【摘要】：渭北煤層氣區(qū)的煤儲層含氣量、含氣飽和度、滲透率等基礎參數(shù)表現(xiàn)出強烈的非均質性特征。本論文針對這一問題,開展煤層氣成藏演化模擬。剖析了儲層物性參數(shù)非均質分布特征及其地質控制機理,取得的主要成果和認識如下:(1)研究了區(qū)域煤儲層演化規(guī)律。開展數(shù)值模擬(構造沉降史、熱史、生烴史模擬)揭示了研究區(qū)含煤層系剖面、平面構造演化特征。剖析構造熱事件主控的區(qū)域熱演化歷程,以及兩期生-排烴過程為主體的烴類演化史。(2)剖析了研究區(qū)煤儲層能量場(地下水動力場、應力場、溫度場)分布特征。通過地下水同位素分析、水化學分析和Aquachem模擬開展渭北煤層氣區(qū)地下水動力場的特征研究,分析五個水力構造單元內地下水動力場特征、三條區(qū)域逆斷層對氣體運移、聚集的影響。運用地球物理資料開展模擬,揭示了區(qū)域地應力分布規(guī)律。研究了現(xiàn)今溫度場分布特征,以及不同構造單元的差異性。(3)揭示了區(qū)域煤層氣成藏演化規(guī)律。通過實驗室物理模擬與數(shù)值模擬相結合,闡明了含煤層系在六個階段演化過程中氣體富集、逸散、保存特征,剖析了四個關鍵構造事件對現(xiàn)今含氣性及儲層物性的差異分布格局的控制。其中,第一和第二個關鍵構造事件分別控制初次生烴和二次生烴過程,而第三和第四個關鍵構造事件則控制區(qū)域含氣性的非均質分布特征。(4)建立了煤層氣富集的控制模式。依據(jù)同位素測試結果結合地下水流動特征,剖析了區(qū)域含氣性差異分布的水文-地質控制機理,提出“熱成因-運移-斷層封堵型”,“水力、壓力和巖性封閉型”以及“水力沖刷逸散型”等三種氣體聚集模式。(5)建立了煤儲層滲透性預測模型�；谏顐认螂娮杪蕼y井和微球聚焦測井開展?jié)B透性預測,查明了區(qū)域煤儲滲透性的差異發(fā)育特征,將預測結果與區(qū)域地應力分布特征和構造演化特征相結合,共同揭示煤儲層滲透性差異分布的地質控制機理。(6)建立了煤層氣綜合評價體系,提出了有利開發(fā)區(qū)預測方法。
[Abstract]:The basic parameters such as gas content, gas saturation and permeability of coal reservoir in Weibei coalbed methane area show strong heterogeneity. In order to solve this problem, the simulation of coalbed methane reservoir formation and evolution is carried out in this paper. The characteristics of heterogeneous distribution of reservoir physical parameters and its geological control mechanism are analyzed. The main achievements and understandings are as follows: (1) the evolution law of regional coal reservoir is studied. The numerical simulation (tectonic subsidence history, thermal history, hydrocarbon generation history simulation) revealed the characteristics of coal seam system profile and plane tectonic evolution in the study area. The regional thermal evolution process controlled by tectonic thermal events and the evolution history of hydrocarbon in two periods are analyzed. (2) the distribution characteristics of energy field (ground water dynamic field, stress field, temperature field) of coal reservoir in the study area are analyzed. The characteristics of groundwater dynamic field in Weibei coalbed methane area were studied by means of isotope analysis, hydrochemical analysis and Aquachem simulation. The characteristics of groundwater dynamic field in five hydraulic structural units were analyzed, and three regional reverse faults were applied to gas migration. The effect of aggregation. The geophysical data are used to simulate the regional stress distribution. The distribution characteristics of the present temperature field and the differences of different tectonic units are studied. (3) the evolution of coalbed methane reservoirs in the region is revealed. Through the combination of laboratory physical simulation and numerical simulation, the characteristics of gas enrichment, dispersion and preservation in the evolution process of coal bed system in six stages are expounded. The control of four key tectonic events on the differential distribution pattern of present gas bearing property and reservoir physical property is analyzed. The first and second key tectonic events control the primary and secondary hydrocarbon generation processes, respectively, while the third and the fourth key tectonic events control the heterogeneous distribution of the gas content in the region. (4) the control model of coalbed methane enrichment is established. Based on the isotopic test results and the characteristics of groundwater flow, the hydro-geological control mechanism of regional gas-bearing difference distribution is analyzed. Three kinds of gas accumulation models are pressure and lithologic sealing type and hydraulic scouring and dissipating type. (5) the permeability prediction model of coal reservoir is established. Based on deep lateral resistivity logging and microsphere focusing logging, permeability prediction is carried out to find out the differential development characteristics of regional coal reservoir permeability. The prediction results are combined with regional stress distribution and tectonic evolution characteristics. The geological control mechanism of the differential distribution of permeability of coal reservoir is revealed together. (6) the comprehensive evaluation system of coalbed methane is established and the prediction method of favorable development zone is put forward.
【學位授予單位】：中國地質大學(北京)
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P618.13

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