長角亞目分子系統(tǒng)學(xué)研究（昆蟲綱：雙翅目）
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-29 21:44
【摘要】：長角亞目是雙翅目中的原始類群,包括常見的衛(wèi)生害蟲和一些重要的農(nóng)作物害蟲。長角亞目常被認(rèn)為是一個并系類群,其系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系也一直存在爭議。長角亞目次目間的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育很混亂,部分科的系統(tǒng)位置也有爭議。因此,開展長角亞目系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系的研究對于認(rèn)識該類群乃至整個雙翅目的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育與進化歷史都具有十分重要的意義。隨著測序技術(shù)的發(fā)展,轉(zhuǎn)錄組測序作為一種高效、快捷的測序方法,推動著以大數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)的昆蟲系統(tǒng)發(fā)育研究。同時,線粒體基因組由于其基因保守、母系遺傳等特點在系統(tǒng)發(fā)育研究、遺傳多樣性、物種鑒定和生物地理學(xué)方面一直具有重要作用。目前,大量的昆蟲的線粒體基因組被測定,它們被廣泛應(yīng)用于系統(tǒng)發(fā)育研究中。本論文對長角亞目3科昆蟲的轉(zhuǎn)錄組進行測序和分析。此外,還對長角亞目昆蟲的線粒體基因組進行了測序工作,共測定了 17科昆蟲的線粒體基因組序列,獲得了大量線粒體基因組數(shù)據(jù)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合已公布的轉(zhuǎn)錄組和線粒體基因組序列,對長角亞目昆蟲系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系進行了深入研究。主要結(jié)果如下:(1)測得了長角亞目3種轉(zhuǎn)錄組及20種線粒體基因組序列,得到大量數(shù)據(jù),并分別做了相關(guān)分析。其中多個科的序列為首次測得,如3科的轉(zhuǎn)錄組序列以及窗大蚊科、燭大蚊科、蛙蠓科、奇蚋科、幽蚊科、網(wǎng)蚊科、擬網(wǎng)蚊科、纓翅蚊科、毛蚊科和極蚊科等的線粒體基因組序列。(2)利用全轉(zhuǎn)錄組數(shù)據(jù)和部分功能基因組數(shù)據(jù)對長角亞目系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系進行對比研究,結(jié)果表明,部分功能基因組對研究系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系具有重要作用,但還需深入挖掘其潛在的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育信號,目前全轉(zhuǎn)錄組為研究系統(tǒng)發(fā)育的最有效手段。利用"涉及翅的生物學(xué)過程"相關(guān)基因的分析結(jié)果與全轉(zhuǎn)錄組的分析結(jié)果基本一致,次目間的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系均為:蚊次目+(大蚊次目+(蛾蚋次目+(毛蚊次目+短角亞目)))。(3)線粒體基因組的堿基異質(zhì)性等缺陷影響了長角亞目系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)。同質(zhì)模型下,利用全線粒體基因序列構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系時,無論是貝葉斯法還是最大似然法都無法得出可信的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系樹。異質(zhì)性模型下,基于貝葉斯法表明了部分次目的單系性,仍無法得到次目間的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系。最后,本研究使用5個進化速率保守的基因(COⅠ、COⅡ、COⅢ、CYTB和ATP6)構(gòu)建了長角亞目系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹,得出了較為可靠的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系。通過FcLM進一步分析網(wǎng)蚊次目、褶蚊次目和蚊次目的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系,最終基于線粒體基因組得出了長角亞目的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系為:大蚊次目+((網(wǎng)蚊次目+褶蚊次目)+蚊次目)+((蛾蚋次目+毛蚊次目)+短角亞目))。(4)明確了長角亞目各次目組成及相關(guān)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育問題。毫蚊科屬于大蚊次目,頸蠓科屬于蛾蚋次目,而極蚊科屬于毛蚊次目。FcLM分析支持蚊次目分為兩總科,奇蚋科和蚋科屬于搖蚊總科。殊蠓科則為短角亞目的姐妹群。
[Abstract]:Long-horned suborder is a primitive group of Diptera, including common sanitary pests and some important crop pests. Long-horned suborder is often considered as a congener group and its phylogenetic relationship has been controversial. The phylogeny among suborders is very chaotic, and the phylogenetic position of some families is controversial. Therefore, it is very important to study the phylogenetic relationship of the suborder Longoptera for understanding the phylogenetic and evolutionary history of this group and even the whole Diptera. With the development of sequencing technology, transcriptome sequencing, as an efficient and rapid method of sequencing, promotes the study of insect phylogeny based on big data. At the same time, mitochondrial genome plays an important role in phylogenetic research, genetic diversity, species identification and biogeography because of its conserved genes and maternal heredity. At present, a large number of insect mitochondrial genomes have been determined, they are widely used in phylogenetic research. In this paper, we sequenced and analyzed the transcriptome of 3 families. In addition, the mitochondrial genome was sequenced. A total of 17 families were sequenced and a large number of mitochondrial genome data were obtained. On this basis, the phylogenetic relationship of long-horned suborder insects was studied in combination with the published transcriptome and mitochondrial genome sequences. The main results are as follows: (1) three transcriptional groups and 20 mitochondrial genomes were sequenced and a large number of data were obtained. For example, the transcriptome sequences of 3 families, the family Candelidae, the Ceratopogonidae, the Simuliidae, the Genidae, the Neogniidae, the Anseropteridae, the Anthropoidae, the Neogniidae, the Anseroptera, Mitochondrial genome sequences of Triphelidae and Anophelidae et al. (2) the phylogenetic relationship of long horned suborder was studied by using full transcriptome data and partial functional genomic data. Partial functional genomes play an important role in the study of phylogenetic relationships, but we still need to dig into their potential phylogenetic signals. At present, full transcriptome is the most effective way to study phylogeny. The results of the analysis of genes related to the biological process of the wing were consistent with those of the whole transcriptome. The phylogenetic relationships among the suborders are as follows: the defects in the mitochondrial genome of the suborder). (_ 3 (). (_ 3) affect the long horned suborder system. The topological structure of a developed tree. In the homogeneous model, when the phylogenetic relationship is constructed by using the whole mitochondrial gene sequence, neither Bayesian nor maximum likelihood method can obtain a credible phylogenetic tree. Under the heterogeneity model, the partial subpurpose monolith is shown based on Bayesian method, but the phylogenetic relationship between suborders can not be obtained. Finally, five genes (CO 鈪，
本文編號：2298916
[Abstract]:Long-horned suborder is a primitive group of Diptera, including common sanitary pests and some important crop pests. Long-horned suborder is often considered as a congener group and its phylogenetic relationship has been controversial. The phylogeny among suborders is very chaotic, and the phylogenetic position of some families is controversial. Therefore, it is very important to study the phylogenetic relationship of the suborder Longoptera for understanding the phylogenetic and evolutionary history of this group and even the whole Diptera. With the development of sequencing technology, transcriptome sequencing, as an efficient and rapid method of sequencing, promotes the study of insect phylogeny based on big data. At the same time, mitochondrial genome plays an important role in phylogenetic research, genetic diversity, species identification and biogeography because of its conserved genes and maternal heredity. At present, a large number of insect mitochondrial genomes have been determined, they are widely used in phylogenetic research. In this paper, we sequenced and analyzed the transcriptome of 3 families. In addition, the mitochondrial genome was sequenced. A total of 17 families were sequenced and a large number of mitochondrial genome data were obtained. On this basis, the phylogenetic relationship of long-horned suborder insects was studied in combination with the published transcriptome and mitochondrial genome sequences. The main results are as follows: (1) three transcriptional groups and 20 mitochondrial genomes were sequenced and a large number of data were obtained. For example, the transcriptome sequences of 3 families, the family Candelidae, the Ceratopogonidae, the Simuliidae, the Genidae, the Neogniidae, the Anseropteridae, the Anthropoidae, the Neogniidae, the Anseroptera, Mitochondrial genome sequences of Triphelidae and Anophelidae et al. (2) the phylogenetic relationship of long horned suborder was studied by using full transcriptome data and partial functional genomic data. Partial functional genomes play an important role in the study of phylogenetic relationships, but we still need to dig into their potential phylogenetic signals. At present, full transcriptome is the most effective way to study phylogeny. The results of the analysis of genes related to the biological process of the wing were consistent with those of the whole transcriptome. The phylogenetic relationships among the suborders are as follows: the defects in the mitochondrial genome of the suborder). (_ 3 (). (_ 3) affect the long horned suborder system. The topological structure of a developed tree. In the homogeneous model, when the phylogenetic relationship is constructed by using the whole mitochondrial gene sequence, neither Bayesian nor maximum likelihood method can obtain a credible phylogenetic tree. Under the heterogeneity model, the partial subpurpose monolith is shown based on Bayesian method, but the phylogenetic relationship between suborders can not be obtained. Finally, five genes (CO 鈪，
本文編號：2298916
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