【摘要】：量子光學(xué)是研究光與物質(zhì)相互作用的學(xué)科,它是量子場(chǎng)理論和物理光學(xué)的完美結(jié)合,其理論框架由僅涉及介質(zhì)量子化的半經(jīng)典理論和介質(zhì)與光場(chǎng)均量子化的全量子理論組成。量子光學(xué)從誕生之日起就一直吸引著許多杰出的物理學(xué)家的注意,其研究系統(tǒng)也從最初的自然原子系統(tǒng)發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在各式各樣的新型量子光學(xué)系統(tǒng),如量子點(diǎn)系統(tǒng)、NV色心系統(tǒng)、光機(jī)械系統(tǒng)、超導(dǎo)量子電路系統(tǒng)。其中,基于約瑟夫森節(jié)的超導(dǎo)量子系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)被用來(lái)展示了許多有趣的量子光學(xué)現(xiàn)象,從而導(dǎo)致了電路量子電動(dòng)力學(xué)這一概念的提出。作為超導(dǎo)電路的核心部件,超導(dǎo)量子比特可以被外部的參數(shù)調(diào)諧和控制,其行為類似人造的多能級(jí)原子。因此,與傳統(tǒng)的腔量子電動(dòng)力學(xué)相比,電路量子電動(dòng)力學(xué)系統(tǒng)具有極大的調(diào)諧性和可控性,從而可以通過(guò)調(diào)控來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)靈活的量子光學(xué)現(xiàn)象。本文的研究工作就是借助超導(dǎo)電路這一系統(tǒng)來(lái)開(kāi)展的,并取得了一些創(chuàng)新性的成果,主要有：1.利用由一個(gè)驅(qū)動(dòng)的超導(dǎo)電荷比特與一個(gè)傳輸線諧振子強(qiáng)耦合或者超強(qiáng)耦合相互作用所組成的電路量子電動(dòng)力學(xué)系統(tǒng),我們展示了量子Zeno效應(yīng)的理論研究。借助于綴飾態(tài)方法,我們預(yù)測(cè)了在兩種相反的投影測(cè)量下的綴飾比特的動(dòng)力學(xué)行為。對(duì)于非常頻繁的重復(fù)測(cè)量,我們研究顯示綴飾比特初始態(tài)的生存幾率具有指數(shù)形式,并且其Zeno時(shí)間長(zhǎng)于裸比特兩個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí)。對(duì)于緩慢的重復(fù)測(cè)量,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)驅(qū)動(dòng)場(chǎng)的失諧量對(duì)比特的測(cè)量動(dòng)力學(xué)有重要的影響,而且在恰當(dāng)?shù)南到y(tǒng)參數(shù)下,Zeno效應(yīng)在非共振耦合情形下出現(xiàn)了。我們強(qiáng)調(diào),對(duì)于一個(gè)通常的兩能級(jí)系統(tǒng),這種Zeno效應(yīng)不能發(fā)生。2.通過(guò)驅(qū)動(dòng)一個(gè)由電荷比特與傳輸線諧振子強(qiáng)耦合所構(gòu)成的有效的三能級(jí)超導(dǎo)綴飾系統(tǒng),我們研究了電磁感應(yīng)透明和Autler-Townes分裂。在綴飾態(tài)框架和穩(wěn)態(tài)近似下,我們深入的研究了該系統(tǒng)對(duì)一個(gè)弱探測(cè)信號(hào)的線性響應(yīng)。借助于譜線分解方法和其余的限制條件,我們獲得了綴飾態(tài)系統(tǒng)的電磁感應(yīng)透明和Autler-Townes分裂實(shí)現(xiàn)的詳細(xì)條件,并呈現(xiàn)了一個(gè)相應(yīng)的“相圖”。與一般的裸系統(tǒng)相比,這些被獲得的條件對(duì)比特-諧振子系統(tǒng)的參數(shù)有額外的依賴。作為結(jié)果,通過(guò)調(diào)諧比特的約瑟大森耦合能,我們呈現(xiàn)了從電磁感應(yīng)透明到Autler-Townes分裂的躍遷。我們的研究再次顯示了固態(tài)超導(dǎo)量子電路可調(diào)諧性的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。3.我們研究了四能級(jí)V-型超導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)的電磁感應(yīng)透明和Autler-Townes分裂。該系統(tǒng)由超導(dǎo)量子干涉儀耦合的兩個(gè)超導(dǎo)電荷比特構(gòu)成,我們給出了其本征值和本征態(tài)的一般解。我們研究發(fā)現(xiàn),對(duì)于探測(cè)場(chǎng)的吸收譜線,這個(gè)四能級(jí)系統(tǒng)可以展示多個(gè)dip,至多3個(gè)dip,這打破了傳統(tǒng)的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系：N+1能級(jí)系統(tǒng)最多顯示N-1個(gè)dip。通過(guò)把這個(gè)四能級(jí)系統(tǒng)分解成兩個(gè)三能級(jí)子系統(tǒng),我們對(duì)于這一發(fā)現(xiàn)給出了一個(gè)合理的解釋。我們也顯示,通過(guò)調(diào)諧系統(tǒng)的參數(shù),吸收峰和dip的角色是可以交換的。4.利用一個(gè)可循環(huán)躍遷的△-型三能級(jí)超導(dǎo)量子比特,我們研究了非線性多波混頻現(xiàn)象。由于選擇定則在這個(gè)系統(tǒng)中的缺乏,我們首次在理論上論證了三波、四波和五波混頻能共存。對(duì)于僅僅一個(gè)超導(dǎo)比特,四波混頻的效率就可以高達(dá)0.1%,這可以與先前的許多原子系統(tǒng)的波混效率相比較甚至更大。我們也顯示三波和五波混頻信號(hào)的譜線發(fā)生了Autler-Townes分裂,并且量子干涉對(duì)總的信號(hào)——三波和五波混頻信號(hào)的相干疊加——有重要的影響。5.利用一個(gè)循環(huán)驅(qū)動(dòng)的三能級(jí)超導(dǎo)約瑟夫森系統(tǒng),我們研究了一種新型的相位和頻率敏感的微波放大和減小。不同于先前的純粹的相位敏感放大的線性理論,一種新的物理機(jī)制——非線性波混和波干涉的共同作用——被提出,不僅導(dǎo)致了信號(hào)的放大而且也能導(dǎo)致減小,這被稱之為干涉非線性光學(xué)。我們研究顯示,通過(guò)調(diào)諧相對(duì)相位,輸出信號(hào)經(jīng)歷了從大的增益到深深的抑制的跳躍式轉(zhuǎn)變,從而該系統(tǒng)可充當(dāng)一個(gè)相位控制的振幅調(diào)制器。此外,通過(guò)改變驅(qū)動(dòng)場(chǎng)的頻率,我們顯示了輸出信號(hào)從放大到減小的連續(xù)變化,從而系統(tǒng)可充當(dāng)一個(gè)頻率控制的振幅調(diào)制器。我們的研究為微波信號(hào)在量子信息科學(xué)中的寬廣的應(yīng)用打開(kāi)了一個(gè)新的視角。
[Abstract]:Quantum optics is a study of the interaction between light and matter. It is a perfect combination of quantum field theory and physical optics. Its theoretical framework consists of a semiclassical theory involving only medium quantized semiclassical theory and a quantum theory of both medium and light field. Quantum optics has attracted many outstanding physicists from the date of its birth. The research system has also developed from the original natural atomic system to various new quantum optical systems, such as the quantum dot system, the NV color center system, the optical mechanical system, the superconducting quantum circuit system. Among them, the superconducting quantum system based on the Joseph Sen's section has been used to show many interesting quantum optical phenomena. As the core component of the superconducting circuit, the superconducting qubits can be tuned and controlled by the external parameters, and their behavior is similar to the artificial multilevel atom. Therefore, compared with the traditional cavity quantum electrodynamics, the circuit quantum electrodynamics system has a great tunability and can be used. It can be controlled to achieve flexible quantum optical phenomena through regulation and control. The research work of this paper is carried out by the system of superconducting circuits, and some innovative results have been obtained, mainly: 1. the strong coupling or super coupling interaction of a driven superconducting charge bit with a transmission line harmonic oscillator. In the circuit quantum electrodynamics system, we show the theoretical study of the quantum Zeno effect. By using the ornament state method, we predict the dynamic behavior of the decorated bits under two opposite projection measurements. For very frequent repeated measurements, we have shown that the survival probability of the initial state of the decorated bits has an exponent. The form, and its Zeno time is two orders of magnitude longer than the bare bit. For slow repeated measurements, we find that the detuning of the drive field has an important effect on the measurement dynamics of the bit, and under the appropriate system parameters, the Zeno effect appears in the non resonant coupling case. We emphasize that for a normal two level system, this The Zeno effect can not occur by.2. by driving an effective three level superconducting system composed of the strong coupling of the charge bit and the harmonic oscillator of the transmission line. We studied the electromagnetic induction transparency and the Autler-Townes splitting. In the ornament state framework and the steady state approximation, we studied the system's linearity to a weak detection signal. In response. By means of spectral line decomposition and the remaining constraints, we obtain the detailed conditions for the implementation of the electromagnetic induction transparency and Autler-Townes splitting of the ornament state system, and present a corresponding "phase diagram". Compared with the general bare system, these conditions have an additional dependence on the parameters of the bit harmonic subsystem. As a result, by tuning the Jose A Sen coupling energy of the bit, we present the transition from the electromagnetic induction to the Autler-Townes splitting. Our study again shows the advantage of the tunability of the solid-state superconducting quantum circuit.3.. We have studied the electromagnetically induced transparency and the Autler-Townes splitting of the four level V- superconducting system. The two superconducting charge bits of the superconducting quantum interferometer are composed of two superconducting charge bits. We give the eigenvalues and the general solutions of the eigenstates. We find that, for the absorption spectrum of the detection field, this four level system can display multiple dip, up to up to 3 dip, which breaks the traditional corresponding relationship: the N+1 level system shows up to N-1 dip. through the most. The four level system is decomposed into two three energy level subsystems. We give a reasonable explanation for this discovery. We also show that by the parameters of the tuning system, the absorption peak and the role of dip are a convertible.4. using a cyclic transition delta type three level superconducting qubit. We have studied the nonlinear multi wave. Mixing phenomenon. Due to the lack of the selection rule in this system, we have theoretically demonstrated that the three wave, four wave and five wave mixing can coexist for the first time. For only one superconducting bit, the efficiency of four wave mixing can be as high as 0.1%, which can be compared to the wave mixing efficiency of many previous atomic systems. We also show the three wave. The spectral lines of the five wave mixing signal have Autler-Townes splitting, and the coherent superposition of the quantum interference to the total signals - the three and five wave mixing signals - has an important effect on the use of a circular driven three level superconducting Joseph Sen system. We have studied a new type of phase and frequency sensitive microwave amplification. The reduction. Different from the previous linear theory of pure phase sensitive amplification, a new physical mechanism - the common effect of nonlinear wave mixing and wave interference - is proposed not only to amplify the signal but also to decrease, which is called interference nonlinear optics. We have shown that the output is tuned by tuning the relative phase. The signal has undergone a jump transition from a large gain to a deep suppression so that the system can act as a phase controlled amplitude modulator. In addition, by changing the frequency of the drive field, we show the continuous change of the output signal from the amplification to the decrease, thus the system can be filled as a frequency controlled amplitude modulator. The research opens up a new perspective for the wide application of microwave signals in quantum information science.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：O431.2

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