岷江上游生態(tài)水信息指標(biāo)參數(shù)遙感反演與變化監(jiān)測(cè)
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-01-24 19:38
【摘要】：森林植被作為地球生物圈的重要組成部分,與土壤、大氣在多種維度上進(jìn)行著多種形式的水分和熱量的交換。在植被與水文的相互作用中,森林植被通過林地蒸散發(fā)、大氣降水截留、枯落物截留、地表徑流、土壤入滲、水分儲(chǔ)存等水文過程與水文循環(huán)構(gòu)成復(fù)雜的相互制約與反饋機(jī)制。生態(tài)水層以地球表面的植被層為中心,形成水循環(huán)過程中一個(gè)特殊的過渡帶或緩存帶,直接影響著水循環(huán)中各水資源量的滯留時(shí)間與動(dòng)態(tài)分配過程。生態(tài)水層作為水循環(huán)圈層中一個(gè)相對(duì)獨(dú)立的實(shí)體,在森林水文循環(huán)中扮演重要角色,但其資源量具有宏觀性與空間分異性,尤其在生態(tài)與水文過程參數(shù)隨空間分布劇烈變化的內(nèi)陸河流域,通過常規(guī)方法難以有效獲取其資源量。因此,如何有效利用遙感等新技術(shù)的多尺度分布式數(shù)據(jù)獲取能力,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)生態(tài)水的量化觀測(cè),為查明岷江上游流域地區(qū)的生態(tài)水資源量及其時(shí)空分布與變化特征提供理論與技術(shù)支持,對(duì)區(qū)域水循環(huán)研究具有重要的理論價(jià)值與實(shí)踐意義。生態(tài)水前期研究表明,利用植被生物物理參數(shù)、土壤含水等因子在多波段、多時(shí)相遙感數(shù)據(jù)中的波譜特征宏觀反映,能夠?qū)Σ糠稚鷳B(tài)水參數(shù)建立遙感反演模型。但生態(tài)水前期研究側(cè)重于光學(xué)遙感領(lǐng)域,在氣候條件惡劣的地區(qū),難以有效獲取高質(zhì)量光學(xué)遙感影像,對(duì)開展生態(tài)水研究尤其是其時(shí)空動(dòng)態(tài)研究具有一定局限性。微波遙感具有全天候、全天時(shí)對(duì)地觀測(cè)能力,近年來在水文研究中應(yīng)用日益廣泛,已在大氣降水、土壤水分、積雪等水文變量以及葉面積指數(shù)、植被分類信息等植被生態(tài)參數(shù)的估算中取得一定成效。因此,本文基于前期生態(tài)水研究成果,以岷江上游毛爾蓋地區(qū)為試驗(yàn)區(qū),從光學(xué)遙感與微波遙感兩個(gè)角度探索高原山區(qū)生態(tài)水參數(shù)的定量遙感反演方法,并通過多時(shí)相光學(xué)與微波遙感數(shù)據(jù),實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)生態(tài)水部分參數(shù)的變化監(jiān)測(cè)。本論文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容與創(chuàng)新成果如下:(1)利用時(shí)序雷達(dá)數(shù)據(jù)集建立了研究區(qū)土壤含水量估算模型。應(yīng)用先進(jìn)積分方程模型(AIEM)模擬了Wagner等提出的相對(duì)土壤水分估算模型的干濕端區(qū)間長(zhǎng)度,建立了研究區(qū)的相對(duì)土壤水分估算模型,并將估算結(jié)果轉(zhuǎn)換為土壤體積含水量。同時(shí),基于較大范圍地表粗糙度與入射角條件下的模擬結(jié)果,確定了C波段、L波段10dB近似區(qū)間長(zhǎng)度,該結(jié)論對(duì)于長(zhǎng)期干旱得不到濕端或長(zhǎng)期濕澇得不到干端的地區(qū)具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。(2)發(fā)展了一種基于多時(shí)相雷達(dá)遙感影像的土地覆蓋分類方法�；�7景合成孔徑干涉雷達(dá)數(shù)據(jù),采用多時(shí)相圖像融合處理技術(shù)有效抑制了雷達(dá)影像的相干斑噪聲,針對(duì)山區(qū)地形設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于升-降軌的雙視向陰影補(bǔ)償算法,改善了影像質(zhì)量,利用后向散射系數(shù)、紋理特征、相干系數(shù)、數(shù)字高程4個(gè)特征參量實(shí)現(xiàn)了支持向量機(jī)監(jiān)督分類,總分類精度為81.77%。(3)基于Van Genuchten土壤持水曲線模型,明確了土壤水飽和系數(shù)(SMS)的數(shù)學(xué)形式定義,并基于土壤體積含水量與雷達(dá)后向散射系數(shù)成強(qiáng)正相關(guān)且與尺度無關(guān)的研究結(jié)論,在假定模型各特定后向散射系數(shù)獲取時(shí)的地表狀況不變的前提下,推導(dǎo)了SMS的微波遙感反演模型。在此基礎(chǔ)上,基于時(shí)序雷達(dá)數(shù)據(jù)集建模思路,建立了適合研究區(qū)地表狀況的SMS微波遙感反演模型。(4)基于野外實(shí)測(cè)光譜與葉片等效水層厚度,建立了研究區(qū)基于復(fù)比植被指數(shù)(MSI/SR)的植被含水量光學(xué)遙感反演模型。采用溫度植被干旱指數(shù)(TVDI),引入了地表溫度高程校正模型,使用EVI替代NDVI,在此基礎(chǔ)上構(gòu)建了Ts/EVI空間,通過野外實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)與TVDI的回歸分析,建立了土壤含水量光學(xué)遙感反演模型。(5)采用多時(shí)相雷達(dá)遙感數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)研究區(qū)主要地類土壤含水量(SMC)與土壤水飽和系數(shù)(SMS)進(jìn)行了變化監(jiān)測(cè),結(jié)果顯示總體上9月SMC與SMS比7月略有下降,不同植被類型的平均SMC與SMS呈現(xiàn)常綠林地-灌木林地-草地逐次降低;采用多時(shí)相光學(xué)遙感數(shù)據(jù),實(shí)現(xiàn)了主要地類生態(tài)水涵養(yǎng)模數(shù)(MEC)的變化監(jiān)測(cè),結(jié)果顯示總體上9月MEC比6月略有下降,不同植被類型的平均MEC呈現(xiàn)常綠林-灌木林-草地逐次降低。
[Abstract]:Forest vegetation, as an important part of the earth's biosphere, is in various dimensions of water and heat exchange with the soil and the atmosphere. In the interaction of the vegetation and the hydrology, the forest vegetation forms a complex mutual restriction and feedback mechanism through the hydrological processes and the hydrological cycle such as the evapotranspiration of the forest land, the interception of the atmospheric precipitation, the interception of the litter, the surface runoff, the infiltration of the soil, the water storage and the like. The ecological water layer is the center of the vegetation layer on the surface of the earth, and a special transitional zone or buffer zone is formed in the process of water circulation, and the retention time and the dynamic allocation process of the water resources in the water circulation are directly affected. As a relatively independent entity in the water circulation loop layer, the ecological water layer plays an important role in the hydrological cycle of the forest, but the amount of the ecological water layer has the characteristics of macroscopic and spatial heterogeneity, especially in the inland river basin with great changes of the ecological and hydrological process parameters with the space distribution, it is difficult to obtain the amount of resources effectively by the conventional method. Therefore, how to effectively utilize the multi-scale distributed data acquisition capability of new technologies such as remote sensing to realize the quantitative observation of the ecological water is to provide the theoretical and technical support for the identification of the ecological water resources, the spatial and spatial distribution and the change characteristics of the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, It is of great theoretical value and practical significance to study the regional water circulation. The preliminary study of the ecological water shows that the spectral characteristics of the soil water and other factors in the multi-band and multi-phase remote sensing data are reflected in the multi-band and multi-phase remote sensing data, and the remote sensing inversion model can be established for some of the ecological water parameters. However, the early research of ecological water has focused on the field of optical remote sensing, and it is difficult to obtain high-quality optical remote sensing images in areas with bad weather conditions, and has certain limitations on the research of ecological water, especially its space-time dynamic research. The microwave remote sensing has an all-weather and all-day observation capability. In recent years, the application of microwave remote sensing has been widely used in the study of hydrology. It has achieved some effect in the estimation of the hydrological variables such as atmospheric precipitation, soil moisture, snow and other vegetation ecological parameters such as leaf area index and vegetation classification information. Therefore, based on the research results of the early-stage ecological water, the quantitative remote sensing and inversion method of the ecological water parameters in the high-altitude mountain area is explored from two angles of optical remote sensing and microwave remote sensing based on the research results of the early-stage ecological water, and the multi-time phase optical and microwave remote sensing data are adopted, and the change monitoring of the partial parameters of the ecological water is realized. The main contents and innovations of this thesis are as follows: (1) The model of soil moisture content in the study area is established by using the time series radar data set. By using the advanced integral equation model (ADEM), the relative soil moisture estimation model proposed by Wagner et al. is simulated, and the relative soil moisture estimation model of the study area is established, and the estimated result is converted into the soil volume water content. At the same time, the approximate interval length of C-band and L-band is determined based on the simulation results under the condition of large-range surface roughness and incident angle. (2) The method of land cover classification based on multi-time-phase radar remote sensing image is developed. Based on the 7-view synthetic aperture interference radar data, the coherent speckle noise of the radar image is effectively suppressed by using the multi-time phase image fusion processing technology, a dual-view shadow compensation algorithm based on the lift-down rail is designed for mountainous terrain, the image quality is improved, and the backward scattering coefficient is utilized, The classification of the support vector machine is realized by the texture feature, the coherence coefficient, the digital elevation and the four characteristic parameters. The total classification accuracy is 81.77%. (3) Based on the water-holding curve model of the Van Genuchten soil, the mathematical form definition of the soil water saturation coefficient (SMS) is defined, and the study conclusion is based on the study conclusion that the soil volume water content is strongly positive correlation with the backward scattering coefficient of the radar and is not related to the scale, The microwave remote sensing inversion model of SMS is derived on the premise of the assumption that the surface condition of the model after each specific backward scattering coefficient is unchanged. On this basis, based on the time-series radar data set modeling method, an SMS microwave remote sensing inversion model suitable for the surface condition of the study area is established. (4) Based on the field measured spectrum and the thickness of the equivalent water layer of the blade, the optical remote sensing inversion model of the vegetation water content based on the complex ratio vegetation index (MSI/ SR) was established. Using the temperature vegetation drought index (TVDI), the surface temperature elevation correction model was introduced. Using the EVI instead of the NDVI, the Ts/ EVI space was constructed, and the soil moisture content optical remote sensing inversion model was established by the regression analysis of the field measured data and the TVDI. (5) The main soil moisture content (SMC) and soil water saturation coefficient (SMS) in the study area were monitored by multi-time-phase radar remote sensing data. The results showed that the SMC and SMS decreased slightly in September. The average SMC and SMS of different vegetation types show that the green forest land-forest land-grassland is gradually reduced, and the multi-time phase optical remote sensing data is adopted to realize the change monitoring of the main ecological water conservation modulus (MEC). The results show that the MEC has a slight decrease in September MEC than in June. The average MEC of different vegetation types showed a gradual decrease of the evergreen forest-deciduous forest-grassland.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P237;P332
，
本文編號(hào)：2414774
[Abstract]:Forest vegetation, as an important part of the earth's biosphere, is in various dimensions of water and heat exchange with the soil and the atmosphere. In the interaction of the vegetation and the hydrology, the forest vegetation forms a complex mutual restriction and feedback mechanism through the hydrological processes and the hydrological cycle such as the evapotranspiration of the forest land, the interception of the atmospheric precipitation, the interception of the litter, the surface runoff, the infiltration of the soil, the water storage and the like. The ecological water layer is the center of the vegetation layer on the surface of the earth, and a special transitional zone or buffer zone is formed in the process of water circulation, and the retention time and the dynamic allocation process of the water resources in the water circulation are directly affected. As a relatively independent entity in the water circulation loop layer, the ecological water layer plays an important role in the hydrological cycle of the forest, but the amount of the ecological water layer has the characteristics of macroscopic and spatial heterogeneity, especially in the inland river basin with great changes of the ecological and hydrological process parameters with the space distribution, it is difficult to obtain the amount of resources effectively by the conventional method. Therefore, how to effectively utilize the multi-scale distributed data acquisition capability of new technologies such as remote sensing to realize the quantitative observation of the ecological water is to provide the theoretical and technical support for the identification of the ecological water resources, the spatial and spatial distribution and the change characteristics of the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, It is of great theoretical value and practical significance to study the regional water circulation. The preliminary study of the ecological water shows that the spectral characteristics of the soil water and other factors in the multi-band and multi-phase remote sensing data are reflected in the multi-band and multi-phase remote sensing data, and the remote sensing inversion model can be established for some of the ecological water parameters. However, the early research of ecological water has focused on the field of optical remote sensing, and it is difficult to obtain high-quality optical remote sensing images in areas with bad weather conditions, and has certain limitations on the research of ecological water, especially its space-time dynamic research. The microwave remote sensing has an all-weather and all-day observation capability. In recent years, the application of microwave remote sensing has been widely used in the study of hydrology. It has achieved some effect in the estimation of the hydrological variables such as atmospheric precipitation, soil moisture, snow and other vegetation ecological parameters such as leaf area index and vegetation classification information. Therefore, based on the research results of the early-stage ecological water, the quantitative remote sensing and inversion method of the ecological water parameters in the high-altitude mountain area is explored from two angles of optical remote sensing and microwave remote sensing based on the research results of the early-stage ecological water, and the multi-time phase optical and microwave remote sensing data are adopted, and the change monitoring of the partial parameters of the ecological water is realized. The main contents and innovations of this thesis are as follows: (1) The model of soil moisture content in the study area is established by using the time series radar data set. By using the advanced integral equation model (ADEM), the relative soil moisture estimation model proposed by Wagner et al. is simulated, and the relative soil moisture estimation model of the study area is established, and the estimated result is converted into the soil volume water content. At the same time, the approximate interval length of C-band and L-band is determined based on the simulation results under the condition of large-range surface roughness and incident angle. (2) The method of land cover classification based on multi-time-phase radar remote sensing image is developed. Based on the 7-view synthetic aperture interference radar data, the coherent speckle noise of the radar image is effectively suppressed by using the multi-time phase image fusion processing technology, a dual-view shadow compensation algorithm based on the lift-down rail is designed for mountainous terrain, the image quality is improved, and the backward scattering coefficient is utilized, The classification of the support vector machine is realized by the texture feature, the coherence coefficient, the digital elevation and the four characteristic parameters. The total classification accuracy is 81.77%. (3) Based on the water-holding curve model of the Van Genuchten soil, the mathematical form definition of the soil water saturation coefficient (SMS) is defined, and the study conclusion is based on the study conclusion that the soil volume water content is strongly positive correlation with the backward scattering coefficient of the radar and is not related to the scale, The microwave remote sensing inversion model of SMS is derived on the premise of the assumption that the surface condition of the model after each specific backward scattering coefficient is unchanged. On this basis, based on the time-series radar data set modeling method, an SMS microwave remote sensing inversion model suitable for the surface condition of the study area is established. (4) Based on the field measured spectrum and the thickness of the equivalent water layer of the blade, the optical remote sensing inversion model of the vegetation water content based on the complex ratio vegetation index (MSI/ SR) was established. Using the temperature vegetation drought index (TVDI), the surface temperature elevation correction model was introduced. Using the EVI instead of the NDVI, the Ts/ EVI space was constructed, and the soil moisture content optical remote sensing inversion model was established by the regression analysis of the field measured data and the TVDI. (5) The main soil moisture content (SMC) and soil water saturation coefficient (SMS) in the study area were monitored by multi-time-phase radar remote sensing data. The results showed that the SMC and SMS decreased slightly in September. The average SMC and SMS of different vegetation types show that the green forest land-forest land-grassland is gradually reduced, and the multi-time phase optical remote sensing data is adopted to realize the change monitoring of the main ecological water conservation modulus (MEC). The results show that the MEC has a slight decrease in September MEC than in June. The average MEC of different vegetation types showed a gradual decrease of the evergreen forest-deciduous forest-grassland.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P237;P332
，
本文編號(hào)：2414774
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