發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-08 19:42

【摘要】：南堡凹陷位于渤海灣盆地黃驊坳陷東北部,是渤海灣盆地中“小而肥”的富油氣凹陷。在詳細(xì)分析南堡凹陷東營組沉積期構(gòu)造地層特征、邊界斷裂活動性、基底沉降特征、凹陷伸展特征,并與沙河街組沉積期進(jìn)行縱向?qū)Ρ?與周鄰地區(qū)東營組沉積期進(jìn)行橫向?qū)Ρ鹊幕A(chǔ)上,總結(jié)了南堡凹陷東營組沉積期構(gòu)造活動不同于渤海灣盆地其它坳陷(凹陷),甚至多數(shù)處于斷拗轉(zhuǎn)換期坳陷(凹陷)的特殊性：一方面邊界斷裂活動強(qiáng)烈,尤其以近EW向延伸的西南莊斷裂中段和高柳斷裂的強(qiáng)烈活動為特征。另一方面沉降中心并不沿邊界斷裂展布,而是位于凹陷中部的林雀次凹和曹妃甸次凹處,表明拗陷作用也強(qiáng)烈。構(gòu)造-地層格架剖面上,Ed構(gòu)造層在緊鄰邊界斷裂下降盤處和遠(yuǎn)離邊界斷裂的中央凹陷帶均發(fā)育厚層地層,顯示邊界斷裂活動和拗陷作用對沉積均有明顯控制。本次研究將南堡凹陷東營組沉積期邊界斷裂活動強(qiáng)烈、拗陷作用也強(qiáng)烈的特征稱為構(gòu)造活動的“雙強(qiáng)效應(yīng)”。構(gòu)造活動的“雙強(qiáng)效應(yīng)”控制下,凹陷基底沉降強(qiáng)烈,Ed3s沉積時(shí)期基底沉降速率甚至超過古近紀(jì)早期(強(qiáng)烈斷陷期)。東營組沉積期,渤海灣盆地普遍進(jìn)入斷拗轉(zhuǎn)換期。不同于渤海灣盆地其它坳陷(凹陷)發(fā)育河流相、濱淺湖相或辮狀河三角洲為主的沉積體系,構(gòu)造活動的“雙強(qiáng)效應(yīng)”控制下,南堡凹陷呈現(xiàn)出不同的沉積面貌：①半深湖-深湖沉積環(huán)境廣泛發(fā)育,且遠(yuǎn)離邊界斷裂向凹陷中部遷移,凹陷處于欠補(bǔ)償-補(bǔ)償狀態(tài)；②強(qiáng)烈的基底沉降為碎屑物堆積提供了充足的可容納空間,加之物源碎屑供給充足,較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)堆積了巨厚的東營組地層；拗陷作用控制下,地層厚度中心展布在凹陷中部的林雀次凹和曹妃甸次凹處,同時(shí)邊界斷裂的強(qiáng)烈活動使得緊鄰斷裂下降盤處發(fā)育局部厚度高值帶；⑧邊界斷裂下降盤處較陡的構(gòu)造坡降,以及凹陷中部強(qiáng)烈的基底沉降,為扇三角洲沉積體系、近岸水下扇沉積體系和滑塌重力流沉積體系的發(fā)育提供了合適的坡降條件和可容納空間。北部斷控陡坡帶扇三角洲沉積體系十分發(fā)育,數(shù)個(gè)朵體呈裙帶狀向凹陷中心進(jìn)積,不僅展布范圍非常廣,而且扇體堆積厚度大,南部緩坡帶則發(fā)育了辮狀河三角洲沉積體系。構(gòu)造活動的“雙強(qiáng)效應(yīng)”控制下,南堡凹陷東營組中深湖相沉積環(huán)境堆積了厚層暗色泥巖。Ed3泥巖分布廣,厚度大,有機(jī)質(zhì)豐度高,有機(jī)質(zhì)類型好,在后期較高埋深及較高地溫梯度下,已進(jìn)入中等成熟演化階段,成為南堡凹陷內(nèi)優(yōu)質(zhì)烴源巖,提供了10%的資源量。Ed2發(fā)育一套分布廣、單層厚度大且穩(wěn)定的半深湖相泥巖,雖然成熟度較低,不能成為優(yōu)質(zhì)烴源巖,但在南堡凹陷斷裂異常發(fā)育的背景下,可以有效封堵油氣,構(gòu)成了區(qū)域性蓋層。南堡凹陷東營組沉積相類型豐富,以扇/辮狀三角洲前緣河口壩砂體、扇/辮狀三角洲平原水下分流河道砂體、滑塌濁積巖為主的中-高孔、中-高滲的砂巖層是較好-好儲層,使得東營組優(yōu)質(zhì)儲層非常發(fā)育,范圍廣且類型齊全。構(gòu)造活動的“雙強(qiáng)效應(yīng)”控制下,優(yōu)質(zhì)烴源巖、類型豐富的優(yōu)質(zhì)儲層以及區(qū)域蓋層的發(fā)育,使得南堡凹陷東營組具有極大的勘探潛力。最后,對構(gòu)造活動的“7雙強(qiáng)效應(yīng)”成因機(jī)制進(jìn)行了探討。東營組沉積期,渤海灣盆地普遍進(jìn)入斷拗轉(zhuǎn)換期,由熱沉降引起的拗陷作用以渤中坳陷為中心向周圍大致呈遞減的趨勢,緊鄰渤中坳陷的南堡凹陷拗陷作用強(qiáng)烈。此外,Esl沉積晚期南堡凹陷大規(guī)模巖漿噴發(fā)后,由于熱量的迅速衰減,巖漿房附近淺表層地殼的均衡沉降,也可能是東營組(尤其是東營組早期)拗陷作用強(qiáng)烈的原因。Es1-Ed沉積時(shí)期,太平洋板塊對歐亞大陸向西俯沖突然加速,導(dǎo)致渤海灣盆地東部邊界-郯廬斷裂右旋走滑,以及穿過黃驊坳陷的蘭聊斷裂北段活化并走滑,郯廬斷裂和蘭聊斷裂的走滑活動在黃驊坳陷東北部派生出近SN向伸展疊加區(qū),導(dǎo)致NNE向延伸的黃驊坳陷邊界斷裂-滄東斷裂的正向伸展作用大幅度減弱,走滑分量急劇增強(qiáng),沉降中心和斷裂活動中心逐漸偏離邊界斷裂向坳陷內(nèi)部遷移,Ed沉積時(shí)期遷移到南堡凹陷,導(dǎo)致以近EW走向?yàn)榇淼倪吔鐢嗔鸦顒拥娘@著增強(qiáng)。因此,構(gòu)造活動的“雙強(qiáng)效應(yīng)”是深部動力過程與淺部構(gòu)造應(yīng)力場綜合作用的產(chǎn)物。
[Abstract]:Nanpu Sag, located in the northeast of the Huanghua depression in the Bohai Bay Basin, is a "small and fat" oil and gas depression in the Bohai Bay basin. The structural stratigraphic characteristics of the Dongying formation in the Nanpu Sag, the activity of boundary faults, the characteristics of the basement subsidence and the sag extension are analyzed in detail, and the vertical comparison with the depositional period of the Shahe Street Group and the east of the neighbouring area are in the East. On the basis of horizontal comparison of the sedimentary period, the tectonic activity of Dongying formation in Nanpu Sag is different from that of other depression (SAG) in Bohai Bay Basin, and most of them are in the special characteristics of depression (SAG) in the transition period of fault depression. On the one hand, the boundary fault activity is strong, especially in the middle section of the southwestern Zhuang fault and the high willow fault in the near EW direction. On the other hand, the settlement center is not distributed along the boundary of the boundary, but in the Lindu subsag and Caofeidian subsurface in the middle of the depression, indicating that the depression is also strong. On the tectonic stratigraphic shelf section, the Ed tectonic layer is thicker than the central depression adjacent to the boundary fault drop plate and the far off boundary fault. In this study, the boundary fault activity and the depression of the Dongying formation in Nanpu Sag are strongly controlled by the boundary faults, and the strong depression of the depression is called the "double strong effect" of tectonic activity. Under the control of "double strong effect" of tectonic activity, the subsidence of the sag basement is strong and the Ed3s sedimentary period base is under the control of the tectonic activity. The bottom subsidence rate is even more than the early Paleogene (strong fault depression period). The Bohai Bay basin generally entered the fault depression period in the Dongying formation period. The sedimentary system is different from the other depression (depression) of the Bohai Bay Basin, the shallow lake facies or the braided river delta, and the Nanpu Sag under the control of the "double strong effect" of the construction activities. There are different sedimentary features: (1) the sedimentary environment of the semi deep lake deep lake is widely developed, and it is far away from the boundary fault to the middle of the depression, and the depression is in the state of compensation and compensation, and the strong basement settlement provides sufficient space for the accumulation of debris, and the debris supply is sufficient and the thick East is accumulated in a relatively short time. Under the control of the depression, the thickness center of the formation is distributed in the Lin Finch and Caofeidian subfovea in the middle of the depression, while the strong activity of the boundary fault causes the high local thickness zone to be developed at the descending plate near the adjacent fault, the steep tectonic slope at the descending plate of the boundary fault and the strong basement subsidence in the middle of the depression. The fan delta depositional system, the offshore subaqueous fan depositional system and the slump gravity flow depositional system provide the appropriate slope conditions and accommodating space. The fan delta depositional system in the northern faulted steep slope zone is very developed, several of which show a belt to the center of the sag, not only a very wide range of distribution, but also a large thickness of the fan body. Under the control of "double strong effect", the deep lacustrine sedimentary environment in the Dongying formation of Nanpu Sag, under the control of the "double strong effect" of tectonic activity, has accumulated a thick dark mudstone of the deep lacustrine sedimentary environment of the Dongying formation in Nanpu Sag, with a wide distribution, large thickness, high organic matter abundance and good organic matter type, which has entered into a higher buried depth and a higher temperature gradient in the later period. The medium maturity evolution stage has become a high quality source rock in Nanpu Sag, which provides 10% resources.Ed2 to develop a set of large and stable semi deep lacustrine mudstones with a large and stable single layer. Although the maturity is low, it can not be a high quality source rock, but under the background of abnormal development of Nanpu Sag, the oil and gas can be effectively blocked and the region is formed. The sedimentary facies of Dongying formation in Nanpu Sag is rich in sedimentary facies, with fan / braided delta front edge estuary sand body, fan / braided delta plain water distributary channel sand body, slumped turbidite mainly middle and high pore, medium high permeability sandstone layer is good good reservoir, which makes Dongying formation high quality reservoir very developed, wide range and complete type. Under the control of "double strong effect", the high quality hydrocarbon source rocks, rich types of high quality reservoirs and the development of regional caprock have made the Dongying formation of Nanpu Sag have great potential for exploration. Finally, the formation mechanism of the "7 double strong effects" of tectonic activity was discussed. In the sedimentary period of the Dongying formation, the Bohai Bay basin generally entered the transition period of fault depression. The depression caused by thermal subsidence is roughly decreasing in Bozhong depression, close to the Nanpu depression in Bozhong depression. In addition, the rapid attenuation of heat and the equilibrium settlement of the shallow crust near the magma chamber in the late Nanpu depression of the late Esl deposit may also be the Dongying formation. It is the cause of strong depression in the early Dongying formation. The period of.Es1-Ed deposition was caused by the sudden acceleration of the Pacific plate to the West subduction, the eastern boundary of the Bohai Bay Basin, the Tan Lu fault, the dextral strike slip, and the north section of the Lanliao fault, which passed through the Huanghua depression, and the strike slip of the north section of the Lanliao fault, and the strike slip of the Tanlu fault and the Lanliao fault in Huang Huaao. In the northeast, the near SN extension superposition area is derived, which leads to the positive extension of the Huanghua depression boundary fault - the Cangdong fault, which leads to the NNE extension. The strike slip component increases sharply, the settlement center and the fault center gradually deviate from the boundary faults and migrate to the depression, and the Ed deposition period migrates to Nanpu Sag, leading to the near EW walk. Therefore, the "double strong effect" of the tectonic activity is the product of the comprehensive action of the deep dynamic process and the shallow tectonic stress field.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P618.13

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