文昌魚肽聚糖識別蛋白BbtPGRP3的結(jié)構和功能研究
[Abstract]:Innate immunity, also known as nonspecific or innate immunity, is the first line of defense against pathogens in vertebrates and the only defense system in invertebrates and plants. The innate immune system can identify relatively fixed metabolites produced by pathogenic microorganisms by a limited number of pattern-recognition receptor receptors (PRRs) encoded by embryoids, that is, pathogen-associated molecular patternsassociated patterns (PAMPs). Peptidoglycans (PGNs), an important component of the cell wall of most bacteria, is one of the most representative of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are a kind of pattern recognition receptors that can specifically recognize and / or hydrolyze peptidoglycan. From low invertebrates except nematodes to higher mammals, there are conserved peptidoglycan recognition proteins, but their numbers and functions are very different. Amphioxus is often regarded as a model animal of vertebrate ancestors, with a very rich variety of innate immune molecules due to a process known as "immune explosion". At present, 17-18 peptidoglycan recognition proteins have been identified in amphioxus and analyzed by bioinformatics. These peptidoglycan recognition proteins all contain the key amino acid residues necessary for the activity of actamases. It may function as an effector molecule. Among the peptidoglycan recognition proteins of Qingdao amphioxus, three proteins named BbtPGRP1-3 have very unique domain composition. They contain a N-terminal chitin binding domain and a C-terminal peptidoglycan recognition domain. Chitin binding domains are commonly found in various animals and plants and function as antifungal and / or antimicrobial agents through polysaccharide binding ability. The BbtPGRP3 protein of Qingdao amphioxus was selected as the research target, and the crystal structure of its full-length protein 2.7 A was analyzed. It includes a chitin binding domain of N-terminal rubberoid (hevein-like) and a C-terminal peptidoglycan recognition domain with catalytic activity. At the same time, we confirmed that C-terminal peptidoglycan recognition domain had enzyme activity for DAP type and Lys type peptidoglycan, and had higher activity for DAP type peptidoglycan by site-directed mutation combined with enzyme activity experiment. In addition to the chitin binding ability, the N-terminal chitin binding domain can enhance the activity of the full-length BbtPGRP3 to Lys type peptidoglycan by 5 times compared with the single C-terminal peptidoglycan recognition domain. Thus, BbtPGRP3 has a wider spectrum of substrate recognition characteristics. Finally, we speculate that the evolution of amphioxus may be a "modular evolution" process of gene horizontal transfer and domain rearrangement.
【學位授予單位】:中國科學技術大學
【學位級別】:博士
【學位授予年份】:2016
【分類號】:Q51
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