【摘要】：隨著量子光學(xué)和量子信息科學(xué)的發(fā)展,人們發(fā)現(xiàn)量子噪聲壓縮和量子糾纏是非常重要的量子資源,可以在信息與計(jì)算領(lǐng)域完成經(jīng)典物理不可能完成的工作,諸如利用糾纏態(tài)光場(chǎng)實(shí)現(xiàn)量子離物傳態(tài)、量子密集編碼、量子糾纏交換及量子計(jì)算等。近年來(lái),量子信息科學(xué)正朝著實(shí)用化方向發(fā)展,而作為連續(xù)變量量子信息處理必備的非經(jīng)典光源的壓縮態(tài)光場(chǎng)及通過(guò)壓縮態(tài)光場(chǎng)構(gòu)建的EPR糾纏態(tài)光場(chǎng),必須具備小型化、集成化、數(shù)字化、能夠長(zhǎng)時(shí)間穩(wěn)定運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的特點(diǎn)。全固態(tài)雙波長(zhǎng)連續(xù)單頻激光器,是產(chǎn)生連續(xù)變量壓縮態(tài)光場(chǎng)的最重要組成部分。首先在連續(xù)變量壓縮態(tài)光場(chǎng)產(chǎn)生過(guò)程中,作為泵浦源的全固態(tài)雙波長(zhǎng)單頻激光器產(chǎn)生的相干態(tài)光場(chǎng)被分別用作簡(jiǎn)并光學(xué)參量放大器DOPA的抽運(yùn)光和種子光,其次在壓縮態(tài)光場(chǎng)的平衡零拍探測(cè)系統(tǒng)中,激光器輸出的基頻光(相干態(tài))作為本地振蕩光來(lái)放大待測(cè)的微弱信號(hào)光(壓縮態(tài)),并生成相應(yīng)的散粒噪聲基準(zhǔn)。因此全固態(tài)雙波長(zhǎng)單頻激光器性能的好壞將直接影響壓縮態(tài)光場(chǎng)壓縮度的產(chǎn)生和測(cè)量。為了獲得穩(wěn)定的高功率、單頻以及理想光束質(zhì)量的激光輸出,山西大學(xué)光電研究所相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)小組提出了一系列針對(duì)激光器腔形設(shè)計(jì)方面的實(shí)驗(yàn)解決方案,而我們則將注意力更多的放在如何設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)化激光器的控制系統(tǒng)上,針對(duì)激光器系統(tǒng)要求溫度控制系統(tǒng)不僅具有精度高而且穩(wěn)定度高的特點(diǎn),設(shè)計(jì)了高精度溫度控制系統(tǒng)。同時(shí),為了最終得到可實(shí)用化的連續(xù)變量壓縮源系統(tǒng),我們對(duì)溫度控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了小型化、智能化、低能耗等性能的優(yōu)化,從而提高整個(gè)非經(jīng)典光源系統(tǒng)的性能。在實(shí)驗(yàn)中不僅需要產(chǎn)生穩(wěn)定的高壓縮度的壓縮態(tài)光場(chǎng),并且準(zhǔn)確測(cè)量其壓縮度同等重要。為了尋求一種能夠準(zhǔn)確測(cè)量量子噪聲抑制的探測(cè)方法,許多實(shí)驗(yàn)小組也開(kāi)展了高性能探測(cè)器方面的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,而平衡零拍探測(cè)方法由于具有能夠有效地降低經(jīng)典噪聲,放大信號(hào)光和直接表征信號(hào)光的正交分量起伏量的優(yōu)點(diǎn),而成為連續(xù)變量量子信息科學(xué)研究中測(cè)量壓縮態(tài)量子噪聲的最佳方法之一。本論文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容及取得的成果如下：1、完成了小型化的連續(xù)變量壓縮源控制系統(tǒng)的研制,并將其應(yīng)用到波長(zhǎng)為1.06μm的壓縮源整機(jī)系統(tǒng)中,該整套樣機(jī)已提供給中國(guó)空間技術(shù)研究院508所用于量子空間遙感技術(shù)的研究,并獲得較高評(píng)價(jià)。該控制系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了小型化、智能化的激光器控制系統(tǒng)、一體化的鎖定控制系統(tǒng)和高性能的平衡零拍探測(cè)系統(tǒng)。2、研制開(kāi)發(fā)了小型化、智能化的高精度數(shù)字溫度控制系統(tǒng),并將其配套于全固態(tài)單頻綠光激光器中,通過(guò)軟件設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了系統(tǒng)的自動(dòng)開(kāi)關(guān)機(jī)過(guò)程,工作過(guò)程中各路溫度失控時(shí)的自動(dòng)報(bào)警及保護(hù)功能,現(xiàn)已將其作為產(chǎn)品在全國(guó)多處科研院所應(yīng)用。高精度數(shù)字溫度控制系統(tǒng)結(jié)合變速積分PID控制算法,利用分辨率高達(dá)14位的HRPWM技術(shù)控制雙路全橋驅(qū)動(dòng)器為TEC提供最大14A的電流,同時(shí),對(duì)系統(tǒng)中的常溫溫度控制和高溫溫度控制部分分別采用恒流源和恒壓源方式作為溫度檢測(cè)電路。從而提高了溫度控制系統(tǒng)的控制精度和能力。該系統(tǒng)同時(shí)含有四路獨(dú)立的常溫控溫(10-40℃)模塊和一路高溫(120-160℃)控溫模塊,系統(tǒng)各路的控溫精度均優(yōu)于±0.005℃。最終提高了全固態(tài)連續(xù)單頻激光器功率及頻率穩(wěn)定性,從而有效改善了壓縮態(tài)光場(chǎng)的穩(wěn)定性。3、基于平衡零拍探測(cè)的理論,利用干涉效率和共模抑制比的概念,定量地分析了非理想平衡零拍探測(cè)對(duì)測(cè)量壓縮度的影響,構(gòu)建了測(cè)量偏差、實(shí)際壓縮度、50/50分束器的分束比、干涉效率和共模抑相比的關(guān)系,這對(duì)于通過(guò)測(cè)量的壓縮度來(lái)分析壓縮態(tài)的實(shí)際壓縮度非常重要。4、基于平衡零拍探測(cè)器的自減方案,以及對(duì)光電二極管的等效電路的分析,得到兩個(gè)光電二極管的光電流對(duì)共模抑制比的影響分為兩方面,即光電流的振幅差異和位相差異。由光電管的量子效率和暗電流引起的光電流的振幅差異可以通過(guò)精細(xì)的調(diào)節(jié)分束器的分?jǐn)?shù)比來(lái)得以補(bǔ)償。而由光電管的等效電容和串聯(lián)電阻引起的光電流的位相差異通過(guò)差分微調(diào)電路和可調(diào)的偏置電壓來(lái)得以補(bǔ)償。最終完成了低噪聲、高增益和高共模抑制比的平衡零拍探測(cè)器的設(shè)計(jì)并將其產(chǎn)品化,在探測(cè)器中安裝任意兩個(gè)ETX500,我們獲得了激光功率1mW時(shí)散粒噪聲譜在2MHz處高于電子學(xué)噪聲20dB,探測(cè)器的飽和功率為54mW,共模抑制比為75.2dB。該探測(cè)器能很好地滿足壓縮態(tài)探測(cè)對(duì)低噪聲、高增益、高飽和功率及高共模抑制比的要求。
[Abstract]:With the development of quantum optics and quantum information science, it is found that quantum noise compression and quantum entanglement are very important quantum resources, and can complete the work of the classical physical impossibility in the field of information and calculation, such as using the entangled state light field to realize the quantum separation state, Quantum dense coding, quantum entanglement exchange and quantum computation, etc. In recent years, the quantum information science is developing in the practical direction, and as a necessary non-classical light source in the continuous variable quantum information processing and the EPR entangled state light field constructed by the compressed state light field, the quantum information science has to be miniaturized, integrated, digitized, and can be stably operated for a long time. All-solid-state dual-wavelength continuous single-frequency laser is one of the most important components of a continuous variable compression state optical field. firstly, in a continuous variable compression state light field generation process, the coherent state light field generated as an all-solid-state dual-wavelength single-frequency laser as a pump source is used as the pumping light and the seed light of the degenerate optical parametric amplifier DOPA, respectively, The fundamental frequency light (coherent state) output by the laser is used as the local oscillation light to amplify the weak signal light (compressed state) to be measured, and a corresponding dispersion noise reference is generated. Therefore, the performance of all-solid-state dual-wavelength single-frequency laser will directly affect the generation and measurement of the compression degree of the squeezed optical field. In order to obtain stable high power, single-frequency and ideal beam quality laser output, the relevant experimental group of the Institute of photoelectric research of the University of Shanxi University has proposed a series of experimental solutions for laser cavity-shaped design. And we focus more on how to design and optimize the control system of the laser, and the high-precision temperature control system is designed for the laser system, which requires the temperature control system not only has the characteristics of high precision and high stability. At the same time, in order to get a practical continuous variable compression source system, we have carried out the optimization of the temperature control system, such as miniaturization, intellectualization, low energy consumption and so on, so as to improve the performance of the whole non-classical light source system. In the experiment, it is not only necessary to produce a steady high-compression-state optical field, but also to measure the degree of compression equally important. In order to find a detection method capable of accurately measuring the quantum noise suppression, many experimental groups have also carried out the experimental research on the high-performance detector, and the balanced zero-beat detection method has the advantages of being capable of effectively reducing the classical noise, It is one of the best ways to measure the quantum noise of compressed state in the research of quantum information of continuous variable. The main research contents and achievements of this paper are as follows: 1. The development of a miniaturized continuous variable compression source control system is completed, and it is applied to a compressed source system with a wavelength of 1.06. m The prototype has been provided to the Chinese Academy of Space Technology 508 for the research of the quantum space remote sensing technology, and has obtained a higher evaluation. the control system realizes the miniaturization, the intelligent laser control system, the integrated lock control system and the high-performance balanced zero-shooting detection system. and it is matched with all-solid-state single-frequency green light laser, and the automatic switch machine process of the system is realized through the software design, and the automatic alarm and protection function during the control of each temperature in the working process is realized, and the automatic switch machine has been applied as a product in a plurality of scientific research institutions throughout the country. The high-precision digital temperature control system combines the variable speed integral PID control algorithm to control the two-way full-bridge driver to provide the maximum 14A current to the TEC by using the HRPWM technology with high resolution up to 14 bits, and meanwhile, the normal-temperature temperature control and the high-temperature temperature control part in the system are used as the temperature detection circuit by using a constant current source and a constant voltage source respectively. so that the control precision and the capability of the temperature control system are improved. The system also contains four independent temperature control modules (10-40 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2396822