs)參考點(diǎn)偏移量的算法,編寫了實(shí)現(xiàn)算法的主控計(jì)算機(jī)軟件模塊。最后,在望遠(yuǎn)鏡光路中利用光源為目標(biāo)開展實(shí)驗(yàn),采用這種方法進(jìn)行非共光路像差校正后,目標(biāo)能量集中度提高了17.6%,證明了這種方法的可行性。4、為了滿足自適應(yīng)光學(xué)系統(tǒng)性能測(cè)試的需求,采用校正后的白光光纖光源的圖像計(jì)算strehlratio(sr)并將sr作為性能測(cè)試的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)了在一種實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)對(duì)自適應(yīng)光學(xué)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行性能測(cè)試的方法。該方法采用光學(xué)傳遞函數(shù)積分法計(jì)算sr,避免了sr計(jì)算公式中測(cè)量目標(biāo)與理想目標(biāo)能量不一致的問題;為了模擬影響自適應(yīng)光學(xué)系統(tǒng)校正效果的實(shí)際因素,該方法通過改變光源的亮度模擬不同的sh-wfs圖像信噪比,分別通過改變湍流模擬器的位置和轉(zhuǎn)速模擬不同的fried大氣相干長(zhǎng)度和greenwood頻率。最后,將本文設(shè)計(jì)的性能測(cè)試方法用于97單元自適應(yīng)光學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)性能測(cè)試。性能測(cè)試結(jié)果表明,對(duì)于中等的sh-wfs圖像信噪比,自適應(yīng)光學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)可以在fried大氣相干長(zhǎng)度大于5cm而且greenwood頻率低于60hz的條件下較好地進(jìn)行閉環(huán)校正。5、對(duì)于區(qū)域重構(gòu)法的閉環(huán)控制穩(wěn)定性劣于模式重構(gòu)法的問題,采用lyapunov穩(wěn)定性理論對(duì)穩(wěn)定性的評(píng)價(jià)與改善開展了研究。基于lyapunov穩(wěn)定性理論的誤差傳播因子能夠涵蓋積分增益和響應(yīng)矩陣兩方面對(duì)穩(wěn)定性的影響,因此,采用誤差傳播因子作為閉環(huán)控制穩(wěn)定性的評(píng)價(jià)判據(jù)。采用southwell對(duì)應(yīng)方法確定sh-wfs子孔徑和變形鏡促動(dòng)器之間的位置對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系來避免fried對(duì)應(yīng)方法可能引起的waffle模式,提高穩(wěn)定性。同時(shí),采用響應(yīng)矩陣的奇異值濾波方法來提高穩(wěn)定性,并提出采用誤差傳播因子評(píng)價(jià)響應(yīng)矩陣的奇異值濾波對(duì)穩(wěn)定性的影響。通過計(jì)算誤差傳播因子,分析了不同的積分增益和濾除響應(yīng)矩陣不同個(gè)數(shù)的奇異值對(duì)閉環(huán)控制穩(wěn)定性的影響。分析結(jié)果證明響應(yīng)矩陣的奇異值濾波可以改善閉環(huán)控制的穩(wěn)定性,分析結(jié)果也說明當(dāng)積分增益很高時(shí)可以通過適當(dāng)多濾除一些響應(yīng)矩陣的奇異值來保持穩(wěn)定性。最后,通過實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)量了濾除響應(yīng)矩陣的13個(gè)最小的奇異值之后的系統(tǒng)性能,測(cè)量結(jié)果表明自適應(yīng)光學(xué)系統(tǒng)的波前校正能力仍然能夠比較好地發(fā)揮出來,濾除響應(yīng)矩陣的小部分奇異值對(duì)系統(tǒng)性能影響不大。
[Abstract]:Adaptive Optics (AO) is a technique for real-time detection and compensation of pre-wave distortion. It is widely used in the fields of astronomical imaging, laser beam control, free space laser communication, retinal imaging, microimaging, and space optics. Although the adaptive optics have made great success in many fields, the adaptive optics still have a further improvement in the control method, the non-co-optical path aberration correction, and the like. The research of self-adaptive optics test and system optimization is of great significance for measuring, analyzing and improving the performance of the adaptive optical system. The self-adaptive optical test and system optimization cover a lot of content. In this paper, the method of pre-processor test method, self-adaptive optical system performance test method, and the method of correcting non-co-optical path aberration using the pre-wave processor are selected based on the actual demand in the engineering application. The following research work is carried out: 1. The composition of the adaptive optics and the adaptive optics system is introduced, and the self-adaptive optics reconstruction algorithm is summarized and analyzed. A fast algorithm of Zernike polynomial based on discrete Fourier transform is derived and a fast algorithm of Zernike polynomial based on discrete Fourier transform is derived and a fast algorithm of Zernike polynomial based on discrete Fourier transform is derived. In order to solve the problem of difficult debugging, a scheme is designed and implemented to realize the pre-wave processor test by using the upper computer software. The method can test the middle calculation result of the wave front processor in step, and can avoid the damage to the precision wave front corrector due to improper output in the hardware debugging. First, the function, composition and workflow of the pre-wave processor are analyzed, and the test procedure of the pre-wave processor is determined. then, the working mode of the pre-wave processor is tested by judging the uploading data of the pre-wave processor, the system parameter is set correctly, the pre-wave slope calculation process of the pre-wave processor is tested by comparing the software calculation value and the pre-wave processor upload value, The pre-wave reconstruction process and the pre-wave control process. Finally, the test method is applied to the test of the 97-unit adaptive optical pre-processor, and the result shows that the hardware debugging efficiency of the pre-wave processor is greatly improved. after the pre-tested wave front processor can work normally in the self-adaptive optical experimental system, the rms and pv of the residual wave front aberration of the system after continuous correction are respectively 0.034 wavelength and 0.392 wavelength. A non-co-optical path aberration correction method suitable for a pre-wave processor is proposed. First, the cause of the non-co-optical path aberration and the method of using the phase difference technique to detect the aberration of the non-co-optical path are discussed. Then, according to the working flow of the wave front processor, the algorithm of converting the non-co-optical path image difference to the reference point offset of the shack-hartmann wave front detector (sh-wfs) is derived, and a main control computer software module for implementing the algorithm is developed. in that end, the experiment is carried out using the light source in the optical path of the telescope, and after the aberration correction of the non-co-optical path is carried out by adopting the method, the target energy concentration degree is increased by 1.7%, the feasibility of the method is proved, and 4, in order to meet the requirement of the performance test of the adaptive optical system, In this paper, the image of the corrected white-light-fiber light source is used to calculate the flow ratio (sr) and the sr is used as the evaluation index of the performance test, and a method for performing the performance test on the self-adaptive optical system in a laboratory is designed and implemented. the method adopts an optical transfer function integration method to calculate the sr, so that the problem that the measurement target is not consistent with the ideal target energy in the sr calculation formula is avoided; in order to simulate the actual factors which influence the correction effect of the adaptive optical system, According to the method, different sh-wfs image signal-to-noise ratios can be simulated by changing the brightness of the light source, and the length and the greenwood frequency of different fried air are simulated by changing the position and the rotation speed of the turbulence simulator respectively. Finally, the performance test method designed in this paper is used in the performance test of the 97-unit self-adaptive optical experimental system. the performance test results show that for medium sh-wfs image signal-to-noise ratio, the self-adaptive optical experimental system can better carry out the closed-loop correction under the condition that the length of the fried atmosphere is more than 5cm and the greenwood frequency is lower than 60hz. The stability of the closed-loop control of the region reconstruction method is inferior to that of the mode reconstruction method, and the stability evaluation and improvement are studied by using the lyapunov stability theory. The error propagation factor based on the lyapunov stability theory can cover the effect of the integral gain and the response matrix on the stability. Therefore, the error propagation factor is used as the evaluation criterion of closed-loop control stability. and the corresponding relation between the sh-wfs sub-aperture and the deformation mirror actuator is determined by using the soutwell corresponding method to avoid the waffle mode which can be caused by the fried corresponding method and improve the stability. At the same time, the singular value filtering method of the response matrix is adopted to improve the stability, and the influence of the singular value filtering on the stability of the response matrix by the error propagation factor is proposed. By calculating the error propagation factor, the effect of different integral gain and the different number of singular values of the response matrix on the stability of closed-loop control is analyzed. The results of the analysis show that the singular value filtering of the response matrix can improve the stability of closed-loop control, and the analysis results show that the stability can be maintained by appropriately filtering the singular values of some of the response matrices when the integral gain is high. Finally, the system performance after 13 minimum singular values of the response matrix is measured by the experiment, and the measurement results show that the pre-wave correction capability of the adaptive optical system can still be better, and the small part singular value of the filter response matrix is not affected by the system performance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院研究生院(長(zhǎng)春光學(xué)精密機(jī)械與物理研究所)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：O439

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