本文選題：增強(qiáng)地?zé)嵯到y(tǒng) + 干熱花崗巖巖��； 參考：《西南石油大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：地?zé)崾莾Υ嬗诘貧r石、蒸汽或天然流體中,由同位素連續(xù)衰變提供的可重復(fù)利用、清潔且綠色的能源,地殼3km深度范圍內(nèi)熱值儲量約為42.7×106EJ,其中80%來自于增強(qiáng)地?zé)嵯到y(tǒng)(EGS)中的干熱巖,其熱值約為化石能源的300倍。利用水力壓裂改造干熱巖巖體原有天然裂縫,構(gòu)建流體過流和換熱的裂縫網(wǎng)絡(luò)通道,是開發(fā)該類能源的主要技術(shù)手段。干熱巖具有力學(xué)強(qiáng)度高、基質(zhì)無滲透性的物理特性,水力壓裂過程中天然裂縫又受到熱應(yīng)力、水力剪脹和化學(xué)溶蝕的綜合影響,往往導(dǎo)致注采循環(huán)中的“注不進(jìn)、采不出”。因此,本論文以干熱巖天然裂縫水力剪切機(jī)理為基礎(chǔ),建立巖體彈-塑性本構(gòu)模型,系統(tǒng)開展熱力-水力-巖體變形-化學(xué)溶蝕(Thermal-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemistry:THMC)的耦合問題和誘導(dǎo)應(yīng)力作用下的巖體基質(zhì)剪切破裂穩(wěn)定性研究。本論文根據(jù)深層干熱花崗巖巖心測試,分析其力學(xué)、形變和破壞特征,結(jié)合地?zé)峋畨毫验_發(fā)實例,闡明了天然裂縫的水力剪切理論。同時考慮天然裂縫受剪條件下峰前、峰后的差異性永久形變特征,分別建立了描述裂縫法向剪脹、切向滑移的峰前彈性和峰后彈-塑性本構(gòu)方程。揭示出裂縫粗糙度系數(shù)(JRC)是影響裂縫長期導(dǎo)流能力的關(guān)鍵,峰后的塑性滑移和剪脹占形變的90%以上。提出水力剪切壓裂,不僅能增大裂縫的自支撐導(dǎo)流開度,在摩擦弱化作用下也能降低壓裂地面泵注壓力的新論斷。在天然裂縫縫內(nèi)流動模型基礎(chǔ)上(H),耦合干熱巖體與縫內(nèi)流體的傳熱模型(T),分析熱彈性作用機(jī)理下的裂縫開度變化特征,裂縫內(nèi)流體和巖體基質(zhì)的溫度分布特征;耦合二氧化硅溶解/沉降模型(C),分析裂縫在長期穩(wěn)定增壓注入條件下的溶蝕開度變化特征;結(jié)合裂縫彈塑性本構(gòu)方程(M),建立了分析水力剪切壓裂和長期增注過程天然裂縫開度變化的THMC耦合模型。明確了熱誘導(dǎo)開度是近井區(qū)域天然裂縫導(dǎo)流能力的主要組成,遠(yuǎn)井裂縫區(qū)域的導(dǎo)流能力主要由水力剪脹作用提供,化學(xué)溶蝕開度對短期水力剪切壓裂的導(dǎo)流能力增加幾乎沒有貢獻(xiàn)。根據(jù)位移不連續(xù)理論,在耦合天然裂縫開度變化的基礎(chǔ)上,建立了裂縫形變誘導(dǎo)應(yīng)力場模型;根據(jù)巖體基質(zhì)與縫內(nèi)冷流體的換熱模型,建立了干熱巖體基質(zhì)的熱誘導(dǎo)應(yīng)力場模型,以此重新構(gòu)建巖體基質(zhì)和未溝通天然裂縫的應(yīng)力狀態(tài)。根據(jù)干熱巖巖體和未連通天然裂縫的穩(wěn)定性條件,分析了遠(yuǎn)離被改造天然裂縫區(qū)域的巖體基質(zhì)穩(wěn)定性,為注、采井天然裂縫網(wǎng)絡(luò)的溝通半徑擴(kuò)展提供了分析理論。證明了形變誘導(dǎo)應(yīng)力和熱誘導(dǎo)應(yīng)力僅僅影響到壓裂井口端數(shù)米范圍內(nèi)。本論文耦合了干熱巖水力剪切壓裂中的熱力-水力-巖體變形-化學(xué)溶蝕,與誘導(dǎo)應(yīng)力的結(jié)合發(fā)展和完善了地下裂縫網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論,對增強(qiáng)地?zé)嵯到y(tǒng)干熱巖儲層開發(fā)和優(yōu)化設(shè)計具有一定的理論指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:Geothermal is a reusable, clean and green energy source stored in rock, steam or natural fluid in the crust by isotopic decay. The heat value reserves in the 3km depth range of the earth's crust are about 42.7 * 106EJ, of which 80% are derived from the dry hot rocks in the enhanced geothermal system (EGS), with a heat value of about 300 times the fossil energy. It is the main technical means to develop the natural cracks in the dry hot rock mass, and to construct the network channel of fluid overflow and heat transfer, which is the main technical means to develop this kind of energy. The dry hot rock has high mechanical strength and no permeability, and the natural cracks are influenced by the thermal stress, hydraulic dilatancy and chemical dissolution in the hydraulic fracturing process. In this paper, the elasto-plastic constitutive model of rock mass is established on the basis of the hydraulic shear mechanism of natural fractures in the dry hot rock, and the coupling problem of the thermal hydraulic rock deformation chemical dissolution (Thermal-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemistry:THMC) and the matrix shear of rock mass under the induced stress are systematically carried out in this paper. On the basis of the deep dry hot granite core test, this paper analyses the characteristics of its mechanics, deformation and failure, and illustrates the hydraulic shear theory of natural fractures, combining with the fracture development example of geothermal well. At the same time, the characteristics of the differential permanent deformation of the natural fissure under the peak and after the peak are considered, and the cracks are described respectively. The fracture roughness coefficient (JRC) is the key to the long-term conductivity of the crack, and the plastic slip and dilation account for more than 90% of the deformation after the peak. It is proposed that the hydraulic shear fracture can not only increase the opening degree of the self supporting flow in the crack, but also under the effect of the friction weakening. On the basis of the flow model in the natural fracture seam (H), coupled with the heat transfer model of the dry hot rock mass and the fluid in the seam (T), the characteristics of the fracture opening variation under the thermoelastic mechanism, the temperature distribution characteristics of the fluid in the fracture and the matrix of the rock mass, and the coupling silica dissolution / settlement model (C) are analyzed. The characteristics of the change of the dissolution in the long-term stable pressurized injection condition are analyzed. Combining the elastoplastic constitutive equation of the crack (M), a THMC coupling model is established for the analysis of the natural fissure opening changes in the hydraulic shear fracture and the long-term injecting process. It is clear that the thermal induced opening is the main composition of the natural fissure conductivity in the near well area, and the far well fissure. The diversion capacity of the seam area is mainly provided by the hydraulic dilatancy, and the chemical dissolution has little contribution to the increase of the conductivity of the short term hydraulic shear fracture. Based on the displacement discontinuity theory, the stress field model of the fracture deformation is established on the basis of the change of the coupling natural crack opening, and the cold fluid in the seam is based on the matrix of rock mass. The heat induced stress field model of the dry hot rock matrix is established to reconstruct the stress state of the rock mass matrix and uncommunicated natural cracks. According to the stability conditions of the dry hot rock mass and the unconnected natural cracks, the stability of the matrix of rock mass far away from the reformed natural fracture area is analyzed, and the natural fracture net of the well is used as the injection. The extension of the communication radius of the collaterals provides an analytical theory. It is proved that the deformation induced stress and the thermal induced stress only affect the range of several meters at the end of the fracturing wellhead. This paper coupled the thermodynamic hydraulic rock deformation chemical dissolution in the dry hot rock hydraulic shear fracture, the combination of the induced stress and the theory of the underground fracture network. It has certain theoretical guiding significance to enhance the development and optimization design of geothermal system dry hot rock reservoir.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P314;TK52

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