干酪菌屬和擬蠟孔菌屬真菌的分類與系統(tǒng)發(fā)育研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-08 20:00
【摘要】：干酪菌屬(Tyromyces P.Karst.)是世界廣布的多孔菌類群之一；在過去五十年里,大量種類被轉(zhuǎn)移至該屬,導致該屬的概念逐漸被擴大,形成了一個異源集合體；擬蠟孔菌屬(Ceriporiopsis Domanski)與干酪菌屬形態(tài)相似,但分子系統(tǒng)學研究結(jié)果顯示：二者親緣關系較遠；在對該類群真菌的形態(tài)學和分子系統(tǒng)學研究過程中,發(fā)現(xiàn)諸多分類學和系統(tǒng)發(fā)育研究的疑難問題；因此,開展對干酪菌屬和擬蠟孔菌屬真菌的系統(tǒng)學研究,不僅可以提高對這些真菌類群多樣性的認識,而且為整個木材腐朽菌的分類和系統(tǒng)研究提供了基礎數(shù)據(jù)。本研究材料來自本人過去7年在我國不同森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中采集的標本,以及保存于北京林業(yè)大學微生物研究所標本館(BJFC)、中國科學院沈陽應用生態(tài)研究所生物標本館(IFP)、哈佛大學植物真菌標本館(FH)、英國愛丁堡皇家植物園標本館(E)、芬蘭赫爾辛基大學植物博物館(H)、捷克國家博物館(PRM)和新西蘭奧克蘭土地保護研究所標本館(PDD)等保藏的有關干酪菌屬和擬蠟孔菌屬標本共562號,其中包括中國標本351號,國外標本211號,模式標本共37號。本研究對這些標本進行了全面和系統(tǒng)的分類學研究；為了探討干酪菌屬和擬蠟孔菌屬真菌系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關系,本研究采用ITS、nLSU、mtSSU、TEF1和RPB2等分子標記,運用PAUP* 4.0b10、MrBayes 3.1.2和RAxML v7.2.6 (Cipres Science Gateway)等軟件,構(gòu)建了干酪菌屬和擬蠟孔菌屬真菌系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹。本研究的主要結(jié)果如下：發(fā)現(xiàn)新科一個,脆粉菌科Fragiliporiaceae;新屬一個,脆粉菌屬Fragiliporia;新種5個,橙白擬蠟孔菌Ceriporiopsis alboaurantia,毛緣擬蠟孔菌C.fimbriata,玫瑰擬蠟孔菌C. rosea,反卷擬蠟孔菌C. semisupina和脆粉菌Fragiliporia fragilis;新組合種5個,下沿小薄孔菌Antrodiella descendena,魏氏管孔菌Bjerkandera vivii,瘤狀灰孔菌Cinereomyces nodulosus,灰褐波斯特孔菌Postia cinereobrunnea,懸垂波斯特孔菌P. pendena和硬粗毛栓孔菌Trametes neostrigosus。對干酪菌屬26個種和擬蠟孔菌屬31個種進行了詳細的形態(tài)描述和顯微結(jié)構(gòu)繪圖,論述了每個種的寄主、腐朽類型和分布,討論了每個種與其相似種的區(qū)別；研究結(jié)果極大地豐富了干酪菌屬和擬蠟孔菌屬真菌的物種多樣性；系統(tǒng)發(fā)育研究表明：(1)干酪菌屬Tyromyces形態(tài)相似屬為擬蠟孔菌屬Ceriporiopsis,系統(tǒng)發(fā)育和親緣關系相近屬為干皮孔菌屬Skeletocutis和毛孔菌屬Piloporia;(2)狹義干酪菌屬Tyromyces senso stricto隸屬于thetyromyces clade,該clade包括薄皮干酪菌T. chioneus,薩雅毛孔菌Piloporia sajanensis和變型干皮孔菌Skeletocutis amorpha;(3)擬蠟孔菌屬Ceriporiopsis非單源屬；(4)狹義擬蠟孔菌屬Ceriporiopsis senso stricto隸屬于phlebia clade,該clade主要包括淺黃擬蠟孔菌C. gilvescens,棕黑針齒菌Mycoacia fuscoatra,假山毛櫸針齒菌M. nothofagi,舌狀射脈革菌Phlebia livida,近連續(xù)射脈革菌P. subserialis,輻射射脈革菌P. radiata等種類；這些種類盡管子實層形態(tài)(光滑、齒狀、孔狀、疣狀和網(wǎng)狀)不同,但在系統(tǒng)發(fā)育上同屬于一個clade (Ceriporiopsis及相關屬)；(5)基于命名法規(guī)：Phlebia(創(chuàng)建于1821)早于Ceriporiopsis(創(chuàng)建于1963),應將Ceriporiopsis核心種組合到Phlebia;但基于部分種類的模式標本無法得到DNA序列,目前這些種類暫時保留在Ceriporiopsis屬內(nèi)；(6)在Polyporales內(nèi)創(chuàng)建一個新的clade:the fragiliporia cladeo通過構(gòu)建屬間、屬內(nèi)種間的單基因片段(分別為ITS和LSU)和部分多基因片段(ITS+nLSU, ITS+nLSU+mtSSU+TEF 1+RPB2)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹綜合比較,ITS+nLSU更適合Tyromyces與Ceriporiopsis屬間系統(tǒng)發(fā)育分析研究。
[Abstract]:Tyromyces P. Karst.) It is one of the most porous fungus groups in the world; in the last 50 years, a large number of species have been transferred to the genus, resulting in the concept of the genus being gradually expanded to form an heterogenous mass; Ceripsitopsis Domanski is similar to that of the cheese genus, but the molecular systematics results show that: The relationship between them is far away; in the process of morphological and molecular systematics of the fungi of the group, a number of difficult problems in taxonomy and phylogenetic studies are found; therefore, systematic research on the genus Lactobacillus and quasi-wax-based fungi is carried out. not only can raise the understanding of the diversity of these fungal species, but also provides basic data for the classification and systematic research of the whole wood rot fungi. The research materials come from specimens collected in different forest ecosystems in China over the past seven years, as well as the sample hall (IFFC) of the Microbiology Institute of Beijing Forestry University, Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecological Research (IFP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Museum of Plant Fungal (FH), Royal Botanic Garden of Edinburgh (E), Museum of Plant (H), University of Helsinki, Finland. The Czech National Museum (PRM) and the specimen hall (PDD) of the Auckland Land Protection Research Institute (PDD) of New Zealand collected 562 samples including 351 Chinese specimens, 211 foreign specimens and 37 model specimens. In order to find out the phylogenetic relationships between the genus cheese and the fungi of quasi-wax, this study uses molecular markers such as ITS, nLSU, mtSSU, TEF1 and RPB2, and uses software such as PAUP * 4.0b10, MrBayes 3. 1,2 and RAxML v7.2. 6 (Cires Science Gateway), etc. In this paper, the phylogeny tree of the genus cheese and the mycetales is constructed. The main results of this study were as follows: A new species of Fragraniaceae family, Fragraniaceae, a new genus of Frailiporia, five new species, Ceripalopsis alboaurantia, C. fimbriata, C. roea, C. ferisrupina and Fragaria fragilis, and 5 new combinations, were found in the new family. The results showed that Trametes nestoogus, P. penda, and Scleroderma guostosus, were located along the small thin-hole bacteria, such as rodiella dscendena, Bjerkandera tuii, the tumor-shaped gray-hole bacteria, Cinerezynodulossus, Posternoborunnea, P. penda, and Sclerotinia sclerotisus. In this paper, a detailed morphological description and microstructure mapping of 26 species of cheese and 31 species of pseudo-wax were studied. The host, decay type and distribution of each species were discussed, and the difference between each species and its similar species was discussed. The results showed that: (1) the genus Tyromyces belonged to Ceripelopsis, and the phylogeny and phylogenetic relationships were similar to that of the genus Skeletocultis and the pore fungus belonging to the genus Cyperaceae. (2) The genus Tyromyces sensitive stricto belonging to the genus Thieyromyces clade, which includes T. chioneus, Sporothrix sajanensis and modified dry skin-pore fungus Skelettotis amoralis; (3) the genus Ceripsiopsis of the genus Ceripoopsis; (4) the genus Ceripsiopsis sensitive stricto belonging to the phlebia clade, The clade mainly includes the following types: C. gilvescens, Mycoacia fuscoatra, M. nothofagi, Phlebia livida, P. subseralis, P. radiata et al. (5) Based on nomenclature: Phlebia (founded in 1821) early in Ceripalopsis (founded in 1963), Cerippoopsis core species should be combined into Phlebia; however, DNA sequences cannot be obtained based on partial types of model specimens, At present, these species are temporarily retained within the Ceripelopsis genus; (6) a new clade is created in Polyorales by constructing a new clade: the fragiliporia cladeo by constructing a single gene fragment (ITS and LSU) and a partial polygene fragment (ITS + nLSU, ITS + nLSU + mtSSU + TEF 1 + RPB2), which belong to the interspecies, ITS + nLSU is more suitable for phylogenetic analysis of Tyromyces and Ceripalopsis.
【學位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：Q949.32
，
本文編號：2258083
[Abstract]:Tyromyces P. Karst.) It is one of the most porous fungus groups in the world; in the last 50 years, a large number of species have been transferred to the genus, resulting in the concept of the genus being gradually expanded to form an heterogenous mass; Ceripsitopsis Domanski is similar to that of the cheese genus, but the molecular systematics results show that: The relationship between them is far away; in the process of morphological and molecular systematics of the fungi of the group, a number of difficult problems in taxonomy and phylogenetic studies are found; therefore, systematic research on the genus Lactobacillus and quasi-wax-based fungi is carried out. not only can raise the understanding of the diversity of these fungal species, but also provides basic data for the classification and systematic research of the whole wood rot fungi. The research materials come from specimens collected in different forest ecosystems in China over the past seven years, as well as the sample hall (IFFC) of the Microbiology Institute of Beijing Forestry University, Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecological Research (IFP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Museum of Plant Fungal (FH), Royal Botanic Garden of Edinburgh (E), Museum of Plant (H), University of Helsinki, Finland. The Czech National Museum (PRM) and the specimen hall (PDD) of the Auckland Land Protection Research Institute (PDD) of New Zealand collected 562 samples including 351 Chinese specimens, 211 foreign specimens and 37 model specimens. In order to find out the phylogenetic relationships between the genus cheese and the fungi of quasi-wax, this study uses molecular markers such as ITS, nLSU, mtSSU, TEF1 and RPB2, and uses software such as PAUP * 4.0b10, MrBayes 3. 1,2 and RAxML v7.2. 6 (Cires Science Gateway), etc. In this paper, the phylogeny tree of the genus cheese and the mycetales is constructed. The main results of this study were as follows: A new species of Fragraniaceae family, Fragraniaceae, a new genus of Frailiporia, five new species, Ceripalopsis alboaurantia, C. fimbriata, C. roea, C. ferisrupina and Fragaria fragilis, and 5 new combinations, were found in the new family. The results showed that Trametes nestoogus, P. penda, and Scleroderma guostosus, were located along the small thin-hole bacteria, such as rodiella dscendena, Bjerkandera tuii, the tumor-shaped gray-hole bacteria, Cinerezynodulossus, Posternoborunnea, P. penda, and Sclerotinia sclerotisus. In this paper, a detailed morphological description and microstructure mapping of 26 species of cheese and 31 species of pseudo-wax were studied. The host, decay type and distribution of each species were discussed, and the difference between each species and its similar species was discussed. The results showed that: (1) the genus Tyromyces belonged to Ceripelopsis, and the phylogeny and phylogenetic relationships were similar to that of the genus Skeletocultis and the pore fungus belonging to the genus Cyperaceae. (2) The genus Tyromyces sensitive stricto belonging to the genus Thieyromyces clade, which includes T. chioneus, Sporothrix sajanensis and modified dry skin-pore fungus Skelettotis amoralis; (3) the genus Ceripsiopsis of the genus Ceripoopsis; (4) the genus Ceripsiopsis sensitive stricto belonging to the phlebia clade, The clade mainly includes the following types: C. gilvescens, Mycoacia fuscoatra, M. nothofagi, Phlebia livida, P. subseralis, P. radiata et al. (5) Based on nomenclature: Phlebia (founded in 1821) early in Ceripalopsis (founded in 1963), Cerippoopsis core species should be combined into Phlebia; however, DNA sequences cannot be obtained based on partial types of model specimens, At present, these species are temporarily retained within the Ceripelopsis genus; (6) a new clade is created in Polyorales by constructing a new clade: the fragiliporia cladeo by constructing a single gene fragment (ITS and LSU) and a partial polygene fragment (ITS + nLSU, ITS + nLSU + mtSSU + TEF 1 + RPB2), which belong to the interspecies, ITS + nLSU is more suitable for phylogenetic analysis of Tyromyces and Ceripalopsis.
【學位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：Q949.32
，
本文編號：2258083
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