【摘要】：物候?qū)W具有悠久的歷史,隨著近些年來大家對全球氣候變化的關(guān)注,作為非常適合的研究全球氣候變化方法的植物物候也逐漸成為了學(xué)者研究的熱點(diǎn)。相對于大部分生態(tài)系統(tǒng)而言,高寒生態(tài)系統(tǒng)無疑面臨著更大的氣候變化壓力。盡管如此,關(guān)于高寒植物物候的較為系統(tǒng)、全面的研究還是偏少的。目前大家較為認(rèn)可的影響植物開花物候因素包括:非生物因素(日長、溫度、降水量等)、生物因素(傳粉者、種子傳播者、采食者等)、物種間譜系發(fā)育關(guān)系及植物自身功能特征。然而大部分相關(guān)研究關(guān)注的問題都較為單一,更少有考慮這些因素對于植物開花物候的交互影響。我們分別用2008年至2012年5年高寒草甸群落與沼澤化草甸群落植物開花物候數(shù)據(jù),2008年至2014年7年高寒草甸群落植物開花物候數(shù)據(jù)與分子譜系發(fā)育樹、功能特征發(fā)育樹及氣象數(shù)據(jù)從不同角度,運(yùn)用廣義線性模型、混合效應(yīng)模型、多元譜系發(fā)育特征向量回歸分析(phylogenetic eigenvector regressions,PVR)、零模型及譜系發(fā)育信號計(jì)算對青藏高原東部高寒草甸及沼澤化草甸植物群落開花物候進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析。我們得出的主要結(jié)論如下:1.高寒植物開花物候(包括初蕾期與初果期)具有譜系發(fā)育保守性:即親緣關(guān)系相近物種更傾向于在相似時間進(jìn)行有性繁殖。在不同高寒植物群落,不同年份及不同建樹方法下,該結(jié)果依然一致。2.日長是驅(qū)動高寒草甸與沼澤化草甸植物群落開花物候的最主要因素,溫度次之,降水量與高寒植物群落物候無顯著相關(guān)性。3.氣象因子與物種間譜系發(fā)育關(guān)系共同決定了高寒植物群落開花物候格局:氣象因子顯著影響植物群落中處于開花期的物種數(shù),而物種開花時間(順序)則與物種間譜系發(fā)育關(guān)系相關(guān)。4.親緣關(guān)系相近物種傾向于在相似的日長與溫度下進(jìn)行有性繁殖。因此植物開花物候譜系發(fā)育保守性的關(guān)鍵很可能在于某個時間段內(nèi)的外界環(huán)境因素,而不是時間本身。5.我們用2008年至2014年7年青藏高原東部高寒草甸植物群落開花物候數(shù)據(jù)(初花期,開花峰期與開花持續(xù)期),分子譜系發(fā)育樹及功能特征發(fā)育樹提出并用混合線性模型驗(yàn)證了植物群落影響假說:在群落內(nèi)部物種間競爭作用較強(qiáng)的情況下,植物開花物候可能會延遲;反之,在群落內(nèi)部物種間競爭作用較弱或正相互作用較強(qiáng)的情況下,植物開花物候可能會相應(yīng)提前。6.該假說在物種水平,科水平與群落水平上均成立;表明高寒植物開花物候可能受到了穩(wěn)定持續(xù)而普遍的自然選擇。7.不同分類水平上(生活型、傳粉方式、植物高度、植株生物量及開花峰期),植物開花物候?qū)τ谥参锶郝涞牟煌憫?yīng)反映了其生活策略的差異。
[Abstract]:Phenology has a long history. With the attention paid to global climate change in recent years, plant phenology, as a very suitable method to study global climate change, has gradually become a hot spot of scholars. Compared with most ecosystems, alpine ecosystems undoubtedly face greater pressure of climate change. However, systematic studies on alpine plant phenology are still relatively rare. Some of the most recognized factors affecting flowering phenology include abiotic factors (day length, temperature, precipitation, etc.), biological factors (pollinators, seed disseminators, eaters, etc.), Phylogenetic relationships among species and the functional characteristics of plants themselves. However, most of the related studies focus on a single problem, less consider these factors on plant flowering phenology interaction. We used flowering phenological data of alpine meadow community and marshland meadow community from 2008 to 2012, and plant flowering phenological data and molecular phylogenetic tree of alpine meadow community from 2008 to 2014. From different angles, the functional feature development tree and meteorological data are analyzed by generalized linear model, mixed effect model and multivariate lineage characteristic vector regression analysis (phylogenetic eigenvector regressions,PVR). The flowering phenology of alpine meadow and swamp meadow in eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau was analyzed in detail by zero-model and pedigree development signal calculation. Our main conclusions are as follows: 1. The flowering phenology of alpine plants (including early bud and early fruiting stage) is conserved by genealogy, that is to say, similar species tend to propagate sexually at similar times. Under different alpine plant communities, different years and different tree building methods, the results are still consistent. 2. Day length was the main factor driving flowering phenology of alpine meadow and marshland meadow, followed by temperature, and precipitation had no significant correlation with alpine plant community phenology. 3. The relationship between meteorological factors and pedigree development among species determined the flowering phenological pattern of alpine plant community. Meteorological factors significantly affected the number of species in flowering period of plant community. The flowering time (order) of species was related to the phylogenetic relationship between species. 4. 4. Closely related species tend to reproduce sexually at similar day length and temperature. Therefore, the key to the development conservatism of plant flowering phenology is probably due to the external environmental factors within a certain period of time, rather than the time itself. 5. 5. From 2008 to 2014, we used flowering phenological data of alpine meadow plant communities in eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (early flowering period, flowering peak period and flowering duration). Molecular phylogenetic tree and functional developmental tree were proposed and the mixed linear model was used to verify the hypothesis of plant community influence: under the condition of strong competition among species within the community, plant flowering phenology might be delayed; On the other hand, under the condition of weak competition among species within the community or strong positive interaction, flowering phenology of plants may advance by 6. 6. This hypothesis is true at species level, family level and community level, indicating that flowering phenology of alpine plants may be subjected to stable and persistent natural selection. At different classification levels (life form, pollination mode, plant height, plant biomass and flowering peak period), the different responses of plant flowering phenology to plant community reflected the difference of their living strategies.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：Q948

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