華北地區(qū)早二疊世群囊蕨科植物及古生態(tài)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-05 19:39
【摘要】：我國(guó)華北地區(qū)的煤核植物化石豐富多樣,通過本文對(duì)華北地區(qū)煤核的植物化石研究,不僅對(duì)華夏植物區(qū)群囊蕨類植物的解剖構(gòu)造和系統(tǒng)古植物學(xué)分類有深入了解;還能從古生態(tài)學(xué)角度進(jìn)行植物個(gè)體的復(fù)原,了解蕨類植物的古生態(tài)、古地理、古環(huán)境的概況,恢復(fù)植物群的生態(tài)面貌。本文重點(diǎn)對(duì)產(chǎn)自山西太原西山煤田7號(hào)煤層(早二疊世早期)和山東南部陶棗煤田16號(hào)煤層(早二疊世早期)的煤核進(jìn)行詳細(xì)研究,經(jīng)過對(duì)標(biāo)本連續(xù)揭膜和玻片的觀察后,對(duì)真蕨類群囊蕨科植物進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的系統(tǒng)分類學(xué)的研究。鑒定并描述了具解剖構(gòu)造的莖、葉柄、羽軸、不定根、葉生芽、孢子囊和孢子等,建立了1個(gè)新屬Diodonopteris(兩齒蕨屬)和2個(gè)新種Diodonopteris gracilis(纖細(xì)兩齒蕨)和Rhabdoxylon taiyuanense(太原棒木)。Diodonopteris的主要特征是在羽軸維管束的近軸面具有兩個(gè)原生木質(zhì)部束,與Botryopteridaceae(群囊蕨科)的其他屬有所不同。Diodonopteris gracilis作為模式種,對(duì)其整體植物,包括營(yíng)養(yǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)和生殖結(jié)構(gòu),進(jìn)行了總體研究。Rhabdoxylon taiyuanense具有簡(jiǎn)單的莖和葉柄解剖構(gòu)造,對(duì)其生長(zhǎng)習(xí)性和特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了討論。本文還建立并研究了Diodonopteris cf.gracilis、Diodonopteris sp.、Rhabdoxylon sp.、Botryopteris cf.forensis,重新研究了Botryopteris tridentata。從古生態(tài)學(xué)的角度,本文重點(diǎn)討論了:1)群囊蕨科植物生態(tài)習(xí)性,認(rèn)為華北地區(qū)早二疊世早期煤核中的群囊蕨科植物大多為半直立或者直立生長(zhǎng),同時(shí)總結(jié)了影響真蕨植物生長(zhǎng)方式的因素;2)華北地區(qū)的古地理和古環(huán)境為熱帶的濕潤(rùn)環(huán)境;3)通過埋葬學(xué)分析山西煤核中的Diodonopteris gracilis為原地埋藏,而山東煤核中的Diodonopteris cf.gracilis則為異地埋藏;4)通過數(shù)量統(tǒng)計(jì),對(duì)煤核植物群落環(huán)境分析,重點(diǎn)推測(cè)7號(hào)煤層煤核植物群落的演替過程。華夏植物區(qū)早期薄囊蕨類真蕨植物的研究比歐美植物區(qū)還相對(duì)薄弱。本文通過對(duì)華北地區(qū)群囊蕨科植物的系統(tǒng)研究,豐富了華夏植物群的生物多樣性,增加了群囊蕨科植物的地理分布多樣性,為探究真蕨植物的演化和華北地區(qū)古生態(tài)環(huán)境提供了新的證據(jù),在地質(zhì)學(xué)、古植物學(xué)、古生態(tài)學(xué)中都具有科學(xué)的創(chuàng)新性。
[Abstract]:The fossil coals in North China are abundant and diverse. In this paper, not only the anatomical structure and systematic paleobotany classification of sac pteridophytes in Huaxia flora are deeply understood through the study of fossil coals in North China; From the perspective of paleoecology, we can recover individual plants, understand the paleoecology, paleogeography and paleoenvironment of ferns, and restore the ecological features of flora. In this paper, the coal cores of No. 7 coal seam (early Permian) in Xishan coalfield, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, and No. 16 coal seam (early Permian) in Taozao coalfield in southern Shandong Province are studied in detail. The systematic taxonomy of Pteridaceae was studied in detail. The anatomical structures of stem, petiole, pinnacle, adventitious root, leaf bud, sporangium and spores were identified and described. A new genus, Diodonopteris, and two new species, Diodonopteris gracilis (, are established. The main characteristics of). Diodonopteris are that there are two primary xylem bundles on the paraxial mask of plume vascular bundles. Different from other genera of Botryopteridaceae (. Diodonopteris gracilis) as model species, the whole plant, including vegetative and reproductive structures, was studied in this paper. Rhabdoxylon taiyuanense has simple anatomical structure of stem and petiole. Its growth habit and special structure are discussed. This paper also establishes and studies Diodonopteris cf.gracilis,Diodonopteris sp.,Rhabdoxylon sp.,Botryopteris cf.forensis, and restudies Botryopteris tridentata.. From the perspective of paleoecology, this paper focuses on the following aspects: 1) the ecological habits of the family Pteridaceae in North China. It is considered that most of the plants in the early Permian coal nuclei of North China are semi-erect or erect. At the same time, the factors influencing the growth pattern of Dryopteris were summarized. 2) the paleogeography and paleoenvironment of North China are tropical humid environment, 3) the Diodonopteris gracilis in Shanxi coal core is buried in situ, and the Diodonopteris cf.gracilis in Shandong coal core is buried in different places. 4) based on quantitative statistics, the environmental analysis of coal-core plant community is carried out, and the succession process of coal-core plant community in No. 7 coal seam is inferred emphatically. The study of ferns in the early stage of Cathaysian flora is relatively weak than that in Europe and America. In this paper, the systematic study on the family Pteridaceae in North China has enriched the biodiversity of the Huaxia flora and increased the geographical distribution diversity of the group. It provides new evidence for exploring the evolution of Dryopteris species and the paleoecological environment in North China, and has scientific innovation in geology, paleobotany and paleoecology.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：Q914
[Abstract]:The fossil coals in North China are abundant and diverse. In this paper, not only the anatomical structure and systematic paleobotany classification of sac pteridophytes in Huaxia flora are deeply understood through the study of fossil coals in North China; From the perspective of paleoecology, we can recover individual plants, understand the paleoecology, paleogeography and paleoenvironment of ferns, and restore the ecological features of flora. In this paper, the coal cores of No. 7 coal seam (early Permian) in Xishan coalfield, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, and No. 16 coal seam (early Permian) in Taozao coalfield in southern Shandong Province are studied in detail. The systematic taxonomy of Pteridaceae was studied in detail. The anatomical structures of stem, petiole, pinnacle, adventitious root, leaf bud, sporangium and spores were identified and described. A new genus, Diodonopteris, and two new species, Diodonopteris gracilis (, are established. The main characteristics of). Diodonopteris are that there are two primary xylem bundles on the paraxial mask of plume vascular bundles. Different from other genera of Botryopteridaceae (. Diodonopteris gracilis) as model species, the whole plant, including vegetative and reproductive structures, was studied in this paper. Rhabdoxylon taiyuanense has simple anatomical structure of stem and petiole. Its growth habit and special structure are discussed. This paper also establishes and studies Diodonopteris cf.gracilis,Diodonopteris sp.,Rhabdoxylon sp.,Botryopteris cf.forensis, and restudies Botryopteris tridentata.. From the perspective of paleoecology, this paper focuses on the following aspects: 1) the ecological habits of the family Pteridaceae in North China. It is considered that most of the plants in the early Permian coal nuclei of North China are semi-erect or erect. At the same time, the factors influencing the growth pattern of Dryopteris were summarized. 2) the paleogeography and paleoenvironment of North China are tropical humid environment, 3) the Diodonopteris gracilis in Shanxi coal core is buried in situ, and the Diodonopteris cf.gracilis in Shandong coal core is buried in different places. 4) based on quantitative statistics, the environmental analysis of coal-core plant community is carried out, and the succession process of coal-core plant community in No. 7 coal seam is inferred emphatically. The study of ferns in the early stage of Cathaysian flora is relatively weak than that in Europe and America. In this paper, the systematic study on the family Pteridaceae in North China has enriched the biodiversity of the Huaxia flora and increased the geographical distribution diversity of the group. It provides new evidence for exploring the evolution of Dryopteris species and the paleoecological environment in North China, and has scientific innovation in geology, paleobotany and paleoecology.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：Q914
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