【摘要】：隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展形態(tài)的不斷轉(zhuǎn)變,當(dāng)前社會(huì)已經(jīng)進(jìn)入知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代。智力資源,成為了一種非常特殊的社會(huì)資源,它既包括作為各種能力的技能、技巧、經(jīng)驗(yàn)等無(wú)形資源,同時(shí)又包含智力成果和智力載體等有形資源,具有重大的社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)意義。在當(dāng)今時(shí)代,現(xiàn)實(shí)生產(chǎn)力可以被看作是人類知識(shí)力量物化的產(chǎn)物。同樣的,經(jīng)濟(jì)能否可持續(xù)增長(zhǎng),智力資源的儲(chǔ)備量與轉(zhuǎn)化效率都是重要的影響因素。所以,對(duì)“智力資源”的理論探索成為日益迫切的任務(wù),而對(duì)于智力資源中的隱性知識(shí)顯性化研究,更是一直以來(lái)的研究重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)。因此,智力資源顯性化方法的系統(tǒng)性研究是當(dāng)今智力資源管理研究工作的重要領(lǐng)域。本文以系統(tǒng)科學(xué)與系統(tǒng)工程為切入視角,運(yùn)用系統(tǒng)分析的數(shù)學(xué)方法,從個(gè)人與組織兩個(gè)層面的隱性知識(shí)模型評(píng)價(jià)、傳播過(guò)程、量化模擬等方面對(duì)智力資源顯性化問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了深入研究。本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和創(chuàng)新性工作如下：(1)構(gòu)建了個(gè)人與組織層面的隱性知識(shí)共享PO-TKS模型(Personal organizational level-tacit knowledge sharing model)及相應(yīng)的隱性知識(shí)共享度評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系。在分析個(gè)體與組織間隱性知識(shí)共享的內(nèi)涵和外延,并對(duì)共享過(guò)程中遇到的障礙和共享的保障機(jī)制、隱性知識(shí)的界定等理論知識(shí)進(jìn)行介紹和綜述的基礎(chǔ)上,宏觀思考隱性知識(shí)共享涉及的組織體系、管理層次和環(huán)境因素,聯(lián)動(dòng)考慮包含隱性知識(shí)發(fā)起者、隱性知識(shí)接收者以及外部環(huán)境要素在內(nèi)的影響因素,構(gòu)建了個(gè)體和組織隱性知識(shí)共享模型與共享度評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,并對(duì)其評(píng)價(jià)求解。確定了智力資源隱性知識(shí)顯性化程度評(píng)價(jià)是以定性賦值為主,定量計(jì)算為輔。對(duì)組織與個(gè)體的隱性知識(shí)共享模型的構(gòu)建與評(píng)價(jià)提供了一種新理念。(2)建立了基于接觸式的隱性知識(shí)傳播過(guò)程CPCC模型(Communication process model based on contact cooperation)。首先分析隱性知識(shí)傳播的內(nèi)涵、特點(diǎn)和傳播方式、規(guī)律,追蹤隱性知識(shí)傳播過(guò)程。其次引入接觸式合作模型,并將接觸式合作模型與隱性知識(shí)的傳播過(guò)程進(jìn)行比較分析,構(gòu)建基于接觸式合作的隱性知識(shí)傳播模型。再次,通過(guò)隱性知識(shí)共享過(guò)程的接觸式合作研究,建立知識(shí)傳播量化模型,對(duì)知識(shí)傳播中接受度、傳染率、遺忘率、疊加性等影響因素進(jìn)行計(jì)算研究。對(duì)隱性知識(shí)傳播過(guò)程的構(gòu)模與量化計(jì)算提供了一種新思路。(3)從個(gè)體和組織兩個(gè)層面分別提出了BP (Error back propagation,誤差反向傳播型)和CL (Competitive learning,競(jìng)爭(zhēng)型)神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模擬方法,模擬隱性知識(shí)顯性化過(guò)程。以提高隱性知識(shí)的顯性化傳播程度,形成穩(wěn)定持續(xù)激勵(lì)機(jī)制為目標(biāo),綜合考慮實(shí)施過(guò)程中所面臨的困境和常用的激勵(lì)機(jī)制模型。在CPCC模型的基礎(chǔ)上,采用BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)個(gè)體隱性知識(shí)顯性化過(guò)程進(jìn)行模擬,探究系統(tǒng)最終的狀態(tài)與穩(wěn)定性,計(jì)算個(gè)體間隱性知識(shí)的共享程度；同時(shí),在PO-TKS模型的基礎(chǔ)上,采用CL神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)組織層面的隱性知識(shí)顯性化過(guò)程進(jìn)行模擬,尋找出對(duì)整體組織的隱性知識(shí)顯性化具有決定性的影響的關(guān)鍵因素,同時(shí)定量計(jì)算當(dāng)指標(biāo)達(dá)到特定條件以后,組織的隱性知識(shí)可以完成顯性化的四個(gè)階段過(guò)程。對(duì)隱性知識(shí)顯性化傳播的定量觀察提供了一種新方法。(4)進(jìn)行了實(shí)證研究。針對(duì)本文中以CPCC模型為基礎(chǔ)的BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模擬方法和以PO-TKS模型為基礎(chǔ)的CL神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模擬方法,以三個(gè)案例進(jìn)行了實(shí)際驗(yàn)證。首先,運(yùn)用FCM (Fuzzy C- means clustering algorithm,模糊C-均值聚類算法)與CL神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型進(jìn)行規(guī)劃,對(duì)新疆地區(qū)土地適宜耕地和適宜放牧地的分類狀況通過(guò)將聚類中心作為專家隱性知識(shí)的潛在指標(biāo)劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；其次,運(yùn)用SVM(Support vector machine,支持向量機(jī))方法對(duì)品酒師品嘗紅酒的案例進(jìn)行分析,證明訓(xùn)練好的SVM模型具有替代專家評(píng)價(jià)的作用,可以將專家內(nèi)含的隱性知識(shí)進(jìn)行推廣,并使之模型化；最后針對(duì)我國(guó)高�？蒲心芰υu(píng)估的案例進(jìn)行分析,運(yùn)用Hopfield模型(Hopfield network evaluation model,海氏網(wǎng)絡(luò)評(píng)價(jià)模型),可以有效的將專家隱性知識(shí)進(jìn)行整理表達(dá),從而將其進(jìn)行顯性化應(yīng)用及推廣。
[Abstract]:With the continuous transformation of the global economic development, the current society has entered the era of knowledge-based economy. Intellectual resources have become a very special social resource, which includes not only intangible resources such as skills, skills and experience as various abilities, but also tangible resources such as intellectual achievements and intellectual carriers. It has great social significance. Economic significance. In today's era, the real productive forces can be regarded as the product of the materialization of human knowledge. Similarly, whether the economy can grow sustainably, the reserves of intellectual resources and the efficiency of transformation are important factors. Therefore, the theoretical exploration of "intellectual resources" has become an increasingly urgent task, but for the hidden intellectual resources. Therefore, the systematic study of the explicit methods of intellectual resources is an important field in the research of intellectual resources management. This paper, from the perspective of system science and system engineering, uses the mathematical method of system analysis to study the implicit aspects of individuals and organizations. The main contents and innovative work of this paper are as follows: (1) A PO-TKS model for tacit knowledge sharing at the individual and organizational levels is constructed and the corresponding model is established. The evaluation index system of tacit knowledge sharing degree.On the basis of analyzing the connotation and extension of tacit knowledge sharing between individuals and organizations,introducing and summarizing the obstacles and guarantee mechanism of tacit knowledge sharing and the definition of tacit knowledge in the process of sharing,macroscopically considering the organization system and management involved in tacit knowledge sharing. Secondly, considering the influence factors including tacit knowledge initiator, tacit knowledge receiver and external environment factors, this paper constructs tacit knowledge sharing model and evaluation index system of individual and organization, and evaluates and solves them. It provides a new idea for the construction and evaluation of tacit knowledge sharing model between organizations and individuals. (2) The CPCC model of tacit knowledge communication process based on contact is established. Secondly, the contact cooperation model is introduced, and the contact cooperation model is compared with the tacit knowledge transmission process to construct the tacit knowledge transmission model based on the contact cooperation. This paper studies the factors affecting the acceptance, contagion, forgetfulness and superposition of knowledge dissemination, and provides a new way to model and quantify the process of tacit knowledge dissemination. Neural network simulation method is used to simulate the process of tacit knowledge explicitness. In order to improve the degree of tacit knowledge explicitness transmission and form a stable and sustained incentive mechanism, the difficulties faced in the implementation process and the commonly used incentive mechanism model are comprehensively considered. The process is simulated to explore the final state and stability of the system and calculate the degree of tacit knowledge sharing among individuals. At the same time, on the basis of PO-TKS model, CL neural network is used to simulate the process of tacit knowledge dominance at the organizational level and find out the key factors that have decisive influence on the tacit knowledge dominance of the whole organization. At the same time, it quantitatively calculates the four stages of explicit knowledge when the index reaches a certain condition. It provides a new method for quantitative observation of explicit knowledge propagation. (4) The empirical study is carried out. The BP neural network simulation method based on CPCC model and the PO-TKS model are used in this paper. Firstly, FCM (Fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm) and CL neural network model are used to plan the classification of land suitable for cultivated land and grazing land in Xinjiang by using cluster center as expert hidden. Secondly, the SVM (Support Vector Machine) method is used to analyze the wine tasting cases of wine tasters, which proves that the trained SVM model can replace the expert evaluation and can generalize and model the implicit knowledge contained by experts. This paper analyzes the case of scientific research capability evaluation in schools and applies Hopfield network evaluation model to organize and express expert tacit knowledge effectively so as to apply and popularize it.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：N94
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本文編號(hào)：2212131