基于小環(huán)DNA的核酸自組裝技術(shù)
[Abstract]:DNA molecule is a ubiquitous molecule in nature and an important carrier for storing genetic information. In addition, DNA has been proved to be a powerful basic material for constructing nanostructures based on the formation of double-stranded structures by various mating methods. In 1982, American scientist Professor Seeman was subjected to biological recombination of Holiday Ju knot. Inspired by the idea that the first two-dimensional and three-dimensional DNA nanostructures were constructed using only coded base complementary pairings, marking the beginning of DNA nanotechnology. Researchers in this field have constructed static structures such as two-dimensional and three-dimensional nanolattices, nanotubes, polyhedrons and functional devices with arbitrary shapes, such as molecular machines and DNA computers, and are being used in nanomedicine, molecular electronics and other fields. In the research of DNA nanotechnology, rigid DNA modules are the basis of constructing nanostructures. Recently, our research group used enzymatic synthesis of small ring DNA instead of straight chain to construct linear array of DNA rigid modules to self-assemble DNA nanostructures. In this paper, we construct DNA tiles with different modes and connections based on small-loop DNA, and self-assemble DNA nanostructures with various morphologies. The main work is as follows: 1. We construct DNA tiles with small-loop DNA as the center and other linear DNA as the supplement. Then we use two commonly used designs, namely SAE (semi-crossover, anti-parallel, and even half-turns). In addition, with the help of physical in-phase and out-of-phase concepts, we have developed a modular self-assembly method for connecting DNA tiles at very short distances (11/16 bp). Two kinds of molecular modules, SAE-E (SAE-type DNA tiles, with even half-cycle connection distance between tiles) and DAE-O (DAE-type DNA tiles, with odd half-cycle connection distance between tiles), were synthesized. The experimental results show that we can self-assemble DNA nanotubes of uniform size with SAE-E design structure. The width is about 16-20 nm and the length is over 14 nm. The design structure of DAE-E can produce slim and long layers of structure. The patterns of wool-like clusters (25-30 nm wide), scarf-like nanosheets (100-300 nm wide) and nanoribbons (100-300 nm wide) are observed. In addition, the exciting assembly process, a gradual formation of nanosheets from disordered wool clusters, is also observed. Then, we speculate the bending of nanostructures according to the rotation direction of the small-ring DNA, and explain the formation mechanism of DNA nanotubes and wavy nanowires. 2. Using DAE-O design, we construct two-dimensional nanostructures with small-ring DNA as the core, in which DAE-O is Doublecrossover, Antiparallel, and Even half-turns tiles with Odd half-turns conne. We designed three kinds of small ring DNA (42 nt, 64 nt, 84 nt) to construct DAE. The experimental results showed that the DAE with 42 nt or 64 NT centered DNA strands (linear DNA or small ring DNA) could self-assemble into regular nanostructures. In the process of DNA self-assembly, the balance between flexibility and rigidity is very important, and 64 NT DNA has the best flexibility and rigidity. So tiles with 64 NT DNA have the best results; 84 NT DNA has the lowest stiffness, while 84 nt or longer linear DNA reduces stiffness and increases flexibility in building molecular tiles, which is not conducive to the formation of polycrystalline nanostructures. 3. A three-arm module is designed with 32 NT ring DNA as the center. A four-arm module is designed with 42 NT ring DNA as the center. A semi-crossed structure is used at the apex and a double helix and 26 BP connection distance are used at the junction. The lattice structure of hexagonal and quadrilateral small holes is observed after self-assembly, but not large. Three-arm structure self-assembles to form hexagonal pore structure, and has the tendency to extend to form honeycomb-like regular pattern. At present, we have obtained the structure, there are 3-5 regular pores in the horizontal direction, and the vertical continuous arrangement can be up to 10 or so, after section analysis of some structures, we can get the inner diameter of each pore as follows 23.4 nm, close to the theoretical estimate of the hexagon; most of the four-arm structure self-assembly lines, most of which are basically the same direction of growth lines, a few of which will form two or three structures together, lines 100-200 nm long, line width 20 nm, at the same time in the local can be found small 2 x 2 or 2 x 3 grid structure, the average diameter of 13.9 nm, close to The results of electrophoresis analysis show that we can successfully construct three-arm and four-arm structures, but other hybridization, mismatch by-products may affect the formation of the overall large structure, and a single double helix connection and small size ring DNA will make the overall structure lack of rigid binding, it is difficult to form large regular structure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類號】:Q52
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