【摘要】：渭北煤層氣區(qū)的煤儲(chǔ)層含氣量、含氣飽和度、滲透率等基礎(chǔ)參數(shù)表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)烈的非均質(zhì)性特征。本論文針對(duì)這一問題,開展煤層氣成藏演化模擬。剖析了儲(chǔ)層物性參數(shù)非均質(zhì)分布特征及其地質(zhì)控制機(jī)理,取得的主要成果和認(rèn)識(shí)如下:(1)研究了區(qū)域煤儲(chǔ)層演化規(guī)律。開展數(shù)值模擬(構(gòu)造沉降史、熱史、生烴史模擬)揭示了研究區(qū)含煤層系剖面、平面構(gòu)造演化特征。剖析構(gòu)造熱事件主控的區(qū)域熱演化歷程,以及兩期生-排烴過程為主體的烴類演化史。(2)剖析了研究區(qū)煤儲(chǔ)層能量場(chǎng)(地下水動(dòng)力場(chǎng)、應(yīng)力場(chǎng)、溫度場(chǎng))分布特征。通過地下水同位素分析、水化學(xué)分析和Aquachem模擬開展渭北煤層氣區(qū)地下水動(dòng)力場(chǎng)的特征研究,分析五個(gè)水力構(gòu)造單元內(nèi)地下水動(dòng)力場(chǎng)特征、三條區(qū)域逆斷層對(duì)氣體運(yùn)移、聚集的影響。運(yùn)用地球物理資料開展模擬,揭示了區(qū)域地應(yīng)力分布規(guī)律。研究了現(xiàn)今溫度場(chǎng)分布特征,以及不同構(gòu)造單元的差異性。(3)揭示了區(qū)域煤層氣成藏演化規(guī)律。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)室物理模擬與數(shù)值模擬相結(jié)合,闡明了含煤層系在六個(gè)階段演化過程中氣體富集、逸散、保存特征,剖析了四個(gè)關(guān)鍵構(gòu)造事件對(duì)現(xiàn)今含氣性及儲(chǔ)層物性的差異分布格局的控制。其中,第一和第二個(gè)關(guān)鍵構(gòu)造事件分別控制初次生烴和二次生烴過程,而第三和第四個(gè)關(guān)鍵構(gòu)造事件則控制區(qū)域含氣性的非均質(zhì)分布特征。(4)建立了煤層氣富集的控制模式。依據(jù)同位素測(cè)試結(jié)果結(jié)合地下水流動(dòng)特征,剖析了區(qū)域含氣性差異分布的水文-地質(zhì)控制機(jī)理,提出“熱成因-運(yùn)移-斷層封堵型”,“水力、壓力和巖性封閉型”以及“水力沖刷逸散型”等三種氣體聚集模式。(5)建立了煤儲(chǔ)層滲透性預(yù)測(cè)模型�；谏顐�(cè)向電阻率測(cè)井和微球聚焦測(cè)井開展?jié)B透性預(yù)測(cè),查明了區(qū)域煤儲(chǔ)滲透性的差異發(fā)育特征,將預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果與區(qū)域地應(yīng)力分布特征和構(gòu)造演化特征相結(jié)合,共同揭示煤儲(chǔ)層滲透性差異分布的地質(zhì)控制機(jī)理。(6)建立了煤層氣綜合評(píng)價(jià)體系,提出了有利開發(fā)區(qū)預(yù)測(cè)方法。
[Abstract]:The basic parameters such as gas content, gas saturation and permeability of coal reservoir in Weibei coalbed methane area show strong heterogeneity. In order to solve this problem, the simulation of coalbed methane reservoir formation and evolution is carried out in this paper. The characteristics of heterogeneous distribution of reservoir physical parameters and its geological control mechanism are analyzed. The main achievements and understandings are as follows: (1) the evolution law of regional coal reservoir is studied. The numerical simulation (tectonic subsidence history, thermal history, hydrocarbon generation history simulation) revealed the characteristics of coal seam system profile and plane tectonic evolution in the study area. The regional thermal evolution process controlled by tectonic thermal events and the evolution history of hydrocarbon in two periods are analyzed. (2) the distribution characteristics of energy field (ground water dynamic field, stress field, temperature field) of coal reservoir in the study area are analyzed. The characteristics of groundwater dynamic field in Weibei coalbed methane area were studied by means of isotope analysis, hydrochemical analysis and Aquachem simulation. The characteristics of groundwater dynamic field in five hydraulic structural units were analyzed, and three regional reverse faults were applied to gas migration. The effect of aggregation. The geophysical data are used to simulate the regional stress distribution. The distribution characteristics of the present temperature field and the differences of different tectonic units are studied. (3) the evolution of coalbed methane reservoirs in the region is revealed. Through the combination of laboratory physical simulation and numerical simulation, the characteristics of gas enrichment, dispersion and preservation in the evolution process of coal bed system in six stages are expounded. The control of four key tectonic events on the differential distribution pattern of present gas bearing property and reservoir physical property is analyzed. The first and second key tectonic events control the primary and secondary hydrocarbon generation processes, respectively, while the third and the fourth key tectonic events control the heterogeneous distribution of the gas content in the region. (4) the control model of coalbed methane enrichment is established. Based on the isotopic test results and the characteristics of groundwater flow, the hydro-geological control mechanism of regional gas-bearing difference distribution is analyzed. Three kinds of gas accumulation models are pressure and lithologic sealing type and hydraulic scouring and dissipating type. (5) the permeability prediction model of coal reservoir is established. Based on deep lateral resistivity logging and microsphere focusing logging, permeability prediction is carried out to find out the differential development characteristics of regional coal reservoir permeability. The prediction results are combined with regional stress distribution and tectonic evolution characteristics. The geological control mechanism of the differential distribution of permeability of coal reservoir is revealed together. (6) the comprehensive evaluation system of coalbed methane is established and the prediction method of favorable development zone is put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P618.13

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