光子數(shù)可分辨探測及其量子探測層析研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-21 20:08
【摘要】：在單光子水平上實現(xiàn)光子數(shù)可分辨(PNR)探測是量子光學領域的研究前沿和熱點,尤其在量子態(tài)制備和量子過程(Quantum process)研究中是不可或缺的關鍵技術。在量子信息研究中,諸多量子中繼和線性光學量子計算方案也都是以PNR探測為基礎的。在近紅外通信波段,門控蓋革模式下的InGaAs/InP雪崩光電二極管(APD)是最常用的單光子探測器件,但是由于門控脈沖產生的尖峰信號的影響,人們很難獲得關于雪崩信號的原始信息,以至于無法實現(xiàn)PNR探測的功能。此外,對于PNR探測器的性能評測,除了傳統(tǒng)的探測效率、暗計數(shù)和后脈沖等參數(shù)外,更重要的是完整描述PNR探測過程的量子特征,從而區(qū)別于簡單的基于光強的經典光電探測過程。量子探測層析技術(QDT)由J.S.Lundeen等科學家于2009年在Nature Phys.上首次提出,通過完整描述探測器的正值算符測度(POVM)矩陣來描述探測器的量子特征。QDT的出現(xiàn)為PNR探測器能否可以真正應用于量子光學的實際系統(tǒng)中提供了可靠的評估依據。本文主要圍繞基于InGaAs/InPAPD的PNR探測技術開展研究工作。利用自平衡尖峰信號抑制技術,高保真地采集雪崩信號,通過分析雪崩信號峰值幅度的分布實現(xiàn)了基于InGaAs/InPAPD的直接型PNR探測。在自平衡尖峰信號抑制技術的基礎上,發(fā)展出了雙平衡尖峰信號抑制技術的新方案,進一步壓縮尖峰信號的同時提高了雪崩信號的信噪比,有效的提升了 PNR探測的核心性能指標。自主研制了 200 MHz多通道近紅外單光子探測器樣機,實現(xiàn)了基于InGaAs/InPAPD的時分復用型PNR探測,并利用量子探測層析技術在實驗上重新構建了探測器的POVM矩陣。時分復用型PNR探測的實驗結果、理論模型模擬結果和利用重新構建的POVM矩陣推算的結果具有很好的吻合度,充分表明QDT準確、可靠的還原了時分復用的PNR探測過程。由重新構建的POVM計算得到的Wigner函數(shù)在原點的負值表明此基于InGaAs/InPAPD多通道探測器的時分復用的PNR探測技術方案,具備光子量子態(tài)的探測能力,實現(xiàn)了真正的量子探測。本論文的主要創(chuàng)新點如下:1.利用自平衡尖峰信號抑制技術實現(xiàn)了基于InGaAs/InP APD的直接型PNR探測;提出雙平衡尖峰信號抑制技術的新方案,雪崩信號的信噪比進一步提高至 11.2dB。2.自主研制了多通道200 MHz近紅外單光子探測器樣機,4個通道的最高探測效率均高于25%,在探測效率為10%時的暗計數(shù)均小于1× 10-5/脈沖。3.利用多通道單光子探測器實現(xiàn)時分復用型PNR探測,并在實驗上使用QDT重新構建了 PNR探測器的POVM矩陣。利用重新構建的POVM矩陣推算得到的探測器輸出分布的還原度高達99.99%。與重新構建的POVM矩陣對應的Wigner函數(shù)在原點的負值驗證了 PNR探測器的量子特性,表明該PNR探測器具備光子量子態(tài)的探測能力。
[Abstract]:The realization of photon number discernible (PNR) detection at the single photon level is the research frontier and hotspot in the field of quantum optics, especially in the preparation of quantum states and the study of quantum process (Quantum process). In the study of quantum information, many quantum relay and linear optical quantum computing schemes are also based on PNR detection. In the near infrared communication band, the InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiode (APD) in gate mode is the most commonly used single photon detector, but it is difficult to obtain the original information about the avalanche signal because of the effect of the spike signal produced by the gated pulse. It is impossible to realize the function of PNR detection. Besides the traditional parameters such as detection efficiency, dark count and post-pulse, it is more important to describe the quantum characteristics of the PNR detection process. Therefore, it is different from the simple classical photoelectric detection process based on light intensity. Quantum detection chromatography (QDT) was developed by J.S.Lundeen and other scientists in Nature in 2009. It is proposed for the first time that the quantum characteristics of the detector can be described by describing the positive operator measure (POVM) matrix of the detector completely. It provides a reliable evaluation basis for whether the PNR detector can be used in the real system of quantum optics. This paper focuses on PNR detection technology based on InGaAs/InPAPD. Using the self-balanced peak signal suppression technique, the avalanche signal is collected with high fidelity, and the direct PNR detection based on InGaAs/InPAPD is realized by analyzing the distribution of the peak amplitude of the avalanche signal. On the basis of self-balancing peak signal suppression technique, a new scheme of double balance peak signal suppression technique is developed, which further compresses the peak signal and improves the signal-to-noise ratio of avalanche signal. Effectively improves the core performance of PNR detection. A 200 MHz multi-channel near-infrared single-photon detector prototype is developed, and the time-division multiplexed PNR detection based on InGaAs/InPAPD is realized. The POVM matrix of the detector is reconstructed experimentally by quantum detection chromatography. The experimental results of time-division multiplexing (TDM) PNR detection, the simulation results of theoretical model and the results calculated by using the reconstructed POVM matrix have a good agreement, which fully shows that QDT can accurately and reliably restore the TDM PNR detection process. The negative value of the Wigner function calculated by the reconstructed POVM at the origin indicates that this TDM PNR detection scheme based on the InGaAs/InPAPD multi-channel detector has the ability to detect the quantum states of photons and realizes the real quantum detection. The main innovations of this thesis are as follows: 1. Direct PNR detection based on InGaAs/InP APD is realized by using self-balanced peak signal suppression technique, and a new scheme of double-balanced peak signal suppression technique is proposed. The signal-to-noise ratio of avalanche signal is further improved to 11.2dB.2. A multi-channel 200 MHz near-infrared single-photon detector prototype has been developed. The highest detection efficiency of the four channels is higher than 25 and the dark count is less than 1 脳 10 ~ (-5) / pulse 路3 when the detection efficiency is 10. Time division multiplexing (TDM) PNR detection is realized by using multi-channel single-photon detector, and the POVM matrix of PNR detector is reconstructed by using QDT in experiments. The reduction degree of the output distribution calculated by using the reconstructed POVM matrix is as high as 99.9999. The negative value of the Wigner function corresponding to the reconstructed POVM matrix at the origin verifies the quantum properties of the PNR detector, which indicates that the PNR detector has the ability to detect photon quantum states.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：O431.2
[Abstract]:The realization of photon number discernible (PNR) detection at the single photon level is the research frontier and hotspot in the field of quantum optics, especially in the preparation of quantum states and the study of quantum process (Quantum process). In the study of quantum information, many quantum relay and linear optical quantum computing schemes are also based on PNR detection. In the near infrared communication band, the InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiode (APD) in gate mode is the most commonly used single photon detector, but it is difficult to obtain the original information about the avalanche signal because of the effect of the spike signal produced by the gated pulse. It is impossible to realize the function of PNR detection. Besides the traditional parameters such as detection efficiency, dark count and post-pulse, it is more important to describe the quantum characteristics of the PNR detection process. Therefore, it is different from the simple classical photoelectric detection process based on light intensity. Quantum detection chromatography (QDT) was developed by J.S.Lundeen and other scientists in Nature in 2009. It is proposed for the first time that the quantum characteristics of the detector can be described by describing the positive operator measure (POVM) matrix of the detector completely. It provides a reliable evaluation basis for whether the PNR detector can be used in the real system of quantum optics. This paper focuses on PNR detection technology based on InGaAs/InPAPD. Using the self-balanced peak signal suppression technique, the avalanche signal is collected with high fidelity, and the direct PNR detection based on InGaAs/InPAPD is realized by analyzing the distribution of the peak amplitude of the avalanche signal. On the basis of self-balancing peak signal suppression technique, a new scheme of double balance peak signal suppression technique is developed, which further compresses the peak signal and improves the signal-to-noise ratio of avalanche signal. Effectively improves the core performance of PNR detection. A 200 MHz multi-channel near-infrared single-photon detector prototype is developed, and the time-division multiplexed PNR detection based on InGaAs/InPAPD is realized. The POVM matrix of the detector is reconstructed experimentally by quantum detection chromatography. The experimental results of time-division multiplexing (TDM) PNR detection, the simulation results of theoretical model and the results calculated by using the reconstructed POVM matrix have a good agreement, which fully shows that QDT can accurately and reliably restore the TDM PNR detection process. The negative value of the Wigner function calculated by the reconstructed POVM at the origin indicates that this TDM PNR detection scheme based on the InGaAs/InPAPD multi-channel detector has the ability to detect the quantum states of photons and realizes the real quantum detection. The main innovations of this thesis are as follows: 1. Direct PNR detection based on InGaAs/InP APD is realized by using self-balanced peak signal suppression technique, and a new scheme of double-balanced peak signal suppression technique is proposed. The signal-to-noise ratio of avalanche signal is further improved to 11.2dB.2. A multi-channel 200 MHz near-infrared single-photon detector prototype has been developed. The highest detection efficiency of the four channels is higher than 25 and the dark count is less than 1 脳 10 ~ (-5) / pulse 路3 when the detection efficiency is 10. Time division multiplexing (TDM) PNR detection is realized by using multi-channel single-photon detector, and the POVM matrix of PNR detector is reconstructed by using QDT in experiments. The reduction degree of the output distribution calculated by using the reconstructed POVM matrix is as high as 99.9999. The negative value of the Wigner function corresponding to the reconstructed POVM matrix at the origin verifies the quantum properties of the PNR detector, which indicates that the PNR detector has the ability to detect photon quantum states.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：O431.2
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